International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamases and AmpC Beta Lactamases Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"R. Bakshi, V. Sehgal, Perbhat Kansal, S. Kaur","doi":"10.18311/IJMDS/2019/23503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/IJMDS/2019/23503","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The multidrug resistant among uropathogenic E. coli has become a potential threat to global health. The aim of the current study to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin along with other antimicrobials against Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC producer isolates from the most common organism E. coli . Methods: A total of 6046 clean catch midstream urine samples were collected and processed in Microbiology department of tertiary care hospital. The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates was initially screened by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The resistant isolates were confirmed to be ESBL and AmpC producers by their respective phenotypic confirmatory tests of combined disc method. Results: Out of 6046 patients there were 1855 E. coli positive patients. Maximum patients in the age group of 21-30 years were 51.5% followed by 31-40 years where patients were 26%. 64.4% E. coli were isolated from female patients and 35.6% from male patients. E. coli showed higher sensitivity towards, fosfomycin (100%), imipenem (100%), nitrofurantoin (84.1%), piperacillin and tazobactam (77.3%), amikacin (76.1%) and while they showed high degree resistance pattern against Penicillin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and 2 nd and 3 rd generation cephalosporin. Out of 1855 E. coli , multi drug resistance was seen in 520 E. coli isolates. ESBL production was observed among 50% of E. coli isolates by combined disk method. Out of 520 isolates, 150 isolates showed resistance to one or more extended-spectrum cephalosporins and cefoxitin by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. These were selected and screened for ESBL and AmpC production. Among 150 cefoxitin-resistant isolates, AmpC phenotype was detected in 100 isolates (66.6%) by AmpC disc method. The overall occurrence of AmpC in the study was found to be 19.2%. Susceptibility of ESBL and AmpC producers to fosfomycin, imipenem, nitrofurantoin and amikacin were found to be 100%, 98.5%, 89% and 75% respectively. Conclusions: There is increased prevalence of ESBL and AmpC producing E. coli. Thus, early detection of ESBL and AmpC producer E. coli by simple phenotypic methods is necessary to avoid treatment failure, where molecular techniques are not available.","PeriodicalId":14010,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85437744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Aesthetic Components of Smile in North Indian Males","authors":"Archana Goel, Poonam Delmotra, V. Goel, Garima Shivhare, Rashmi Chandel","doi":"10.18311/IJMDS/2019/23199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/IJMDS/2019/23199","url":null,"abstract":"Smile is an important physical factor for reflection of inner emotions and well being of person. People with an aesthetic smile are judged socially attractive. It would be useful to represent some desirable characteristics of the smile, which help to achieve desirable results in surgical and aesthetic oral rehabilitation. To analyze the various aesthetic components of smile, assessing the teeth displayed during smile, relationship between curve formed by incisal line of anterior maxillary teeth and the curve of lower lip, the touch of this incisal line on lower lip, the alignment of facial midline with the arch midline and compared the data with the previous studies. The study comprises of 200 North Indian males age group 18-40 years. Prior informed written consent for this study was obtained from the subjects. The exclusion and inclusion criteria for the subjects were predefined. Photographs were taken both in rest position as well as in Smile position using digital camera with high resolution. Results show that during smile the position of upper lip was average in 49% of males, alignment of upper incisal edge to lower lip was convex in 47%, tooth lower lip was non touching in 60%, no. of teeth displayed during smile was 8-10 in 68%, midline from philtrum passing through the centre of central incisors in 76% and bilateral negative space was not visible in 92% males. So, it is concluded that smile is aesthetic in North Indian males.","PeriodicalId":14010,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73344987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Efficacy and Tolerability of Rosehip Extract (Gopo) vs. Ibuprofen (a nsaid) in Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Weight Bearing Joints","authors":"Hina Lal, Harinder Singh, K. S. Sandhu, V. Sehgal","doi":"10.18311/IJMDS/2019/23417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/IJMDS/2019/23417","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. Osteoarthritis is a joint failure, which occurs due to pathological change in all structure joint. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of Rosehip Extract and ibuprofen along with individual effect of both drugs. Materials and Methods: This was an open, randomized, prospective study to compare ROSE HIP Extract and IBUPROFEN for treatment of Osteoarthritis in 100 patients. In this study two comparative groups (50 each) were taken. First group was prescribed 400 mg TDS Ibuprofen and the other group was given Rose hip extract in the form of 275 mg capsule BD. The pain assessment was done through Womac scale and visual analogue scale. The data was collected for efficacy and tolerability for both drugs at 14 days and 3 months. Result: In ibuprofen group, the mean score of pain intensity on womac scale on visit 1 was 39.2 ± 9.58 which was decreased to 11.62 ± 4.97 in the last visit. On VAS scale on visit 1 was 7.26 ± 1.426 and was decreased to 3.36 ± 1.467 at visit 3. In rosehip group. The mean score of pain intensity on WOMAC scale on visit 1 was 38.44 ± 8.45, 30.88 ± 8.068 which was decreased to 26.68 ± 8.474. The mean score of pain intensity at on VAS scale on visit 1 was 7.02 ± 1.06, 5.84 ± 1 and was decreased to 4.6 ± 1.16 at the end of study. Conclusion: Ibuprofen is a better choice than rosehip because it had shown better improvement. Both rosehip and ibuprofen were well tolerated.","PeriodicalId":14010,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90953553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Kampo Medicines Against Intractable Stomatitis: A Mini-Review","authors":"Y. Momota, H. Takano, M. Azuma","doi":"10.18311/IJMDS/2019/22935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/IJMDS/2019/22935","url":null,"abstract":"Intractable stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of oral mucosa, with unclear etiopathogenesis. Kampo Medicines (KMs), i.e., Japanese herbal medicines, effectively treat stomatitis. The precise effects of KMs on intractable stomatitis are not established. We present the details of several patients with intractable stomatitis who were well-treated with KMs (i.e., Inchinkoto, Orento, Goreisan, and Byakkokaninjinto). We also review the literature on the link between intractable stomatitis and KMs. KM-related anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity may suppress intractable stomatitis. KMs may also facilitate wound healing through increased saliva secretion. KMs may therefore be useful for the treatment of intractable stomatitis.","PeriodicalId":14010,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88627525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Peripheral Smear Finding Beyond Cells: Cryoglobulins in a Case of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma","authors":"K. Karthika, P. Tripathi, H. Pati, R. Saxena","doi":"10.18311/IJMDS/2019/23294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/IJMDS/2019/23294","url":null,"abstract":"A well prepared peripheral smear is an indispensable requisite for the diagnosis of hematological disorders and in some situations, non-hematological diseases. Here, we present the typical hemogram and peripheral smear findings of circulating cryoglobulins that led to the unraveling of the underlying lymphoproliferative disorder. A 51-year lady presented with symptoms of anemia since four months. Her hemogram showed anemia and leucopenia with flagging of platelet count. Peripheral smear at room temperature revealed marked artefactual changes in red blood cells including fragmentation. The morphology was better appreciated after incubating the sample at 37°C and showed normocytic normochromic RBCs, thrombocytopenia with a few lymphoplasmacytic cells and amorphous pinkish material in the background. Bone marrow examination showed near total replacement of marrow spaces by lymphoid cells positive for CD20 and CD138 and was diagnosed as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Cryoglobulins can thus cause a range of laboratory artefacts which need to be recognized, warranting further search for possible underlying etiologies.","PeriodicalId":14010,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83344082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin Vs Amitriptyline in Patients of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Case of Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Rajneet Kaur, V. Sehgal, Rps Sibia, A. Kaur, Avnish Kumar","doi":"10.18311/IJMDS/2019/23424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/IJMDS/2019/23424","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes mellitus frequently leads to development of peripheral neuropathies in almost 30-50% of patients and the most common type of neuropathy associated with this condition is Distal Symmetric Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy (DSPN). Gabapentin and Amitriptyline are two drugs frequently used for the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with type 2 diabetes. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to compare efficacy and safety of Gabapentin and Amitriptyline in subjects of Type 2 diabetes mellitus with peripheral neuropathic pain. Material and Methods: A prospective, open, randomized, parallel group, comparative study was conducted in 60 patients coming to Department of Medicine, Rajindra Hospital attached to Government Medical College Patiala, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Gabapentin and Amitriptyline in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. The patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study after taking written informed consent. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 cases each by simple randomization. Group I patients received Gabapentin 300 mg HS by oral route. Group II patients received Amitriptyline 25 mg HS by oral route. Therapeutic efficacy of both drugs, by using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) was compared at the baseline and at the end of 4 months. Any adverse drug reactions of the respective drug observed in patient were also noted. All the observations thus made were statistically analysed using appropriate tests. Results: Baseline characteristics of the patients in two groups such as age, sex, duration of diabetes were similar (p>0.05). The mean age in group I and group II were 53.40±8.41 years and 57.17±8.55 years, respectively. There was statistically significant reduction in mean MNSI scores in questionnaire part and physical examination part in both the groups. Also, there was statistically significant difference between the two drugs in reducing mean MNSI score. Mean difference between two drugs in reducing MNSI score in history part (0.77±0.16, p<0.01) and physical examination part (0.75±0.19, p<0.01) favoured Gabapentin. No. of adverse drug reactions reported were significantly higher in Amitriptyline group, p value (<0.05) for the difference in ADRs between two drugs was statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study, we concluded that both drugs lead to improvement in signs and symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. Gabapentin was proved to be more efficacious than Amitriptyline. Gabapentin treated patient’s mean MNSI score at the study end point was significantly lower as compared to the Amitriptyline treated patient’s end-point score. Adverse drug reactions reported in our study were mild in both the groups and a significantly higher number of adverse effects were reported in the amitriptyline group. Dizziness and somnolence were two most commonly reported adverse drug reactions.","PeriodicalId":14010,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88419229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Costoclavicular Joint as A Synovial Joint","authors":"S. Garg, S. Srivastava","doi":"10.18311/ijmds/2019/21858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ijmds/2019/21858","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study was conducted to note the osteological evidence of a synovial joint between clavicle and first rib in Indians. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted on 310 pairs of adult clavicles and first ribs, out of which 210 pairs were males and 100 pairs were females obtained from the Anatomy department of Pt. B. D. Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak. The articular facets were studied and measured with the help of a sliding Vernier caliper (Micropole). Results: Among 210 pairs (420 no.) of male clavicles examined, 6 clavicles (2.86%) had a circumscribed smooth articular facet with well-defined margins. Out of these 6 clavicles, 3 (1.43%) were of right side and 3(1.43%) were of left side. A corresponding facet was present on the first ribs of the same skeletons. The facets were found to be present unilaterally and that too in males only. The measurements of the articular facets on the rhomboid area of the clavicles and ribs were-the average length, width and elevation was 7mm, 5.4mm and 2.2mm respectively. Conclusion: These articular facets on the rhomboid area of clavicles and first ribs are osteological evidence of a synovial articulation between clavicle and first rib.","PeriodicalId":14010,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78343862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mephentermine Dependence: Emerging Trend of Substance Abuse and its Challenges","authors":"Prabhdeep Singh, B. S. Sidhu, R. Raj, Neeraj Mittal","doi":"10.18311/IJMDS/2019/22138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/IJMDS/2019/22138","url":null,"abstract":"Dependence on Mephentermine, a widely used sympathomimetic pressor agent, is so far not extensively reported. In current report, we describe a male patient consuming extraordinary high amount of Mephentermine who developed psychosis which was successfully treated but relapsed after 5 months. In this background we also tried to highlight this trend of shift from more traditional drugs to new synthetic ones and look into the magnitude of the problem and challenges that lie ahead of us.","PeriodicalId":14010,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73510584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Morphological and Morphometric Study on Curvatures of Clavicle","authors":"Anuradha Dehiya, G. Agnihotri, Ravikant Sharma, Ankush Sharma","doi":"10.18311/IJMDS/2019/22192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/IJMDS/2019/22192","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The clavicle is subcutaneous throughout its length and makes a prominent aesthetic contribution to the contour of the neck and upper chest. The use of clavicular curvature analysis offers a new dimension in assessment of the functional morphology of the clavicle and its relationship to the shoulder complex. Objectives: The present study was done to determine gender and side specific variations in the medial angle, lateral angle, anterior lateral length and height, index of curvature and sinuosity of the clavicle. Material and Method: 300 pairs (600 clavicles) of known sex adult clavicles were obtained from cadaveric dissection and bony collections of anatomy department. The medial and lateral angle, anterior lateral curve height and length were measured. Also, index of curvature and sinuosity were calculated. The data obtained was statistically analysed. Results: There exists a statistically significant gender specific variation for index of curvature, anterior lateral curve length and height and index of sinuosity whereas medial and lateral angle values were found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusions: The study establishes morphometric criterion for clavicular curvatures in North Indians and compares observations with other populations giving a special emphasis on influence of sex factor. The curvatures should be taken in to account while performing clinical procedure like intramedullary fixation and plate fixation of fractures.","PeriodicalId":14010,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88744819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation of Exenterated Right Eye: A Prosthetic Challenge","authors":"Dushyant Chauhan, A. Thakur, M. Viswambaran, R. Yadav, Amit Khattak, A. Gopi, D. Sharma","doi":"10.18311/IJMDS/2019/23008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/IJMDS/2019/23008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Facial defects can be acquired or congenital, but irrespective of etiology, any maxillofacial structure if damaged or missing will result in an unaesthetic and unappealing personality of individual. Orbital defects are very evident and effect the appearance and social front of the individual. Many modalities are available to rehabilitate the defect of an orbit but prosthetic rehabilitation with silicone prosthesis is a simple and effective approach. Retention is generally achieved by engaging available undercuts or using mechanical accessories or skin adhesives etc. This case report describes successful rehabilitation of right orbital defect using a non-surgical approach with room temperature vulcanized silicone and skin adhesives. Case Report: A 45 yr old male reported with, chief complaint of missing right orbit and unaesthetic appearance secondary to gunshot wound. Patient was not ready for any more surgical procedures or additional accessories and available retentive undercuts were minimal. Hence, conventional silicone prosthesis was made using stock eye shell and room temperature vulcanized silicone retained with skin adhesives. The approach was simple to a complex problem and gave reliable result in very limited time. Conclusion: With extensive orbital defect, rehabilitation is difficult and complex as retention is compromised and it is difficult to match the shade of the prosthesis.This case represents a simple and predictable approach to a case of exenterated right orbit with conventional roomtemperature vulcanized silicone and silicone skin adhesives.","PeriodicalId":14010,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84004376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}