International journal of immunopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Thymosin alpha 1 in the treatment of cancer: from basic research to clinical application","authors":"Enrico Garaci,&nbsp;Francesca Pica,&nbsp;Guido Rasi,&nbsp;Cartesio Favalli","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00075-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00075-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many studies have explored the effects of immunotherapy<span>, alone or in combination with conventional therapies, on both experimental and human cancers. Evidence has been provided that combined treatments with thymosin alpha 1<span> (T α 1) and low doses of interferon (IFN) or interleukin (IL)-2 are highly effective in restoring several immune responses depressed by tumor growth and/or cytostatic drugs. In addition, when combined with specific chemotherapy, they are able to increase the anti-tumor effect of chemotherapy while markedly reducing the general toxicity of the treatment. The advantages of using this combined chemo-immunotherapeutic approach in experimental and human cancers are reviewed in this issue.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 12","pages":"Pages 1067-1076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00075-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21959640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulators in infectious diseases: panoply of possibilites","authors":"K.Noel Masihi","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00074-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00074-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infections which caused ravages in the past centuries are again resurgent and newly emerging pathogens capable of human diseases continue to surface. Multidrug antibiotic resistance has turned into a major medical problem. Judicious concepts for combating infections in the 21st century have acquired a new poignancy. Immunomodulators of natural, synthetic, and recombinant origin can stimulate host defense mechanisms for the prophylaxis and treatment of diverse viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal diseases. Some immunomodulator preparations are already licensed for use in patients and numerous others are being extensively investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. Immunomodulators offer a novel adjunct to established antimicrobial therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 12","pages":"Pages 1083-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00074-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21959642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal fetal-cell and gene therapy","authors":"Jean-Louis Touraine","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00076-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00076-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Several inherited diseases can now be treated using postnatal or prenatal, in utero, transplantation of stem cells from the human fetal liver. Twenty-four patients with severe immunodeficiency diseases have been treated in infancy and three at the fetal stage, in our institution. We have also treated similarly 34 patients with inborn errors of metabolism or </span>hemoglobinopathies. A total of 64% of all patients are alive with either full cure of their initial disease or at least significant benefit from the treatment. Immunological reconstitution can develop despite full mismatch between the stem cell donor and the recipient patient. Tolerance is acquired both towards donor and host antigens. Gene therapy is starting its development in some infants with an immunodeficiency related to a known gene defect and, in the future, it may be used in fetuses, immediately after the prenatal diagnosis of the gene abnormality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 12","pages":"Pages 1033-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00076-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21960418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00080-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00080-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 12","pages":"Pages 1167-1171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00080-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137249794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolution of inflammation","authors":"D.A Willoughby,&nbsp;A.R Moore,&nbsp;P.R Colville-Nash,&nbsp;D Gilroy","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00064-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00064-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Acute inflammatory reactions, in contrast to chronic inflammatory reactions, are usually self-limiting and resolve. We have investigated the resolving phase of a number of immune and non-immune inflammatory reactions induced in the pleural cavity of rats. COX-2 is expressed during resolution of these models. Using carrageenan<span><span> pleurisy, we showed that this enzyme has a proinflammatory role as the reaction develops but an antiinflammatory role as the lesion resolves. This antiinflammatory role is associated with production of cyclopentenone </span>prostaglandins and the absence of PGE</span></span>₂. Dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors or COX-2 inhibitors when given at the peak of the inflammatory response delay resolution, an effect reversed by replacing CyPGs into the pleural space. PGF_2α<span><span> like the CyPGs appears to have a role in resolving this reaction. Stress proteins are also induced in a variety of acute inflammatory models during resolution. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is one such protein so too are members of the hsp70 family. An inducer of HO-1 promotes resolution whereas an inhibitor is proinflammatory. In most cases it appears to be the macrophage that is the source of proteins necessary for resolution to occur. Understanding how proinflammatory pathways switch to the antiinflammatory pathways necessary for resolution to take place may eventually allow the exploitation of endogenous antiinflammatory pathways in the treatment of </span>chronic inflammation.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 12","pages":"Pages 1131-1135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00064-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21958423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thymosin α1 is a time and dose-dependent antagonist of dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of murine thymocytes in vitro","authors":"Christian A Baumann,&nbsp;Mahnaz Badamchian,&nbsp;Allan L Goldstein","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00065-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00065-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>It is well established that glucocorticoid hormones induce apoptosis in immature developing </span>thymocytes. Thymocyte apoptotsis can be modulated by growth factors, anti-oxidants and adhesion receptors. We have previously demonstrated that </span>thymosin α</span>₁ (Tα₁) antagonizes dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of CD4⁺CD8⁺ thymocytes. In the present study, we further characterize the dose and time dependence of Tα₁'s antagonism of dexamethasone-induced thymocyte apoptosis. Tα₁ is effective at concentrations ranging from 2 to 100 μg/10⁶ thymocytes. Tα₁ pre-treatment is necessary to achieve its anti-apoptotic activity. Tα₁<span> provides temporary protection to thymocytes by slowing dexamethasone's apoptotic activity up to 12 h post dexamethasone treatment. Additionally, Tα</span>₁<span>'s activity is not sensitive to cycloheximide treatment, suggesting Tα</span>₁<span>'s activity is independent of protein synthesis. Finally, Tα</span>₁<span> is unable to antagonize apoptosis induced by the reactive oxygen species, H</span>₂O₂, suggesting Tα₁'s antagonism of dexamethasone occurs at the early stages of dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, prior to the production of reactive oxygen species. This evidence suggests that Tα₁ may provide a mechanism to transiently extend the life of a thymocyte during thymic selection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 12","pages":"Pages 1057-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00065-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21959639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 administration on NK1.1+ cells in mice","authors":"Eriko Misawa ,&nbsp;Takuma Sakurai ,&nbsp;Muneo Yamada ,&nbsp;Hirotoshi Hayasawa ,&nbsp;Kazuo Motoyoshi","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00061-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00061-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We studied the effects of M-CSF and IL-2 on NK1.1⁺ cell activity in vivo and in vitro. Administration of M-CSF increased the number of splenic NK1.1⁺ cells (vs. saline: <em>P</em>&lt;0.01). Moreover, the combination of M-CSF and IL-2 (M-CSF+IL-2) produced a synergistic expansion of the number of NK1.1⁺ cells compared with each single treatment (vs. saline: <em>P</em>&lt;0.001). The NK1.1⁺ cells were isolated from the spleen of each treated mouse (four treatment groups: saline, IL-2 alone, M-CSF alone, M-CSF+IL-2) and their functions (IL-2-induced proliferation, IFN-<em>γ</em> production and cytostatic activity) were evaluated in vitro. The NK1.1⁺ cells from M-CSF alone and M-CSF+IL-2 treated mice showed greater responsiveness in terms of IL-2-induced proliferation, production of IFN-<em>γ</em><span><span> and cytostatic activity<span> than the cells from saline and IL-2 alone treated mice. The NK activity in vivo was enhanced by the administration of M-CSF and IL-2, as assessed by the ‘Lung clearance assay’ (clearance of Yac-1 cells in lung). And the M-CSF+IL-2 treatment induced the highest NK activity of the four treatments. To show a practical effect of upregulation of NK activity in vivo by M-CSF and IL-2 administration, the effect of the four treatments on an experimental tumor metastasis<span> model was examined. The IL-2 alone, M-CSF alone and M-CSF+IL-2 treatment reduced the metastasis of B16 melanoma. And the M-CSF+IL-2 treatment proved of greater benefit to the </span></span></span>antimetastatic activity than each single treatment. Our results demonstrated that the administration of M-CSF increases the number of NK1.1</span>⁺ cells, which have good responsiveness to IL-2. Furthermore, the combination treatment of M-CSF and IL-2 in vivo augments the increase of NK1.1⁺ cells. And these effects can contribute to the antimetastatic activity in vivo.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 967-977"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00061-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21915290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of combined praziquantel and recombinant glutathione S-transferase on resistance to reinfection in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni","authors":"Sanaa S. Botros ,&nbsp;Ekram A. Makary ,&nbsp;Kesmat M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Abdalla M. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Nawal N. Nashed ,&nbsp;Hussein M.S. El-Nahal ,&nbsp;Barbara L. Doughty ,&nbsp;Hanaa I. Hassanein","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00062-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00062-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of recombinant <span><em>Schistosoma mansoni</em></span><span>-26 Glutathione </span><em>S</em><span>-transferase (rSm 26 GST) or soluble egg antigen (SEA) alone and in addition to praziquantel (PZQ) on the state of resistance to </span><em>S. mansoni</em> reinfection. The associated changes in the immune responses were evaluated. The experimental group of mice were injected intravenously before <em>S. mansoni</em><span> infection (80 cercariae/mouse) either with rSm26 GST (1 μg×4) or SEA (10 μg×4) in addition to PZQ (2×500 mg/kg) administered 6 weeks post-infection. Seven control groups were used, three of them were the infected (80 cercariae/mouse), the challenged (240 cercariae/mouse) and the infected challenged controls (80+240 cercariae/mouse). The rest of the four groups were the treated controls receiving: the GST-Lyzate, rSmGST, SEA and PZQ in the same doses and at the same timings. Challenge infection was conducted for all the groups 8 weeks post-infection. Animals were sacrificed 3 weeks post-challenge. After sacrifice animals were perfused and percentage resistance to reinfection was calculated. Immune responses were assessed by the measurement of hepatic granuloma<span> diameter, intralesional T-cell phenotypes and serum immunoglobulin isotypes. The highest percentage of resistance to reinfection was observed in rGST-treated group while the lowest percentage of resistance was detected in PZQ-treated group. Whereas in mice receiving combined rGST or SEA and PZQ, percentage resistance to reinfection was significantly higher than that in PZQ treated mice. The remarkable reduction in granuloma diameter in rGST-treated group with or without PZQ was associated with decrease in the intralesional L</span></span>₃T₄⁺ and increase in Lyt₂⁺ T-cell phenotypes. However, no special relationship was observed between the percentage of resistance and the changes in granuloma diameter or intralesional T-cell phenotypes. The increase in percentage resistance to reinfection was found accompanied by increased anti SWAP IgE. Combined rGST and PZQ provided the complementary goals of improved state of resistance to reinfection ‘which was compromized after cure with PZQ’ and the maximal reduction in granuloma diameter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 979-988"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00062-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21915169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunostimulating and protective effects of an oral polybacterial immunomodulator ‘Dentavax’ in a rabbit experimental model","authors":"Snejina Marinova ,&nbsp;Ljubka Tchorbadjiiska ,&nbsp;Bogdan Petrunov ,&nbsp;Jordan Cvetanov ,&nbsp;Plamen Nenkov ,&nbsp;Dora Konstantinova ,&nbsp;Roumiana Markova","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00044-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00044-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The immunostimulating and protective effects of an oral polybacterial immunomodulator, Dentavax (D), composed of killed cells from <span><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em></span>, <span><em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em></span>, <span><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em></span>, <span><em>Candida albicans</em></span> and <span><em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em></span><span><span><span> and their lysates, have been investigated on an experimental rabbit model. In this model, mixed suspensions of the above bacterial wild strains have been injected in six sides of oral mucosa. A long-lasting inflammation with the development of infiltrates and confluating abscesses has been observed. The influence of orally given Dentavax on the course of the model infection as well as on the dynamics of the immune response has been studied. A two-fold decrease in the duration and severity of inflammatory reaction, confirmed by the histological findings, has been registered. In immunised animals, an activation of polymorphonuclear </span>phagocytosis, together with stimulation of humoral systemic and mucosal immunity with synthesis of specific serum (predominantly, IgG) and coproantibodies (predominantly, S-IgA) determined by </span>ELISA<span>, has been found. The results obtained proved the strong immunostimulating and protective effects of the preparation D, which is meant for the prophylaxis and treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 843-854"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00044-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21916536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor necrosis factor has positive and negative self regulatory feed back cycles centered around cAMP","authors":"R.E Kast","doi":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00046-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00046-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>This paper reviews data that allow recognition of, (1) two opposing intracellular chains of events occurring subsequent to an increase in tumor necrosis factor, TNF, and (2) that these two chains have opposing effects on intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP. The two chains — attenuation cycle, where TNF results in </span>prostaglandin E<span> mediated increased cAMP and, consequent to this, suppression of TNF levels; and an amplification cycle, where increased TNF increases intracellular cyclic adenosine phosphodiesterase, lowering cAMP, thereby raising TNF levels further. TNF is a central mediator in several </span></span>inflammatory diseases<span>. Understanding TNF control systems will allow better delineation of pathophysiology and clinical care.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14002,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunopharmacology","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 1001-1006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00046-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21915171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}