International Journal of Gynecological Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Implementation of Frozen Section Services for Gynecologic Surgeries in a Single Institution in Ethiopia: Results of a Pilot 12-Month Experience and Implications for Introduction into Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Wondimu Gudu, Bereket Berhane, Tadesse Urgie, Bethel Dereje, Biruk Gashawbeza, Abraham Fessehaye, Malede Birrara, Adugnaw Atnafu, Meron Berhanu","doi":"10.1097/PGP.0000000000001136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PGP.0000000000001136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intraoperative frozen section provides surgeons with information that guides them to perform the most reasonable procedure. The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of FS and share the experience of establishing FS services for implementation in similar low- and middle-income countries. This pilot study was conducted between January 2022 and December 2022, including women who underwent gynecologic surgeries, using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed with SPSS 23.1, and tables were employed for data presentation. The overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of frozen section analysis were calculated, and the experiences of establishing frozen section services are shared. Seventy-six frozen section samples were sent for histopathology analysis. Seventy (92%) cases comprised adnexal lesions, 3 (4%) cases represented uterine lesions, and 3 (4%) cases were lymph nodes. Most (70%) of the ovarian samples were reported as benign, and 18 (26%) as malignant. One of the 3 uterine samples was reported as sarcoma, and 2 of the lymph nodes as secondary malignancy. The overall accuracy of frozen section for the detection of any benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian neoplasms was 90%. The average turnaround time was 25 min and was more than 30 min in 39% of cases. Although FS pathology helped avoid unnecessary extensive surgeries in some patients, it was inappropriately utilized in 30% of the cases, and mechanisms to address discrepant results and assuring quality were not robust. The overall accuracy of the frozen section was comparable to most international data, demonstrating its feasibility and practicality in low-resource settings. However, quality improvement mechanisms should be thoroughly considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":14001,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fumarate Hydratase-deficient Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: A 6-Year Prospective Analysis of Morphology-based Screening and Patient Outcomes.","authors":"Tong Sun, Na Niu, Claire Healy, Heba Abdelal, Minhua Wang, Pei Hui, Natalia Buza","doi":"10.1097/PGP.0000000000001134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PGP.0000000000001134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline fumarate hydratase (FH) pathogenic variants (PVs), characterized by cutaneous leiomyomas, early-onset uterine leiomyomas, and aggressive papillary renal cell carcinoma. While FH-deficient (FH-d) uterine leiomyomas have been proposed as a screening tool for identifying patients, prospective studies remain limited. Over a 6-yr study period, 1838 uterine smooth muscle tumors (uSMTs) were evaluated at our institution and prospectively screened for FH-d morphologic features. Seventy-one tumors (3.9%) showed features suggestive of FH-deficiency, prompting FH immunohistochemistry (IHC), which confirmed FH loss in 41 cases (58%). Among 41 patients with FH-d tumors, the median patient age was 43 yr, and most underwent hysterectomy for symptomatic leiomyomas, abnormal vaginal bleeding, or pelvic pain. Thirty-six patients (88%) had 2 or more leiomyomas, while 5 had a single tumor. The cohort included 39 FH-d leiomyomas, 1 uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), and 1 FH-d adenomyoma, a previously unreported entity. Genetic counseling was offered to 36 of 41 (88%) patients. Fifteen patients declined testing or did not follow up with the genetic counseling appointment. Among 19 patients tested for FH and other hereditary cancer-related genes, 5 (26%) had FH germline pathogenic mutations, and 1 patient had a variant of unknown significance. Pelvic MRI in mutation carriers showed no abnormalities. In conclusion, FH-d uSMTs represented 2.2% of all uSMTs in our series. A combined morphologic and IHC screening approach can effectively identify patients at risk for HLRCC, facilitating genetic counseling and family screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":14001,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichomonas Vaginalis-Associated Chronic Cervicitis May Imitate p16 Negative Cervical HPV-Independent Squamous Cell Carcinoma Precursor Lesions in Menopausal Women.","authors":"Ondrej Ondič, Jana Rampalová, Boris Rychlý, Kateřina Černá, Alexej Fedorňák","doi":"10.1097/PGP.0000000000001072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PGP.0000000000001072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14001,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant Glomus Tumor of the Uterus With Cyclin D1 Expression and CARMN::NOTCH2 Fusion.","authors":"Fanping Li, Jiao Meng, Bin Chang","doi":"10.1097/PGP.0000000000001088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PGP.0000000000001088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glomus tumors of the female genital tract are rare, and to our knowledge, malignant glomus tumors (MGTs) of the female genital tract have not been previously reported. The diagnosis of MGTs is challenging, given their morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap with other common uterine mesenchymal tumors, especially in the absence of classic benign glomus tumor components. Here, we report a case involving a 34-year-old woman with uterine MGT that was positive for smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, cyclin D1, and synaptophysin, and negative for desmin. CARMN::NOTCH2 fusion was identified using hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing. The presence of CARMN::NOTCH2 fusion combined with supportive immunohistochemical and morphologic features validated the diagnosis of MGT. The patient underwent 4 courses of chemotherapy with ifosfamide and pirarubicin. She had no evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis at 20 months, as confirmed at the latest follow-up visit. The findings from this case highlight the morphologic and immunohistochemical features that are diagnostic of this rare uterine tumor. Furthermore, this report summarizes the morphologic criteria for malignancy and the key points for its differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14001,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian Teratomas Unveiled: Pathologists' Curiosity Reveals Intriguing Associations in the Enigmatic Realm.","authors":"Anjali Gupta, Nalini Gupta, Radhika Srinivasan, Bhavana Rai, Tulika Singh, Parikshaa Gupta, Manish Rohilla, Reetu Kundu, Vanita Jain","doi":"10.1097/PGP.0000000000001133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PGP.0000000000001133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mature and immature teratomas can coexist with other tumor types and they may undergo malignant change in any one of their elements. In the present study, we present our institutional experience of these rare associations with teratomas. This was a retrospective study over a period of 10 years (January 2014 to December 2023) on histopathologically diagnosed cases of ovarian teratomas. The clinicopathologic features of malignant transformation (MT), other associations, as well as co-existing tumors with ovarian teratomas were analyzed. There was a total of 602 (21%) ovarian teratomas out of all ovarian tumors (n=2858) reported during the study period. In all, 41/602(6.8%) cases were immature teratomas with the presence of gliomatosis peritonei in 7 cases. Mature cystic teratoma (MCT) cases also had gliomatosis peritonei (n=9) along with nodal gliomatosis in 3 cases. Neoplasms arising in teratomas (n=6) included carcinoid tumor (n=2), small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (n=1), mucinous adenocarcinoma (n=2), and low-grade mucinous neoplasm of the appendix present within the teratoma (n=1). Of a total of 18 cases of struma ovarii, one case each of papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma was seen. Squamous cell carcinoma (n=4) was the commonest malignant transformation noted. Growing teratoma syndrome (n=4) and NMDA-associated encephalitis (n=3) associated with teratoma were also seen. Neoplasms/conditions co-existing with teratomas in the same ovary (n=9) included mucinous cystadenoma (n=1), serous cystadenofibroma (n=1), high-grade serous carcinoma (n=1), fibrothecoma (n=2), hydatid cyst (n=1), sclerosing stromal tumor (n=1), adult granulosa cell tumor (n=1), and metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma (n=1). Although the clinical course of MCT is typically indolent, pathologists should be aware of malignant transformation and other rare co-existing entities, highlighting the importance of adequate sampling of the tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14001,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphovascular Space Invasion in Cervical Cancer: A Review of Clinical Significance and Pathologic Issues.","authors":"Simona Stolnicu, Karen L Talia, Natalie Banet, W Glenn McCluggage, David Cibula","doi":"10.1097/PGP.0000000000001135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PGP.0000000000001135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is defined as tumor cells within blood vessels or lymphatic endothelial-lined spaces and, until recently, its prognostic significance in cervical cancer was somewhat controversial and less well studied than for some other tumor types in the female genital tract. Based on the available literature, there is now strong evidence that LVSI is not only a significant prognostic factor, especially in early-stage cervical cancers (squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas), but is also a predictive factor for lymph node metastases. Consequently, while LVSI does not impact FIGO or TNM staging, its presence should be recorded in the pathology report and considered in management decisions regarding adjuvant treatment, as suggested by various international guidelines. More recently, the extent of LVSI (substantial vs. focal vs. negative) has been demonstrated to predict survival in cervical cancer, although this is an area where more study is required both to determine whether substantial LVSI is of prognostic significance and to ascertain the optimal definition of substantial LVSI. LVSI can be diagnosed on routine microscopic examination without ancillary tests in most cases and thus can be reported even in low-resource settings. There are, however, various pathologic issues both in diagnosing and quantifying LVSI, with no universal recommendations. In this review, we examine the significance of LVSI in cervical cancer in terms of prognostication and in dictating the need for adjuvant treatment. We also discuss practical issues related to the pathologic reporting of LVSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":14001,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) Immunohistochemistry is Sensitive and Specific for Differentiating Retroperitoneal Leiomyosarcomas With Symplastic-like Features From Their Uterine Mimics.","authors":"Jin Xu, Paul S Weisman","doi":"10.1097/PGP.0000000000001132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PGP.0000000000001132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have evaluated the utility of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) immunohistochemistry (IHC) in differentiating uterine versus extrauterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS). At best, these studies have shown only modest sensitivity and specificity for these markers in this context. In our own practice, we have noticed that retroperitoneal LMS, such as those arising in the wall of the inferior vena cava, frequently exhibit a remarkable resemblance not to uterine LMS, but rather to uterine leiomyomas (LM) with bizarre nuclei, formerly known as symplastic LM. This includes areas with bland nuclear cytology, punctuated by the presence of cells with large bizarre nuclei but a paradoxically low mitotic index. We refer to these areas in retroperitoneal LMS as \"symplastic-like.\" It has been our experience that these \"symplastic-like\" areas are frequently the predominant or exclusive component in small core biopsies of retroperitoneal LMS, even when the resection of these tumors reveals the presence of more conventional high-grade LMS morphology. In female patients, symplastic-like morphology in a smooth muscle tumor at an intra-abdominal site raises the possibility of iatrogenic dissemination of a uterine LM with bizarre nuclei from a prior myomectomy or morcellation procedure. We hypothesized that negative staining for ER and PR by IHC could effectively exclude a uterine origin, given the high sensitivity of these markers for all variants of uterine LM. After successfully using ER and PR IHC in our clinical practice on a few index cases, we decided to study a larger cohort of carefully selected cases to systematically determine the sensitivity and specificity of these markers in this very specific context. Confining our search to include only female patients, we identified 8 cases of retroperitoneal LMS that had been confirmed radiologically, intraoperatively and/or histologically to originate from a retroperitoneal source and 6 cases of uterine-based LM with bizarre nuclei, all diagnosed at our institution over an 8-year period. We tested only whole slides for ER and PR IHC. ER and PR were both completely negative in all 8 cases of retroperitoneal LMS and were both strongly expressed in all 6 cases of LM with bizarre nuclei. In conclusion, despite conflicting data in the literature regarding the utility of ER and PR in distinguishing uterine versus extrauterine smooth muscle tumors, we endorse the use of these markers for the specific distinction of retroperitoneal LMS with symplastic-like features from disseminated uterine LM with bizarre nuclei in female patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14001,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walthard Cell Nests/Transitional Cell Metaplasia in Distal Fallopian Tubes and Pelvic Peritoneum Derived From Reserve Cells.","authors":"Uiree Jo, Chang Ohk Sung, Kyu-Rae Kim","doi":"10.1097/PGP.0000000000001085","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PGP.0000000000001085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transitional cell metaplasia (TCM) resembling benign urothelium is commonly seen around the distal fallopian tube and/or neighboring mesothelial surface; however, its histogenesis remains largely unknown. We observed the emergence of a cytokeratin (CK) 17-positive reserve cell layer in early TCM foci beneath the tubal epithelium, leading us to hypothesize that TCM could be derived from reserve cells. To elucidate the histogenetic process of TCM, we analyzed the histomorphologic features and immunoprofiles for CK17, CK5/6, p63, GATA-3, estrogen receptor (ER), and androgen receptor (AR) in TCM foci arising in the tubal epithelium (31 foci) and pelvic mesothelium (35 foci). Overall, the histologic features and immunoprofiles of TCM in the tubal epithelium and pelvic mesothelium were similar, but distinct differences appeared during TCM development. A single-layered CK17-expressing reserve cells became apparent beneath the tubal epithelium, and the CK17 expression disappeared as these cells multiplied. In contrast, a short segment of normal mesothelium next to the tubo-peritoneal junction expressed CK17 even before the emergence of a single-layered reserve cells beneath the mesothelium, suggesting a potential reserve/stem cell function within the mesothelium itself. Then, the single-layered cells in both areas multiplied and differentiated to display urothelial characteristics, including nuclear grooves and clear cytoplasm. Strong CK5/6, p63, and GATA-3 expression appeared in the single-layered reserve cell stage and was maintained thereafter to the fully differentiated TCM. AR was expressed in both normal tubal epithelium and pelvic mesothelium, and the intensity of AR and ER were reciprocal during the entire histogenetic process of TCM in most reserve cell-derived populations (98.5%), AR expression being significantly stronger than ER. The histogenesis of TCM was initiated from the emergence of reserve cells beneath the tubal epithelium and pelvic mesothelium, which then multiplied and differentiated into urothelium. AR might have an important role during the histogenesis of TCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":14001,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"430-435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Maternal-Fetal Interface Fibrin Deposition and Expression of FGL2 in the Placenta of Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction.","authors":"Qihui Chen, Donglu Li, Yushuang Zheng, Xinran Li, Lu Wang, Wangzhi Li, Zheyu Lu, Fan Wang, Lingling Zhou","doi":"10.1097/PGP.0000000000001095","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PGP.0000000000001095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to assess fibrin deposition in placentas of patients with preeclampsia (PE) with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and the relationship with fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2). In this case-control study, pregnant women with PE (n=48), PE with FGR (n=44), FGR (n=43), and healthy pregnant women (n=43) at term gestation were recruited. We compared the baseline characteristics, blood coagulation parameters, and placenta characteristics. Masson's trichrome staining was used to categorize 2 types of fibrinoid. FGL2 expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The PE+FGR placentas showed more obvious fetal and maternal vascular malperfusion and maternal-fetal interface fibrin deposition when compared with the others. Increased fibrin-type and matrix-type fibrinoids were found in the placenta of the PE+FGR group when compared with the controls. FGL2 was localized in the junction of these 2 types of fibrinoid, as well as extravillous trophoblastic layers and decidual stromal cells. The PE+FGR group had significantly lower FGL2 expression levels. Placental vascular malperfusion with massive maternal-fetal interface fibrin deposition was found in PE with FGR. We report the characteristic colocalization of 2 types of placental fibrinoid deposition and FGL2 immunoreactivity and, therefore, help in elucidating the mechanisms in the pathology of PE with FGR.</p>","PeriodicalId":14001,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"436-444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12337937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sclerosis in Metastatic Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor: Diagnostic Dilemma Presented by Unusual Morphology.","authors":"Li Lei, Omonigho Aisagbonhi","doi":"10.1097/PGP.0000000000001098","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PGP.0000000000001098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors (UTROSCT) are rare neoplasms that typically follow a benign course. However, metastasis occurs in rare cases and features associated with poor outcomes are only recently being described. These include: size >5 cm, at least moderate cytologic atypia, >3 mitosis per 10 high-powered fields, infiltrative borders, necrosis, GREB1 rearrangements, ESR1 rearrangements, and NCOA2/3 fusions. To our knowledge, prominent sclerosis has not been described in UTROSCT, nor has it been associated with an increased risk of metastasis. We present the case of a 51-yr-old woman with UTROSCT with corded/trabecular growth and sclerosis. The presence of sclerosis resulted in the misdiagnosis of her uterine tumor as leiomyoma and her lung metastasis as sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. The correct diagnosis of UTROSCT with lung metastasis was reached upon a morphologic comparison of the primary and metastatic tumors and the performance of a broad panel of immunohistochemical stains revealing the tumor to be CD99, CD56, ER, and inhibin positive and negative for rearrangements in 138 targeted genes, including genes commonly described as rearranged in endometrial stromal sarcomas, Ewing sarcoma and sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. The panel did not include GREB1 or ESR or NCOA3 , but NCOA1/2 rearrangements were not detected. Our case highlights the diagnostic dilemma introduced by the presence of sclerosis in UTROSCT. We suspect prominent sclerosis may be another feature predictive of malignant potential in UTROSCT.</p>","PeriodicalId":14001,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"457-460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12337943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}