International Journal of Infection最新文献_第5页

Post-COVID-19 Massive Hemoptysis and Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Report 新冠肺炎后大咯血合并消化道出血1例报告

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.5812/IJI.110694

Gholamreza Soleimani, S. Yaghoubi, Elham Shafighi Shahri

引用次数: 0

Response of Group B Streptococcus to the Combination of Gold Nanoparticles-Erythromycin as a Nanoweapon B族链球菌对纳米金颗粒-红霉素复合纳米武器的反应

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2021-05-22 DOI: 10.5812/IJI.113204

L. Fozouni, Prastoo Vaezi, A. Ahani Azari

{"title":"Response of Group B Streptococcus to the Combination of Gold Nanoparticles-Erythromycin as a Nanoweapon","authors":"L. Fozouni, Prastoo Vaezi, A. Ahani Azari","doi":"10.5812/IJI.113204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJI.113204","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes a wide range of adverse effects in both mothers and infants during pregnancy and after delivery. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of erythromycin either alone or in combination with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the clinical GBS isolated from pregnant women. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 106 women aged 16 - 48 years. After identification of GBS strains by phenotypic and genotypic methods (PCR), erythromycin-resistant isolates were identified using the Kirby-Bauer test and broth microdilution method according to CLSI-2015 guidelines. The antibacterial properties and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of erythromycin (either alone or combined with AuNPs) were assessed by the agar well-diffusion and broth microdilution methods, respectively. Results: The frequency of GBS isolates was significantly high in the pregnant women aged less than 40 years (73.9%) (P = 0.0251), those with a history of abortion (60.9%) (P = 0.038), and residents of rural areas (60%) (P = 0.038). Moreover, 65.2% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin. The MIC of AuNPs-erythromycin combination required to inhibit the growth of 50% of GBS isolates (MIC50 = 0.25 μg/mL) was significantly lower than the concentration of AuNP-erythromycin required to inhibit the growth of 90% of the isolates (MIC90 = 1 μg/mL) (P = 0.02), indicating a 16-fold lower dose than the values for erythromycin and AuNPs alone. In the agar well-diffusion method, the average diameter of the growth inhibition zone of AuNPs-erythromycin was 2.5-fold greater than that of free erythromycin (P = 0.037). Conclusions: The results showed that the combination of erythromycin with AuNPs increased the antibacterial effects of erythromycin against GBS isolates.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89090071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evaluation of Drug Resistance Before and After Biofilm Formation of Bacteria Causing Wound Infection and Detection of Their Protease Activity 创面感染细菌生物膜形成前后的耐药性评价及蛋白酶活性检测

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.5812/IJI.108247

Tasnuba Tabassum Proma, T. Ahmed

{"title":"Evaluation of Drug Resistance Before and After Biofilm Formation of Bacteria Causing Wound Infection and Detection of Their Protease Activity","authors":"Tasnuba Tabassum Proma, T. Ahmed","doi":"10.5812/IJI.108247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJI.108247","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Wound infection is a highly common problem in hospital settings, where microbes are often resistant and difficult to treat due to rapid exposure to antibiotics. While treating wound infection, bacteria often enter the deep tissue; as therapy needs long exposure time, bacteria have sufficient time to develop biofilm, which makes them much more resistant to antibiotics. Objectives: The current study was performed to identify wound-infecting bacteria and determine their protease production activity. Methods: The ability to produce biofilm was evaluated by the Congo red agar and tube methods. Antibiotic resistance pattern was assessed before and after biofilm formation to detect the changes in resistance due to biofilm formation. Results: We identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Corynebacteriumxerosis., Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacterspp., Klebsiellapneumonia, Staphylococcus spp., Shigella spp., and Salmonella spp. in 20 wound samples, among which about 10 isolates were found to be biofilm producers. Almost all the biofilm producers showed complete resistance or a much smaller inhibition zone. Conclusions: Pathogenic bacteria can be more difficult to eradicate by antibiotic treatment if they are able to produce biofilm; thus, it is essential to prevent biofilm formation.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88459287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Antimalarial Drug Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa: The Need for Novel Drug Treatments 非洲恶性疟原虫的抗疟药物耐药性：需要新型药物治疗

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.5812/IJI.113088

Emmanuel Ebuka Elebesunu, John Sunday Uhuo, Precious Ihechiluru Sylvanus

引用次数: 1

COVID-19 and Increasing Risk of Antimicrobial Resistance COVID-19 和抗菌药耐药性风险的增加

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.5812/IJI.111443

Sama Rahnemayan, H. Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo, S. Sanaie, R. Ghotaslou

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 Associated Mesenteric Ischemia in a Patient from Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Case Report 伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区杜霍克市1例患者COVID-19相关肠系膜缺血病例报告

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.5812/IJI.111246

Dildar H. Musa, N. Hussein, Nashwan Ibrahim, Z. S. M. Saleem, I. Naqid

引用次数: 3

A Systematic Review of Treatment Strategies Including Future Novel Therapies in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever 克里米亚-刚果出血热治疗策略及未来新疗法的系统综述

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2021-04-28 DOI: 10.5812/IJI.113427

H. Kouhpayeh

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Treatment Strategies Including Future Novel Therapies in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever","authors":"H. Kouhpayeh","doi":"10.5812/IJI.113427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJI.113427","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute fetal illness the case fatality rate (CFR), which without treatment is between 26% to more than 80%. Despite the administration of ribavirin as a specific antiviral drug for the treatment of CCHF from many years ago, its clinical efficacy is still controversial. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of ribavirin, favipiravir, and other treatment options for CCHF, including steroids, immunoglobulin, etc. Method: This systematic review included 31 articles, three factsheet from WHO, CDC, and ECDC, two editorial letters, and two textbooks from 2002 to 2020. The following databases were searched: Google Scholar, PubMed, Medscape, Cochrane, WHO, CDC, and ECDC. Results: The selected results of the above articles were concentrated on the different options of supportive treatment, including steroids, immunoglobulin, etc., as well as the efficacy of antiviral drugs, especially ribavirin and favipiravir. While some studies confirmed the clinical efficacy of ribavirin in the treatment of CCHF, some other studies did not confirm its efficacy. All studies justified that supportive therapies are the mainstay of treatment. Conclusions: The cornerstone of therapy of CCHF is supportive treatment. The clinical efficacy of ribavirin for CCHF treatment is questionable, and further randomized case-control clinical trials are required to confirm and recommend it for CCHF treatment. Also, other treatment strategies, including administration of steroids, immunoglobulin, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) require more conclusive data. The promising antiviral drug for CCHF treatment is favipiravir.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91422567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Modeling Study of the Respiratory System for an Early Intervention of COVID-19 and Its Transmission 呼吸系统模型对COVID-19早期干预及其传播的影响

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.5812/IJI.110410

Bijan Hejazi, K. Hejazi

{"title":"A Modeling Study of the Respiratory System for an Early Intervention of COVID-19 and Its Transmission","authors":"Bijan Hejazi, K. Hejazi","doi":"10.5812/IJI.110410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJI.110410","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most challenging aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is that a newly infected individual shows diagnosable symptoms, such as body temperature (Tb) rise, several days after contracting the disease. In the early phase of infection (i.e., incubation period), an undiagnosed and unaware individual can spread the virus to others. The fastest and most efficient route of COVID-19 transmission is the respiratory system. Therefore, developing a model of the respiratory system to predict changes in the lung performance upon COVID-19 infection is useful for early diagnosis and intervention during the incubation period. Objectives: This modeling study aimed to evaluate the respiratory system to present an early intervention for COVID-19 and its transmission. Methods: A simple model was developed by performing mass and energy balances on the lungs; it was simulated by the Aspen HYSYS chemical process simulator. Results: To compensate for the virus-infected lung inefficiency, the O2 concentration increased in the exhaled air at the cost of decreased CO2 concentration. Contrary to previous findings on the reduced stability of coronavirus in hot and humid environments, it was found that very hot and humid environments promote the viral transmission rate because of the direct heat transfer to the body via respiration and condensation of water vapor that may cause infection in the respiratory tract. Conclusions: Our model revealed that measurement of O2 or CO2 composition of exhaled gas, using a non-invasive and inexpensive device at home, allows for the early diagnosis of infection and its prevention. This study also aimed to highlight the actual effects of high temperature and high relative humidity (RH) on increasing the virus transmission rates, as opposed to the generally accepted hypothesis of decreased coronavirus stability under these conditions.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79930017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women and Non-Pregnant Female Volunteers in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria 尼日利亚河州哈科特港孕妇和非孕妇志愿者的弓形虫病

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.5812/IJI.110598

E. Onosakponome, A. Abah, M. Wogu

{"title":"Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women and Non-Pregnant Female Volunteers in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"E. Onosakponome, A. Abah, M. Wogu","doi":"10.5812/IJI.110598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJI.110598","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite, and is among the diseases generally referred to as neglected tropical disease (NTD). It can be a reason for impulsive abortion in pregnant women or hereditary chorioretinitis in neonates. Objectives: The present study examined seroprevalence and related risk issues of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women (PTW) and non-pregnant females (NPF) of two health facilities in Port Harcourt. Methods: Venous blood was collected from 380 women and analyzed by immunodiagnostic techniques using ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay) IgG and IgM tests and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire on the socio-demographic risk issues linked with toxoplasmosis. Results: Among the study population, PTW and NPF had seroprevalence of 33.0% and 19.4%, respectively (P < 0.05). PTW recorded a higher overall seroprevalence than NPF with 16.1%, 1.3%, and 8.4%, 0.8% for Toxoplasma gondii ELISA IgG, and IgM tests, respectively. IgM-positive cases were all authenticated by the real-time PCR technique and were all negative. Age group 35-39 years had the highest IgG seroprevalence of 24.3% for PTW, while the age group > 40 years had the highest IgG seroprevalence of 18.2% for NPF. Traders recorded the uppermost seroprevalence of 20.9% and 2.6% for IgG and IgM among PTW, respectively, while teachers and traders recorded the maximum seroprevalence of 15.6% and 1.7% for IgG and IgM among NPF, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was no association between the age group, occupation, trimester, and toxoplasmosis. Conclusions: The toxoplasmosis was significantly high in pregnant women. It is recommended that Toxoplasma gondii tests should be included as a routine test during antenatal.","PeriodicalId":13989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72847651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vitamin D Double-edged Sword Against COVID-19 抗击 COVID-19 的维生素 D 双刃剑

International Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2021-04-17 DOI: 10.5812/IJI.109043

F. Pouya, Yousef Rasmi, M. Nemati, E. Asl

引用次数: 1