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The Role of Children in the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, a Shifting Paradigm 儿童在SARS-CoV-2传播中的作用:一种转变的范式
IF 0.5
Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001297
A. Arguedas, D. Swerdlow, D. Curcio
{"title":"The Role of Children in the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, a Shifting Paradigm","authors":"A. Arguedas, D. Swerdlow, D. Curcio","doi":"10.1097/ipc.0000000000001297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0000000000001297","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pediatric populations contribute to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission through a combination of exposure, susceptibility, and transmissibility. In this narrative review, SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is assessed to ascertain their role in transmission, by considering the characteristics of pediatric populations regarding their exposure and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19, and their transmission of the virus. A series of PubMed searches were conducted between November 2020 and February 2023 to identify articles describing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in children. The literature suggests that schools are key areas of exposure of children and adolescents to SARS-CoV-2, which contributed to school closures to mitigate spread and break transmission chains. However, the effectiveness of these measures is debated. Although SARS-CoV-2 appeared to infect children and adolescents less frequently than adults early in the pandemic, infection rates have risen considerably among the pediatric population with the emergence of variants of concern. Compared with adults and populations at high risk, children generally have a milder course of disease. The predominant role of children in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is thought to involve household and school settings, although the relative contribution of each to transmission is questioned. Through their exposure, susceptibility, and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, children and adolescents are a key population contributing to the transmission of the virus. Our continued and evolving understanding of the role of children in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has important implications to define appropriate preventive and therapeutic strategies for the pediatric population and the wider community.","PeriodicalId":13952,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43856045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prolonged Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Detection in a Case of Infantile Infectious Mononucleosis 1例婴儿传染性单核细胞增多症的延长eb病毒DNA检测
IF 0.5
Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001288
Masayuki Sato, Tsunehisa Nagamori, Kengo Izumi, Hironori Takahashi, Hiromi Manabe, Genya Taketazu, M. Shirai
{"title":"Prolonged Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Detection in a Case of Infantile Infectious Mononucleosis","authors":"Masayuki Sato, Tsunehisa Nagamori, Kengo Izumi, Hironori Takahashi, Hiromi Manabe, Genya Taketazu, M. Shirai","doi":"10.1097/ipc.0000000000001288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0000000000001288","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a relatively common disease in adolescents and children. There have been few reports on serial changes in EBV DNA load in IM infants, and we herein describe the precise clinical course as well as the kinetics of EBV DNA load in a case of infantile IM. An 11-month-old girl presented with persistent fever, splenomegaly, and rash and was diagnosed with IM on the basis of her EBV DNA load despite the absence of a significant increase in anti–viral capsid antigen-IgM. The result of a cytomegalovirus antigenemia assay was also positive during the acute phase, but this quickly changed to negative. However, despite the spontaneous resolution of symptoms and seroconversion, the EBV DNA load result remained positive for more than 1 year. Although the potential impact from cytomegalovirus infection is uncertain, we speculate that prolonged EBV DNA load may occur in immunocompetent infantile IM patients.","PeriodicalId":13952,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43570861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shewanella algae, an Emerging Pathogen, Causing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Shewanella藻类，一种新出现的病原体，可引起皮肤和软组织感染
IF 0.5
Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001286
Sowmya Kalathuru, Aakriti Singla, Anil Kumar, A. Swami
{"title":"Shewanella algae, an Emerging Pathogen, Causing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections","authors":"Sowmya Kalathuru, Aakriti Singla, Anil Kumar, A. Swami","doi":"10.1097/ipc.0000000000001286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0000000000001286","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Shewanella species, gram-negative saprophytic bacteria, are frequently found in warmer marine environments and soil. Among the Shewanella genus, Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens cause human infections, with S. algae being more common. Shewanella species are opportunistic bacteria and are being identified as potential pathogens causing wide range of illnesses in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Diagnosis can be difficult because of limited awareness and microbiologic data. However, high index of clinical suspicion and history of recent exposure to marine environments can help in facilitating early diagnosis. Delay may lead to sepsis and multiorgan failure. Infections can be identified in cases without exposure to aquatic environments, as seen in our case. A 39-year-old man with no marine exposure presented with progressively worsening lower extremity cellulitis with positive wound cultures for S. algae. We aim to increase awareness of this rare emerging pathogen so that treatment can be tailored rapidly and appropriately.","PeriodicalId":13952,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44744198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bartonella henselae Infection With Concurrent Latent Syphilis in a Patient With Unexplained Generalized Lymphadenopathy 一例不明原因的广泛性淋巴结病患者并发潜伏性梅毒的汉塞尔巴尔杆菌感染
IF 0.5
Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001282
Shannon Ying Gui, O. Mourad, Andrew K. Kapoor
{"title":"Bartonella henselae Infection With Concurrent Latent Syphilis in a Patient With Unexplained Generalized Lymphadenopathy","authors":"Shannon Ying Gui, O. Mourad, Andrew K. Kapoor","doi":"10.1097/ipc.0000000000001282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0000000000001282","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Unexplained lymphadenopathy is a common clinical presentation. It has a wide differential diagnosis including infectious, malignant, lymphoproliferative, and autoimmune causes. We describe an unusual case of generalized lymphadenopathy in the setting of initial seropositivity for syphilis but a lack of response to appropriate treatment. Bartonella henselae serology was sent, given specific exposure history, and returned as positive and, with the development of ocular symptoms consistent with ocular bartonellosis, solidified a diagnosis of cat scratch disease with concurrent latent syphilis. In many cases where the etiology is not immediately evident or there exist conflicting diagnostic testing results, clinicians should identify the relevant infectious workup based on a systematic approach to history-taking to balance the risk of missing diagnoses and overdiagnosis.","PeriodicalId":13952,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42602942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Case of Helicobacter heilmannii Gastritis in a Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus 人类免疫缺陷病毒患者并发海曼螺杆菌胃炎1例
IF 0.5
Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001287
M. Granger, Sheena M Knights
{"title":"A Case of Helicobacter heilmannii Gastritis in a Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus","authors":"M. Granger, Sheena M Knights","doi":"10.1097/ipc.0000000000001287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0000000000001287","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Helicobacter heilmannii is an uncommon Helicobacter that is a cause of gastritis in humans similar to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Treatment of H. heilmannii is not well studied, but traditional H. pylori regimens have shown success in case reports. Most case reports are in immunocompetent hosts, so little is known about the interplay between H. heilmannii and the immune system. We report a case of H. heilmannii infection in a patient with well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus infection who was treated with quadruple therapy (tetracycline, metronidazole, bismuth, and proton pump inhibitor) and had successful eradication of his infection.","PeriodicalId":13952,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45733806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical Outcomes of Ceftaroline Fosamil in the Treatment of Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia 头孢他林-福沙明治疗持续性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症的临床疗效
IF 0.5
Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001284
Rania M. El-Lababidi, Manal M. Abdelsalam, Amal Hassan, W. E. El Nekidy, Adnan A. Alatoom, A. Nusair
{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Ceftaroline Fosamil in the Treatment of Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia","authors":"Rania M. El-Lababidi, Manal M. Abdelsalam, Amal Hassan, W. E. El Nekidy, Adnan A. Alatoom, A. Nusair","doi":"10.1097/ipc.0000000000001284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0000000000001284","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Limited evidence exists in the management of persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia with ceftaroline as salvage therapy. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the use of ceftaroline as salvage therapy in the treatment of persistent MRSA bacteremia (MRSAB).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Electronic medical charts of patients who received ceftaroline for the treatment of persistent MRSAB at an academic, quaternary care medical center from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021, were reviewed for clinical cure, reinfection, prior antibiotic use, source of infection, microbiological culture clearance, patient mortality, and adverse effects. Primary endpoints included clinical and microbiological success, and secondary endpoints were recurrence of infection and 60-day all-cause mortality.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Nineteen patient charts were identified, and 9 patients met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Vancomycin or daptomycin was given for a median of 7 ± 2.3 days, respectively, before the initiation of ceftaroline. The total daily dose of ceftaroline ranged from 400 to 1800 mg depending on the patients' kidney function. Five patients achieved clinical cure and 4 patients died. No patients experienced a recurrence. Three patients (33%) experienced adverse effects while on ceftaroline therapy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The use of ceftaroline in persistent MRSAB demonstrated microbiological cure, clinical cure, and minimal reinfection in the reviewed patient population. Ceftaroline may be a potential treatment option for patients with persistent MRSAB as salvage therapy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13952,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42069756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clostridioides difficile Infections During the COVID-19 Pandemic 新冠肺炎大流行期间艰难梭菌感染
IF 0.5
Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001273
Abhimanyu Kaura, Daniel Stanton, A. Villasante-Tezanos, Debopriyo Halder, D. Reynoso
{"title":"Clostridioides difficile Infections During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Abhimanyu Kaura, Daniel Stanton, A. Villasante-Tezanos, Debopriyo Halder, D. Reynoso","doi":"10.1097/ipc.0000000000001273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0000000000001273","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To compare rates of prepandemic Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) during the COVID-19 pandemic and the rates of antibacterial use prepandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This was a retrospective data review.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study was performed at an academic medical center.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Patients were all adult patients admitted to the hospital between April 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019, who were tested for CDI and admitted in the same time frame in 2020, and who were tested for CDI were included in the study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Retrospective data analysis was conducted across 5 hospitals from April 1 to December 31, 2019 (prepandemic), and on the same dates in 2020 during the pandemic. The standardized infection ratio (SIR) for hospital-acquired CDI (HA-CDI) was calculated for both groups. The mean and normal distributions were calculated for all values in both the groups. The 2 groups were compared using unpaired t tests for continuous variables and χ\u0000 2 tests for discrete variables.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Thirty-six patients were diagnosed with HA-CDI before the pandemic (2019), and 45 patients during the pandemic (2020). The 2019 HA-CDI SIRs were 0.47 in 2019 and 0.56 in 2020. Days of therapy per 1000 patient-days of antibiotics increased from 337.1 to 364.6 (P = 0.0057). Analysis of 153 inpatients with diarrhea revealed no positive association between COVID and CDI.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 During the COVID-19 pandemic, empiric broad-spectrum antibacterial use increased in our system, as did HA-CDI SIR compared with the national standards. We did not observe a positive correlation between COVID-19 and CDI.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13952,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48045418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prophylactic Antibiotics and Short-term Infection Rates Related to Implantable Venous Ports 与植入式静脉端口相关的预防性抗生素和短期感染率
IF 0.5
Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001290
K. Cleveland, M. Gelfand
{"title":"Prophylactic Antibiotics and Short-term Infection Rates Related to Implantable Venous Ports","authors":"K. Cleveland, M. Gelfand","doi":"10.1097/ipc.0000000000001290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0000000000001290","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13952,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44575768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome Associated With a New Diagnosis of HIV 阿片阵挛肌阵挛综合征与HIV新诊断的相关性
IF 0.5
Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001275
Andrea Molin, Daniel Tsang, Brooke Hirsch, Devin M Weber
{"title":"Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome Associated With a New Diagnosis of HIV","authors":"Andrea Molin, Daniel Tsang, Brooke Hirsch, Devin M Weber","doi":"10.1097/ipc.0000000000001275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0000000000001275","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by rapid saccadic eye movements, focal myoclonus, and gait disturbances. Both neoplastic and infectious processes have been found to be associated with OMS. In this report, we present a case of OMS in the setting of a new diagnosis of HIV. After diagnosis, the patient was initiated on antiretroviral therapy in addition to clonazepam with some improvement in her neurological symptoms. It was not until she was started on prednisone as an outpatient that her symptoms completely resolved and she returned to her functional baseline.","PeriodicalId":13952,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45627224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Telemedicine Reduces No-Show Rate in HIV and Infectious Disease Clinic During COVID 在新冠肺炎期间，远程医疗降低了艾滋病毒和传染病诊所的未就诊率
IF 0.5
Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001278
T. Louie, Nurhan Calisir
{"title":"Telemedicine Reduces No-Show Rate in HIV and Infectious Disease Clinic During COVID","authors":"T. Louie, Nurhan Calisir","doi":"10.1097/ipc.0000000000001278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0000000000001278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13952,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44759072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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