International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science最新文献

{"title":"Exploration of an atomic-scale boron additive in SiAlON ceramics","authors":"Kade A. McGarrity,&nbsp;Priyatham Tumurugoti,&nbsp;Kaijie Ning,&nbsp;Christy George,&nbsp;Yonggang Yan,&nbsp;Kun Wang,&nbsp;Holly Shulman","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>SiAlON ceramics are of interest for high-risk applications such as biomedical implants and combustion engine turbines. This work is part of a larger study aimed at leveraging atomic- or molecular-scale additives to control the densification, microstructures, and ultimate structural properties of SiAlONs. Here, we investigate the effects of boron in silicon nitride-based ceramics. The present work demonstrates a possible chemical method for controlling the microstructural development of SiAlONs by incorporating boric acid (H₃BO₃) into the starting powder blend. Raman spectroscopy and ¹¹B solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance cooperatively indicate that after sintering, boron exists in threefold coordination with nitrogen in the turbostratic boron nitride (t-BN) structure. The results of this work indicate that the incorporation of boron and generation of t-BN bonding in the SiAlON system result in a narrower grain size distribution, a suppression of second phases such as yttrium aluminosilicates, and ultimately, increased flexure strength. A separate fractographic study showed that SiAlONs fabricated with 3 wt% boric acid exhibited fracture origins such as subtle surface flaws or cracks, while lower dopant levels and undoped SiAlONs typically failed from flaws such as inclusions or large grains. It is argued that the modification of the intergranular glass chemistry and resulting generation of t-BN reduces atomic diffusion through the grain boundary phase and inhibits the crystallization of second phases as well as exaggerated grain growth that often characterizes the development of β′-SiAlON.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140949326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of soda–lime silicate glass bottles to support recycling efforts","authors":"Katy S. Gerace,&nbsp;John C. Mauro","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10217","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10217","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2022, 150 million tons of glass was produced globally, and approximately 47% of that amount was glass hollowware for tableware and food, beverage, and cosmetics packaging. Glass is considered one of the most recyclable materials as its properties and performance do not degrade upon reheating and reforming; yet only 21% of global production is recycled. The most recycled type of glass is soda–lime silicate bottle glass based on its widespread availability and its ability to accommodate higher levels of contamination compared to flat glass and specialty glass. Bottle glass manufacturers melt glass batch that is 10%–60% recycled glass cullet, limited only by the availability of pristine glass cullet that is free of contaminants such as plastic, metal, and organic material. Increasing rates of recycled content in glass manufacturing is stymied by the lack of a supply chain to deliver high quality glass cullet to manufacturers, as well as risk of material incompatibility and contamination. In this work, post-consumer glass bottles of different colors, shapes, and brands were analyzed for chemical composition and thermal properties to quantify variation across five major color families: clear, blue, amber, forest green, and emerald green. This work shows that post-consumer bottles of different colors and brands can be remelted without risk of material incompatibility and presents various processing methods to control color homogeneity in glass produced exclusively from mixed color cullet from recycled glass bottles.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of calcium sulfoaluminate cements from rich-alumina bauxite and marble wastes: Physicochemical and microstructural characterization","authors":"Gaëlle Annick Nyonda Yanze,&nbsp;Achile Nana,&nbsp;Patrick Ninla Lemougna,&nbsp;Rodrigue Cyriaque Kaze,&nbsp;Sylvain Tome,&nbsp;Hubert Rahier,&nbsp;Elie Kamseu,&nbsp;Florence Uphie Chinje","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10216","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10216","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work discusses the effect of rich alumina bauxite on the mineralogical composition of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) clinker cement on their performances. After preparation of different local raw materials (rich alumina bauxite and marble), they were mixed with 15 wt% of commercial gypsum and pressed at 2 MPa. The obtained pellets were thermally treated at 1200°C to produce clinker, which is use to synthesize the CSA cements. The raw materials as well as products were characterized by many analyses, such as FT-IR, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)/thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), isothermal calorimetry (ICC), scanning electron microscope, and physico-mechanical tests. ICC analysis of the powder of clinker cement showed that the reactions are strongly affected by gypsum content. XRD results revealed that clinker and cement present a strong intensity of ye'elimite as main mineral phase. Moreover, the hydrated cement exhibited ettringite and monosulfate as the new phases formed. The compressive strength of hydrated cement reached ∼21 and 28 MPa after 1 and 28 days of curing, respectively. From the aforementioned results, this local rich alumina bauxite can be used to produce high-strength cement for self-leveling materials, which allow their use in engineering and building applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of alkali metal salt addition on disintegration of titania particles precipitated from tetraethyl orthotitanate in ethanol","authors":"Sebastian Zimmermann,&nbsp;Aaron Justin Koenig,&nbsp;Oliver Reich,&nbsp;Lena Bressel","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10215","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inline (or in situ) photon density wave spectroscopy was used to monitor the disintegration of secondary titania particles into their primary particles. Photon density wave spectroscopy can be applied to determine the reduced scattering coefficient <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>μ</mi>\u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 <mo>′</mo>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 <annotation>$mu _{mathrm{s}}^{prime}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> of a dispersion without dilution or calibration, and thus enables process analysis in materials that are usually unsuitable for established particle characterization techniques. In this work, amorphous titania particles were precipitated from tetraethyl orthotitanate in ethanol by addition of water in presence of different alkali metal salts (NaCl, KCl, CsCl, K₂SO₄) with concentrations between 0 and 1.6 mM. The present results suggest that the synthesized titania secondary particles disintegrate into their primary particles if the electrostatic repulsion between the primary particles is promoted. This can be achieved by an increased alkali chloride concentration in the synthesis or by addition of larger alkali metal ions. In contrast, the particles are only weakly charged upon addition of sulfate ions, and the disintegration stops. The conclusions drawn from photon density wave spectroscopy results are supported by gravimetric determination of the particle yield, dynamic light scattering measurements, zeta-potential measurements, and electron micrographs. Additionally, the disintegration was driven to completion by addition of hydrochloric acid to create a transparent suspension of titania primary particles as small as 4.7 nm.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of electrical polarization on thrombogenicity of titania nanotubes","authors":"Jyorthana Rajappa Muralidhar,&nbsp;Kabilan Sakthivel,&nbsp;Madanagurusamy Sridharan,&nbsp;Masanori Kikuchi","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10214","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10214","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of hemocompatible biomaterials with antithrombogenic surface coatings remains a challenge in cardiovascular applications. There is interest in negatively charged surfaces that inhibit thrombus formation through electrostatic repulsion between the biomaterial surface and negatively charged platelets. Hence, the present study investigated the influence of electrical polarization on the thrombogenicity of titania nanotubes (TNT), which are promising candidates for inhibiting thrombogenicity via surface modification. TNTs were formed on commercially pure titanium plate by the electrochemical anodization technique using platinum as a counter electrode at 60 V for 24 h with two kinds of electrolytes (hydrofluoric acid diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide [D-TNT] or ethylene glycol [E-TNT]) followed by an annealing at 540°C for 3 h in air. Both TNTs were mixture of anatase and rutile, and the D-TNT had a diameter of 108.76 ± 2.55 nm and the E-TNT, 53.833 ± 2.42 nm. The TNTs were electrically polarized at 100 V of DC field and 400°C for 1 h. Water contact angle measurements showed that the non-polarized (0-) TNT surface was hydrophilic whereas the positively (P-) or negatively (N-) polarized TNT surfaces showed high-hydrophilicity. Antithrombogenicity was evaluated using the thrombus coverage area ratio (TCAR) after soaking the TNTs in bovine whole blood. The TCARs for 0-polarized E- and D-TNTs were 5.30 ± 4.34% and 36.3 ± 5.8% and for P-polarized E-TNT and D-TNT were 1.50 ± 0.77% and 2.76 ± 1.07%, whereas no thrombus formation (0 ± 0%) for N-polarized E-TNT and very few thrombus formation (0.12 ± 0.22%) for N-polarized D-TNT. The electrostatic repulsion between the N-polarized E-TNTs and platelets completely inhibits thrombus formation, which cannot be achieved by the nanomorphology and high-hydrophilicity of other TNTs. Hence, N-TNTs formed by electrical polarization are potential candidates for cardiovascular devices, such as artificial heart valves with long-term hemocompatibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of biomimetic scaffold through hybrid forming technique","authors":"Dilek Celik,&nbsp;Cem Bulent Ustundag","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10210","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10210","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bone tissue engineering procedures require the use of a scaffold with a sufficiently porous structure, which serves as a three-dimensional template for cell attachment, followed by tissue regeneration and vascularization both in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to create scaffold material with a unique hybrid forming that met these parameters. Slip casting and freeze-drying processes were used with a hybrid forming approach to create a bone scaffold based on hydroxyapatite (HA) mimicking the structure of cortical and cancellous bones, respectively. HA was synthesized by the wet chemical precipitation method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, He Pycnometer, and scanning electron microscope analyses were performed to characterize the scaffold. According to analysis results, HA particle size was found at 137.8 nm. The optimum sintering temperature was determined to be 1300°C. The specific surface area of the HA powder was measured as 55.11 m²/g. The total open porosity of the hybrid scaffold was calculated as 70%. Scaffold successfully substituted both cancellous and cortical layers of bone regarding structural characteristics, porosity, and mechanical strength. Considering morphological characteristics, a hybrid scaffold might facilitate vascularization, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction. Research findings suggest that the hybrid design strongly resembled natural bone and is suitable for both load-bearing and non-bearing bones.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cation addition on silica scale on glass surfaces","authors":"Shogo Hayashi,&nbsp;Shota Hatano,&nbsp;Tomoki Kobayashi,&nbsp;Noritaka Saito,&nbsp;Kunihiko Nakashima","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10203","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mineral components in tap water generally contaminate sanitary ware. In this study, various cations (Mg, Ca, and Al) were added to an aqueous solution containing silica to prevent water stains on sanitary ware. The particle size in the aqueous solution was measured and observed to increase for all cations. To create artificial water stains, a solution containing the cations and silica was dropped onto glass and allowed to dry. When these water stains were removed by sliding, the removal rate was higher for the water stains that contained the cations. This trend was attributed to the formation of precipitates owing to the reaction of silica with the added cations in the aqueous solution. The formation of these precipitates possibly increased the particle size and brittleness of water stains owing to their sparse structure. These findings provide insights into silica-scale removal, which can improve the cleanliness of sanitary ware and reduce the frequency of maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of resin composition on cure depth, dimensional accuracy, and surface roughness in Al2O3 stereolithographic 3D printing","authors":"Eoin G. McAleer,&nbsp;Mustafa K. Alazzawi,&nbsp;Richard A. Haber,&nbsp;Enver Koray Akdoğan","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10212","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10212","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The choice of resin for ceramic stereolithographic 3D printing has a critical impact on printed ceramic preforms. In this study, we focused on the correlation between resin composition and parameters such as cure depth, surface morphology, lateral dimension, apparent layer height, and surface roughness. Special emphasis was placed on the addition of an oligomer and a plasticizing agent to a monomer-based suspension. Four suspensions were studied: a 100% monomer (ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate) only suspension (M100), a suspension with 25% by weight plasticizing agent (polyethylene glycol) (PEG25), and two different suspensions with oligomer (urethane methacrylate) added at 25% (O25) and 50% (O50) by weight. Constant energy and printing parameters were used between suspensions. Adding a plasticizing agent (PEG25) was found to increase the cure depth and projected image of the samples, while additional oligomer with both amounts (O25 and O50) resulted in a decrease in the same parameters. The suspensions with oligomer were found to have increased surface roughness measured using the average deviation from the profile height mean line (<i>R</i>_a), with O25 at 13.47 µm and O50 at 11.47 µm. All suspensions had negative values of skewness (<i>R</i>_sk) in the range –0.4 to –1.2. PEG25 had the surface most distinct from a normally distributed surface with an <i>R</i>_sk of –1.12 and a kurtosis (<i>R</i>_ku) value of 4.49. The use of the average length of a profile element (<i>R</i>_Sm) as a layer height estimation tool was explored and it was found that the <i>R</i>_Sm was within 10 µm of the printed layer height in all suspensions studied except for PEG25. This study highlights the importance of resin composition in ceramic stereolithographic 3D printing. Modulating the inclusion of a plasticizing agent and oligomer in the resin has significant effects on printed sample parameters such as cure depth and surface roughness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray computed tomography study of microstructure weakening by high-temperature hydrogen attack on refractories","authors":"Anita Razavi,&nbsp;Isabelle Henn,&nbsp;Almuth Sax,&nbsp;Peter Quirmbach","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10211","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ces2.10211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>X-ray computed tomography (XRT) is a three-dimensional (3D), non-destructive, and reproducible investigation method capable of visualizing and examining internal and external structures of components independent of the material and geometry. In this work, XRT with its unique abilities complements conventionally utilized examination methods for the investigation of microstructure weakening induced by hydrogen corrosion and furthermore provides a new approach to corrosion research. The motivation for this is the current inevitable transformation to hydrogen-based steel production. Refractories of the system Al₂O₃-SiO₂ are significant as lining materials. Two exemplary material types A and B, which differ mainly in their Al₂O₃:SiO₂ ratio, are examined here using XRT. Identical samples of the two materials are measured, analyzed, and then compared before and after the hydrogen attack. In this context, hydrogen corrosion-induced porosity and its spatial distribution and morphology are investigated. The results show that sample B has a higher resistance to hydrogen-induced attack than sample A. Furthermore, the 3D representation revealed a differential porosity increase within the microstructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcined schist as promising ordinary Portland cement substitution: C3","authors":"Pozhhan Mokhtari,&nbsp;Kosar Hassannezhad,&nbsp;Sorour Semsari Parapari,&nbsp;Yasemin Akyol,&nbsp;Mehmet Ali Gülgün,&nbsp;Waltraud M. Kriven","doi":"10.1002/ces2.10207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An effective method to make cement and concrete more sustainable is to blend them with the proper supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This study evaluates a pair of schist-type materials with slightly different phase compositions, as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Materials received from several mines in ground powder form were studied by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy. According to the TGA results, the activation procedures for the candidate SCMs were determined. The as-received powders were heat treated in three different decomposition regimes (30%, 50%, and 80% of the total weight losses during thermal decomposition). These regimes corresponded to the activation level of the potential SCMs due to the de-hydroxylation of the clay-type minerals within them. Pozzolanic reactivity (pozzolanicity) of untreated as well as treated powders were estimated via electrical conductivity measurements in saturated calcium hydroxide solution. Blended cement pastes with 30 wt.% of OPC substituted with calcined clay-type materials have developed mechanical properties equal to those of pure cement (100 wt.% OPC) paste after 28 days of hydration time. Two blended cement pastes prepared with candidate SCMs were compared to 100% OPC and OPC composite paste with metakaolin, which is regarded in the literature as a standard.</p>","PeriodicalId":13948,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ces2.10207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}