Hernán Guillen-Burgos, Sergio Moreno-Lopez, Kaleb Acevedo-Vergara, Manuel Pérez-Florez, Catherine Pachón-Garcia, Juan Francisco Gálvez-Flórez
{"title":"Risk of childhood trauma exposure and severity of bipolar disorder in Colombia.","authors":"Hernán Guillen-Burgos, Sergio Moreno-Lopez, Kaleb Acevedo-Vergara, Manuel Pérez-Florez, Catherine Pachón-Garcia, Juan Francisco Gálvez-Flórez","doi":"10.1186/s40345-023-00289-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-023-00289-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bipolar disorder (BD) is higher in developing countries. Childhood trauma exposure is a common environmental risk factor in Colombia and might be associated with a more severe course of bipolar disorder in Low-Middle Income-Countries. We carried out the first case-control study in Colombia using a structural clinical interview and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) to describe the prevalence and association between trauma exposure during childhood with a severe course of illness (early age onset, rapid cycling, ideation or suicide attempt, or ≥ 3 hospitalization) in a sample of BD patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 114 cases and 191 controls evaluated showed the following results. Cases included 61.4% BD type I and 38.6% BD type II. The median age was 31.5 years (IQR, 75-24) for BD patients and 31 years old (IQR, 38-24) for healthy controls. A higher prevalence of childhood trauma was evidenced in cases compared to controls. Emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect evidenced a strong association with severe bipolar disorder (OR = 3.42, p < .001; OR = 4.68, p < .001; OR = 4.30, p = .003; OR = 5.10, p < .001; OR = 5.64, p < .001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first association study between childhood trauma exposure as a higher risk for a severe course of illness in BD patients in Colombian. Our findings highlight the higher prevalence of childhood trauma in bipolar patients and the strong association of childhood trauma with severe bipolar disorder. These findings are relevant for screening and evaluating childhood trauma exposure during the course of BD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bipolar Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9918651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9270624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brett D M Jones, Madeha Umer, Mary E Kittur, Ofer Finkelstein, Siqi Xue, Mikaela K Dimick, Abigail Ortiz, Benjamin I Goldstein, Benoit H Mulsant, Muhammad I Husain
{"title":"A systematic review on the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for improving mood symptoms in bipolar disorders.","authors":"Brett D M Jones, Madeha Umer, Mary E Kittur, Ofer Finkelstein, Siqi Xue, Mikaela K Dimick, Abigail Ortiz, Benjamin I Goldstein, Benoit H Mulsant, Muhammad I Husain","doi":"10.1186/s40345-023-00288-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-023-00288-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence-based psychotherapies available to treat patients with bipolar disorders (BD) are limited. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) may target several common symptoms of BD. We conducted a systematic review on the efficacy of DBT for mood symptoms in patients with BD. The systematic search used key words related to DBT and BD in Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases from 1980 to April 1st, 2022. We included studies that enrolled patients with a BD I or II diagnosis (DSM or ICD), age 12 and older who received a DBT-based intervention. Studies reviewed were clinical trials including observational studies that reported at least one outcome related to BD mood symptoms or severity. We did not exclude based upon psychiatric or physical co-morbidity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We screened 848 abstracts and reviewed 28 full texts; 10 publications with 11 studies met our pre-determined eligibility criteria. All but one were feasibility pilot studies and most included participants in all mood states except for mania. The studies provided preliminary evidence suggesting these interventions may be effective for improving several core symptoms of BD. Overall, all the studies consistently supported that DBT-based interventions are feasible and acceptable for patients with BD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DBT may be an effective treatment for BD; however, the confidence in this conclusion is limited by the small sample sizes, heterogeneity, and high risk of bias in all published trials. Larger well-designed RCTs are now required to establish the effectiveness of DBT in BD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bipolar Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9899872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10668420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helle B Krogh, Maj Vinberg, Gitte Lee Mortensen, Ditte Skakke, Dorthe Nielsen, Annamaria Giraldi
{"title":"Bipolar disorder and sexuality: a preliminary qualitative pilot study.","authors":"Helle B Krogh, Maj Vinberg, Gitte Lee Mortensen, Ditte Skakke, Dorthe Nielsen, Annamaria Giraldi","doi":"10.1186/s40345-023-00285-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-023-00285-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with mental health disorders have a higher risk of sexual problems impacting intimate relations and quality of life. For individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) the mood shifts might to a particular degree affect their sexual function with possible hypersexual interest during manic episodes and low sexual interest during depressive episodes. The diagnosis is often given in late adolescence, which may impact sexual identity and development. Only a few studies have looked at BD and sexual life, with no qualitative research on the topic. We conducted a qualitative pilot study exploring sexuality in connection to mood swings in five participants with BD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thematic content analysis revealed five themes: (1) sexual drive and impulses, (2) sexual behavior, (3) thoughts and feelings in relation to sexual issues, (4) intimate relationships, and (5) sexuality and identity. During manic episodes the participants described having a higher sexual drive, leading for some to more sexual interactions. During depressed episodes, the sexual drive in the three female participants was low, however, in the two men, rather than a reduced sexual drive, a more self-destructive way of engaging in sex prevailed. The sexual outgoing behavior during manic phases was described as joyful, with no feelings of shame connected to it. However, the shifts in sexual drive connected to mood shifts affected the participants' relationships negatively. Further, all the participants described having outgoing sexual behavior in their youth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, changes in sexual drive may act as a trigger or early warning symptoms of new episodes, pinpointing the clinical relevance of addressing sexuality in individuals with BD. In general, sexual drive followed affective episodes. However, during depressive episodes sex could be, instead of reduced drive, associated with negative feelings. All participants described having an outgoing sexual behavior in their youth before the onset of BD, which might be essential to consider if there is a clinical suspension of BD in an individual.</p>","PeriodicalId":13944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bipolar Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9898481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10665581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elise Boivin, Brendan Le Daré, Romain Bellay, Cécile Vigneau, Marion Mercerolle, Astrid Bacle
{"title":"Long-term lithium therapy and risk of chronic kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia: a cohort study.","authors":"Elise Boivin, Brendan Le Daré, Romain Bellay, Cécile Vigneau, Marion Mercerolle, Astrid Bacle","doi":"10.1186/s40345-023-00286-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-023-00286-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lithium is well recognized as the first-line maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). However, besides therapeutic benefits attributed to lithium therapy, the associated side effects including endocrinological and renal disorders constitute important parameters in prescribing patterns and patient adherence. The objectives of this study is to (i) determine whether long-term lithium therapy is associated with a decrease in renal function, hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia and (ii) identify risk factors for lithium-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-centered cohort study of adult patients (≥ 18 years) treated with lithium, who were enrolled at Rennes University Hospital in France between January 1, 2018 and June 1, 2020. Required data were collected from the patient's medical records: demographics characteristics (age, sex, body mass index), biologic parameters (GFR, lithium blood level, PTH and calcium), medical comorbidities (hypertension and diabetes), lithium treatment duration and dosage, and length of hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 248 patients were included (mean age: 60.2 ± 16.5 years). Duration of lithium treatment correlated with (i) deterioration of renal function estimated at - 2.9 mL/min/year (p < 0.0001) and (ii) the development of hyperparathyroidism (p < 0.01) and hypercalcemia (p < 0.01). We also noted that patients with lithium blood level > 0.8 mEq/mL had significantly lower GFR than patients with lithium blood level < 0.8 mEq/mL (61.8 mL/min versus 77.6 mL/min, respectively, p = 0.0134). Neither diabetes mellitus nor hypertension was associated with more rapid deterioration of renal function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that the duration of lithium treatment contribute to the deterioration of renal function, raising the question of reducing dosages in patients with a GFR < 60 mL/min. Overdoses has been identified as a risk factor for CKD, emphasizing the importance of regular re-evaluation of the lithium dose regimen. Also, long-term lithium therapy was associated with hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia. Particular vigilance is required on these points in order to limit the occurrence of endocrinological and renal lithium adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":13944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bipolar Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9884717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10597076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyue Jiang, Alysha A Sultan, Mikaela K Dimick, Clement C Zai, James L Kennedy, Bradley J MacIntosh, Benjamin I Goldstein
{"title":"The association of genetic variation in CACNA1C with resting-state functional connectivity in youth bipolar disorder.","authors":"Xinyue Jiang, Alysha A Sultan, Mikaela K Dimick, Clement C Zai, James L Kennedy, Bradley J MacIntosh, Benjamin I Goldstein","doi":"10.1186/s40345-022-00281-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-022-00281-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CACNA1C rs1006737 A allele, identified as a genetic risk variant for bipolar disorder (BD), is associated with anomalous functional connectivity in adults with and without BD. Studies have yet to investigate the association of CACNA1C rs1006737 with resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in youth BD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 139 youth with BD-I, -II, or -not otherwise specified, ages 13-20 years, including 27 BD A-carriers, 41 BD non-carriers, 32 healthy controls (HC) A-carriers, and 39 HC non-carriers. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) were examined as regions-of-interest in seed-to-voxel analyses. General linear models included main effects of diagnosis and rs1006737, and an interaction term, controlling for age, sex, and race.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a main effect of BD diagnosis on rsFC between the right amygdala and the right occipital pole (p = 0.02), and a main effect of rs1006737 genotypes on rsFC between the right OFC and bilateral occipital cortex (p < 0.001). Two significant BD diagnosis-by-CACNA1C rs1006737 interactions were also identified. The A allele was associated with positive rsFC between the right ACC and right amygdala in BD but negative rsFC in HC (p = 0.01), and negative rsFC between the left OFC and left putamen in BD but positive rsFC in HC (p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that the rs1006737 A allele, identified as a genetic risk variant for BD in adults, was differentially associated with rsFC in youth with BD in regions relevant to emotion, executive function, and reward. Future task-based approaches are warranted to better understand brain connectivity in relation to CACNA1C in BD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bipolar Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9839925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10535545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dung Ezekiel Jidong, M Ishrat Husain, Tarela J Ike, Nusrat Husain, Maigari Yusufu Taru, Nwoga Charles Nnaemeka, Christopher Francis, David B Jack, Shadrack B Mwankon, Siqi Xue, Juliet Y Pwajok, Pam P Nyam, Maisha Murshed
{"title":"Bipolar disorders in Nigeria: a mixed-methods study of patients, family caregivers, clinicians, and the community members' perspectives.","authors":"Dung Ezekiel Jidong, M Ishrat Husain, Tarela J Ike, Nusrat Husain, Maigari Yusufu Taru, Nwoga Charles Nnaemeka, Christopher Francis, David B Jack, Shadrack B Mwankon, Siqi Xue, Juliet Y Pwajok, Pam P Nyam, Maisha Murshed","doi":"10.1186/s40345-022-00276-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-022-00276-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bipolar Disorders (BDs) are chronic mental health disorders that often result in functional impairment and contribute significantly to the disability-adjusted life years (DALY). BDs are historically under-researched compared to other mental health disorders, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We adopted a mixed-methods design. Study 1 examined the public knowledge of BDs in relation to sociodemographic outcomes using quantitative data whilst Study 2 qualitatively assessed the lived experiences of patients with BDs, clinicians, and family caregivers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Study 1, a non-clinical sample of n = 575 participants responded to a compact questionnaire that examined their knowledge of BDs and how they relate to certain sociodemographic variables. One-way ANOVA was used to analyse quantitative data. Study 2 interviewed N = 15 participants (n = 5 patients with BDs; n = 7 clinicians; n = 3 family caregivers). These semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Study 1, findings showed no statistically significant differences, suggesting low awareness of BDs, especially among vulnerable populations such as young people and older adults. However, there was a trajectory in increased knowledge of BDs among participants between the ages of 25-44 years and part-time workers compared to other ages and employment statuses. In Study 2, qualitative findings showed that BDs are perceived to be genetically and psycho-socially induced by specific lived experiences of patients and their family caregivers. Although psychotropic medications and psychotherapy are available treatment options in Nigeria, cultural and religious beliefs were significant barriers to treatment uptake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides insight into knowledge and beliefs about BDs, including the lived experiences of patients with BDs, their caregivers and clinicians in Nigeria. It highlights the need for further studies assessing Nigeria's feasibility and acceptability of culturally adapted psychosocial interventions for patients with BDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bipolar Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9825686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10508104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Ratheesh, D Hett, J Ramain, E Wong, L Berk, P Conus, M A Fristad, T Goldstein, M Hillegers, S Jauhar, L V Kessing, D J Miklowitz, G Murray, J Scott, M Tohen, L N Yatham, A H Young, M Berk, S Marwaha
{"title":"A systematic review of interventions in the early course of bipolar disorder I or II: a report of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Taskforce on early intervention.","authors":"A Ratheesh, D Hett, J Ramain, E Wong, L Berk, P Conus, M A Fristad, T Goldstein, M Hillegers, S Jauhar, L V Kessing, D J Miklowitz, G Murray, J Scott, M Tohen, L N Yatham, A H Young, M Berk, S Marwaha","doi":"10.1186/s40345-022-00275-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-022-00275-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the likelihood of progressive illness in bipolar disorder (BD), it is important to understand the benefits and risks of interventions administered early in illness course. We conducted a systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions in the early course of BD I or II.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We completed a systematic search on MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL and Google Scholar from 1/1/1979 till 14/9/2022. We included controlled trials examining intervention effects on symptomatic, course, functional and tolerability outcomes of patients in the 'early course' of BD I or II. We classified patients to be in early course if they (a) were seeking help for the first time for a manic episode, (b) had a lifetime history of up to 3 manic episodes, or (c) had up to 6 lifetime mood episodes. Evidence quality was assessed using the GRADE approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 4135 unique publications we included 25 reports representing 2212 participants in 16 randomized studies, and 17,714 participants from nine non-randomized studies. Available evidence suggested that in early illness course, lithium use was associated with lower recurrence risk compared with other mood stabilizers. Mood stabilizers were also associated with better global functioning, compared with the use of antipsychotics in the medium term. While summative findings regarding psychological therapies were limited by heterogeneity, family-focused and cognitive-behavioral interventions were associated with reduced recurrence risk or improved symptomatic outcomes. There was some evidence that the same pharmacological interventions were more efficacious in preventing recurrences when utilized in earlier rather than later illness course.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and recommendations: </strong>While there are promising initial findings, there is a need for more adequately powered trials to examine the efficacy and tolerability of interventions in youth and adults in early illness course. Specifically, there is a compelling need to compare the relative benefits of lithium with other pharmacological agents in preventing recurrences. In addition to symptomatic outcomes, there should be a greater focus on functional impact and tolerability. Effective pharmacological and psychological interventions should be offered to those in early course of BD, balancing potential risks using shared decision-making approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":13944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bipolar Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9810772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9427713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoltan Kovacs, Peter Vestergaard, Rasmus W Licht, Sune P V Straszek, Anne Sofie Hansen, Allan H Young, Anne Duffy, Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen, Florian Seemueller, Gabriele Sani, Janusz Rubakowski, Josef Priller, Lars Vedel Kessing, Leonardo Tondo, Martin Alda, Mirko Manchia, Paul Grof, Phillip Ritter, Tomas Hajek, Ute Lewitzka, Veerle Bergink, Michael Bauer, René Ernst Nielsen
{"title":"Lithium induced hypercalcemia: an expert opinion and management algorithm.","authors":"Zoltan Kovacs, Peter Vestergaard, Rasmus W Licht, Sune P V Straszek, Anne Sofie Hansen, Allan H Young, Anne Duffy, Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen, Florian Seemueller, Gabriele Sani, Janusz Rubakowski, Josef Priller, Lars Vedel Kessing, Leonardo Tondo, Martin Alda, Mirko Manchia, Paul Grof, Phillip Ritter, Tomas Hajek, Ute Lewitzka, Veerle Bergink, Michael Bauer, René Ernst Nielsen","doi":"10.1186/s40345-022-00283-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-022-00283-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lithium is the gold standard prophylactic treatment for bipolar disorder. Most clinical practice guidelines recommend regular calcium assessments as part of monitoring lithium treatment, but easy-to-implement specific management strategies in the event of abnormal calcium levels are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on a narrative review of the effects of lithium on calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) homeostasis and its clinical implications, experts developed a step-by-step algorithm to guide the initial management of emergent hypercalcemia during lithium treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the event of albumin-corrected plasma calcium levels above the upper limit, PTH and calcium levels should be measured after two weeks. Measurement of PTH and calcium levels should preferably be repeated after one month in case of normal or high PTH level, and after one week in case of low PTH level, independently of calcium levels. Calcium levels above 2.8 mmol/l may require a more acute approach. If PTH and calcium levels are normalized, repeated measurements are suggested after six months. In case of persistent PTH and calcium abnormalities, referral to an endocrinologist is suggested since further examination may be needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Standardized consensus driven management may diminish the potential risk of clinicians avoiding the use of lithium because of uncertainties about managing side-effects and consequently hindering some patients from receiving an optimal treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bipolar Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9780408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10433154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonardo Tondo, Alessandro Miola, Marco Pinna, Martina Contu, Ross J Baldessarini
{"title":"Two bipolar disorders or one? In reply to commentary by Malhi and Bell.","authors":"Leonardo Tondo, Alessandro Miola, Marco Pinna, Martina Contu, Ross J Baldessarini","doi":"10.1186/s40345-022-00279-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-022-00279-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bipolar Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10771330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helen J Burgess, David Kagan, Samuel Warshaw, Zoey Jopling, Muneer Rizvydeen, Peisong Han, Anastasia K Yocum, Melvin G McInnis
{"title":"Lunar cycling in sleep and mood in individuals with bipolar disorder.","authors":"Helen J Burgess, David Kagan, Samuel Warshaw, Zoey Jopling, Muneer Rizvydeen, Peisong Han, Anastasia K Yocum, Melvin G McInnis","doi":"10.1186/s40345-022-00282-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-022-00282-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bipolar Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9760582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10398033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}