International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemical Profile and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Methanol Extract of Green Pea","authors":"Nweze Chibuzor Carole, Rasaq Nurudeen Olajide, S. Hassan","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/39855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/39855","url":null,"abstract":"The legume, Green pea ( Pisum sativum ) is usually consumed as a vegetable. Phytochemical","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"07 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85856602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Basis of Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2- a New Perspective","authors":"A. Prasad","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/40500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/40500","url":null,"abstract":"Decreased insulin secretion due to beta cell dysfunction of the pancreas and defective utilization of insulin due to insulin resistance / Hyperinsulinemia are two important issues in the pathogenesis of DM2. There are many explanations in the literature to account for these two observed phenomena and their interrelationship. DM2 is believed to occur due to a complex interplay of environmental and Behavioural factors in genetically predisposed persons. Among the prominent theories explaining the pathogenesis of DM2, the visceraPortal hypothesis, the Ectopic fat hypothesis and the adipose tissue as an endocrinal gland are prominent. Besides, the role played by oxidative stress, metabolic stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, etc. are also advanced. It is felt that basic to and at the core of all the observed facts, is the shift of energy metabolism from normal glycolysis to Boxidation of fats. Hence, how B oxidation prevails over glycolysis is the fundamental issue to be addressed together with its interrelationships with insulin resistance, as to which is the cause and which is the effect. At the molecular level, an attempt to find answers to the above questions is made in this paper. To this extent, the Randle fatty acid cycle (Substrate competition theory of Randle) is suitably Opinion Article Prasad; IJBCRR, 21(2): 1-13, 2018; Article no.IJBCRR.40500 2 modified and applied to explain the switch of Energy metabolisms in DM2 .Defective disulfide bond formation of the insulin receptor which makes it physiologically ineffective, is suggested as the cause of the insulin resistance where as the prevailing molecular mechanisms stress on postreceptor signaling defect. The cause and effect of both are discussed. This line is considered to be a departure from traditional approaches broached above and briefly outlined in this article.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75891540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of PSP Toxins in Moroccan Shellfish by MBA, HPLC and RBA Methods: Links to Causative Phytoplankton Alexandrium minutum","authors":"R. Abouabdellah, A. Bennouna, M. Dechraoui-Bottein, J. E. Attar, M. Dellal, A. Mbarki, M. Alahyane, S. Benbrahim","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/40032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/40032","url":null,"abstract":"Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins are secondary metabolites of the toxic species of phytoplankton. The consumption of shellfish accumulating these toxins can cause neurological symptoms and even death. Within the framework of the surveillance program of seafood safety Original Research Article Abouabdellah et al.; IJBCRR, 21(2): 1-12, 2018; Article no.IJBCRR.40032 2 along the Moroccan littoral environment established by National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH), a study of PST was conducted from 2004 to 2016 in south Moroccan’s shellfish, mussels from south Agadir region and Razor Shell from Dakhla bay. The surveillance was carried out bimonthly or weekly using the AOAC official method of analysis (AOAC 959.08) mouse bioassay (MBA). In parallel, monitoring of toxic phytoplankton in water was conducted. With the aim to determine the shellfish toxin profile, ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatisation and fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) was performed. The Receptor Binding Assay (RBA) also was used for determination of total toxicity of PSP toxins in Agadir’s mussels. In both regions, the analysis of seawater revealed the presence of the toxic algae Alexandrium spp during toxics events. Along the coast of Agadir, PSP toxins in shellfish were associated with the presence of Alexandrium cf. minutum in seawater. These toxic events were widely distributed in time and space and mainly detected during the summer and fall seasons. In some samples concentrations exceeded the sanitary threshold (ST) of 800 μg eq STX /kg. HPLC analysis revealed that Saxitoxin and Gonyautoxins dominated the toxin profile. The comparison between different methods showed a strong uphill (positive) linear relationship, with a coefficient correlation of r=0.79 between MBA and HPLC and r = 0.809 between MBA and RBA.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"120 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86843010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Formation, Toxicity of Reactive Oxygen Species by Heavy Metals and Tolerance in Plants","authors":"Saima Jadoon, Arif Malik","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/38670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/38670","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This whole review tells about origin of ROS, Cell death, role of ROS, defense system in numerous developmental pathways. Methodology: In plant reactive oxygen species are the main factor of cell mechanism deterioration. The stability of the reduction and regeneration is disturbed under stress environment. ROS continuously damages the main organelles of cell in plants as well as inactivate several enzymes. Break down of lipids, nucleic acid, proteins, pigments, damages in membrane which may lead to cell death. Conclusion: ROS is diffusible measures in pathways of signal transduction in numerous developmental pathways in plants. ROS acts as a messenger. Plants protect cell from misbalancing and also damages ROS production. ROS produced in excess amount rather than required for numerous metabolic reaction. In aerobic respiration ROS is produced.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85582860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative Properties of the Chloroform Stem Bark Extract of Abrus precatorius against Gentamicin-induced Renal Damage in Rats","authors":"O. Falayi, A. Oyagbemi, T. Omobowale, A. Adedapo","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/39569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/39569","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study seeks to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of chloroform stem bark extract of Abrus precatorius in a murine model of gentamicin-induced renal damage. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups; A being the normal control group and given normal saline. B as the toxicant group was given Gentamicin (GM) at 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally for six days; C received chloroform extract of Abrus precatorius at 100 mg/kg administered orally three days prior and concurrently with gentamicin for six days, D received 200 mg/kg of the extract and was administered orally for three days prior and concurrently with gentamicin for six days and E received gentamicin administered intraperitoneally for six days followed by administration of 200 mg/kg chloroform extract of Abrus precatorius for three days. Body and organ weight were determined. Serum and kidney homogenate were obtained. Creatinine, urea, Xanthine oxidase, Myeloperoxidase and Nitric oxide were assayed for in the serum. Advanced Original Research Article Falayi et al.; IJBCRR, 21(2): 1-15, 2018; Article no.IJBCRR.39569 2 oxidative protein product, Protein carbonyl, Malondialdehyde, Hydrogen peroxide, Superoxide dismutase, Reduced Glutathione, Glutathione-S-transferase, Glutathione peroxidase, Protein thiol, Non-protein thiol were assayed for in the renal homogenate. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry using Bcl2, CRP and NFKB were done to check for structural changes and protein expressions respectively. Results: Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were significantly increased in the toxicant group, but a significant reduction of these markers in the extract treated groups at pre and post treatment periods. Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant level in the toxicant group were significantly depleted, whereas the levels of these enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels were significantly elevated in a dose dependent manner in the extract treated groups. Histopathology revealed tubular necrosis, areas of inflammation, glomerular atrophy, and congestion in the toxicant group. These were ameliorated in the extract treated groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of Bcl2 and increase protein expression of CRP and NFKB in the toxicant group; however, the reverse was seen in the extract treated groups. Conclusions: From these results, it can be concluded that the chloroform extract of Abrus precatorius stem bark has nephroprotective properties.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82436912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Review","authors":"A. Adedapo, O. Asunloye, B. Adeoye","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/40221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/40221","url":null,"abstract":"Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles found in most plant and animal cells that perform diverse metabolic functions including hydrogen peroxide (H","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"17 1 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83467227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Biochemical Abnormalities of Plasma Lipids and Apo-lipoprotein in Diabetes mellitus Patients with or without Retinopathy In Saki- West Local Government Area of Oyo State- Nigeria","authors":"M. Olaniyan, O. Popoola, O. Olasupo, T. Afolabi, Shedrack Olayinka","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2018/38873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2018/38873","url":null,"abstract":"Study Background: Possible metabolic disorders of lipid, carbohydrate and protein are associated with Diabetes mellitus which may include complications such as retinopathy considering the pathophysiology of this metabolic disease. Aims and Objectives: This work was designed to determine apolipoproteins (ApoA, ApoB), Total cholesterol (TC), Total Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), Very Low-density Lipoprotein (VLDL), High-density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) in Diabetes mellitus patients with or without retinopathy. Materials and Methods: 261 subjects were recruited for this study from the Medical outpatient and ophthalmology clinic of Baptist Medical Center Saki-Nigeria. The subjects were classified into; NonOriginal Research Article Olaniyan et al.; IJBCRR, 21(1): 1-9, 2018; Article no.IJBCRR.38873 2 Diabetes mellitus without retinopathy Control subjects (n=100: Female-50; Male-50), Diabetes mellitus patients without retinopathy (n=100: Female-50; Male-50) and Diabetes mellitus with retinopathy (n=61: Female-22; Male-39) aged 50 to 76 years. The Body mass index (BMI) of the subjects ranged between 18.2 – 19.6 Kg/m2. Plasma Total cholesterol (TC), Total Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), Very Low density Lipoprotein (VLDL), High-density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) were determined biochemically using chemistry auto-analyser – COBAS C111 while ELISA technique determined apolipoproteins (ApoA, ApoB). Results: The result obtained showed a significantly higher mean plasma value of Fasting Plasma Glucose, Total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL, TG and Apo B/Apo A1 in a patient with Diabetes mellitus without Retinopathy than the control non-diabetic subjects without retinopathy with p<0.05. There was a significantly higher plasma value of Fasting Plasma Glucose, Total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL, TG Apo B and Apo B/Apo A1and a significantly lower plasma value of Apo A1 in patients with Diabetes mellitus and Retinopathy when compared to the control non-diabetic subjects without retinopathy with p<0.05. There was also a significantly higher mean plasma value of Fasting Plasma Glucose, LDL-C, TG, Total cholesterol, and Apo B/Apo A1 in Diabetes mellitus patients with Retinopathy than the Diabetes mellitus without Retinopathy with p<0.05. Conclusion: This work has been used to reveal a significant association between increased plasma Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-C, VLDL, ApoB and ApoB/ApoA ratio and decreased plasma ApoA in Diabetes mellitus patients with or without retinopathy which was found to be more intense in those patients with retinopathy.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89318361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Antiplasmodial and Toxicity Activities of Crude Extracts and Compounds from Euclea latideus (Ebenaceae)","authors":"K. Philip, M. Elizabeth, P. Cheplogoi, M. Langat, M. Hoseah","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/39603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/39603","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In our search for new antiplasmodial agents, in vitro antiplasmodial activities of the crude extracts and isolated pure compounds were determined. In addition to the in vitro assays, in vivo acute toxicity of the crude extracts was investigated to assess the safety of the plants. Furthermore, structure elucidation of the pure compounds was also carried out to determine the identity of the isolated compounds. Study Design: Extraction of the root crude extracts of Euclea latideus was done using four solvents: hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Isolation and purification were µg/mL, Dd2: 25.14 ± 0.01 µg/mL. The antiplasmodial activity of the crude extracts and pure compounds were significantly different ( P < 0.05) from that of the reference standards (chloroquine diphosphate and mefloquine hydrochloride). Both the crude extracts IC 50 (2.78-38.93) µg/mL and pure compounds IC 50 (1.64-25.14) µg/mL showed a significant decrease in activity compared to the reference standards (0.0056-0.0440) µg/mL. Significant difference ( P < 0.05) also existed between the antiplasmodial activities of the crude extracts, which showed the same trend with that of the pure compounds. Conclusion: The results show that the root crude extracts and pure compounds of the plant have good antiplasmodial activity and low toxicity which can be exploited for malaria therapy. Therefore, this justifies their ethnomedicinal use of the plant by the local communities of Butebo Sub-County, in Pallisa District in Eastern Uganda in the treatment of malaria.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79896901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephroprotective Effects of Vernonia amygdalina in Alloxan-induced Diabetes in Rats","authors":"A. Adeoye, A. Oyagbemi, T. Omobowale, A. Adedapo, A. Ayodele, M. Yakubu, A. Adedapo","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2018/40100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2018/40100","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide. Purpose: The methanol leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (MLVA) was thus investigated for its nephroprotective effects in diabetes. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of a freshly prepared solution of Alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/kg). Forty-eight hours after Original alloxan administration, rats with fasting blood glucose levels of 200 mg/dl and above were used for the study. Animals were grouped into five (A-E) of nine animals each. Group A was non-diabetic non treated control; Group B animals were the diabetic untreated control rats while groups C, D and E animals were diabetic and treated with glibenclamide, MLVA 200 mg/kg and MVLA 400 mg/kg respectively. Biochemical changes were evaluated by measuring the serum markers of kidney damage (creatinine and blood urea nitrogen). Markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant activities were measured in renal tissues. Histopathological and immunohistochemical changes were also evaluated. Results: Four-week administration of MLVA produced significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum creatinine, urea, and oxidative markers but it caused a significant increase in enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidant as well as downregulation of Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and upregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Conclusion: MLVA ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85243756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene Expressions and Polymorphisms of Novel Biomarkers in Diabetic Nephropathy","authors":"Suvarna Sanas, Yadav Ks","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/39263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/39263","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and of type 2 diabetes is extremely pronounced in Asian countries, particularly in India. In 2015, over 0.9 million deaths in India were attributed to diabetes directly or indirectly and approximately 60-70% suffering from renal diseases. Materials and Methods: This study conducted at School of Medicine, D Y Patil University, Navi Mumbai included 241 type II diabetic patients with diabetic duration 3-5 years, between age 30-70 years. Blood samples were processed for renal parameters and RT-PCR to check the expressions and polymorphisms of IL-6, IL-10, CD 36 and LDLr. Results: Gene analysis of IL10, CD 36 and LDLr showed that IL10, it is expressed and seen mutation at 56 A mutated to T. In CD 36 expressions were seen and amplified region showed mutation at 67 T to C (heterozygous). In LDLr both expressions and mutations of base pairs seen in higher amounts and amplified region showed mutation at 329 C to CC; 350 A to G; 352 A to G; 353 A to G; 355 A to T; 356 G to T; 358 GG to T (deletion of one nucleotide) and 563 G to T. Conclusion: Relationship between T2DM microalbumin and lipid parameters were not decisive and may be superseded by gene expressions and polymorphisms of IL10, CD 36, and LDLr. Early measurement of polymorphisms and expressions may prevent morbidity and mortality after therapeutic intervention and lifestyle modification. Association of cytokines may help in the development of novel biomarkers to identify individuals at risk.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82381987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}