International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Traditional and Improved Cassava Processing on Cassava Derivative Products in Central African Republic","authors":"L. Toumnou, Kosh-Komba Ephrèm, O. Semboli, I. Zinga, G. Touckia, Nguerepande Odilon, Konguere Ernest, S. Semballa, R. Ndjouenkeu","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/37522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/37522","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a starchy staple food that previous researches have showed to contain cyanogenic compounds, precursors of hydrocyanic acid, undoubtedly toxic for humans. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of traditional and improved cassava processing in Cassava derived products. Data were analysed by unpaired student’s t-test at a confidence level of 95% (p<0.05). Carbohydrate, lipids, cyanogenic compounds and Humidity profile proved that there is variability between the measured parameters according to the traditional and improved cassava processing (p< 0, 0001).","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89448073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic Effects of Nigerian Bituminous Coal Fly Ash in Albino Rats: Serum Biochemistry and Histopathological Evaluation","authors":"I. Bwatanglang, S. Garba, I. Lynna, D. Y. Shinggu, T. S. Magili, Y. Musa","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/38602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/38602","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the in vivo toxicity index of Nigerian bituminous coal fly ash prepared under a burning temperature of 900ºC was evaluated following oral administration to Albino rats. The effect of the sample prepared at this temperature was compared under various dose (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg body weight) concentrations and systematically relate the effect on the serum electrolytes (Na + , K + , Cl - , HCO -3 ) activity levels, the liver enzymes (ASAT, ALAT, SAP), Total bilirubin (TB), Total protein (TP) and Albumin (ALB) respectively. From the results, the fly ash was observed to induced significant alteration in the TB, TP and ALB concentrations in both study periods, with no apparent disturbances recorded in the liver enzymes and serum electrolyte concentrations when compared to the control. Furthermore, the fly ash was observed to profoundly induce pathological lesion in the lungs and the intestine, with mild histological changes observed in the liver and spleen. While, no Original Research Article significant changes observed in the kidney in the primary study, the fly ash in the secondary study was observed to induce tubular degeneration in the kidney. The results further showed that, the Nigerian bituminous coal fly ash, irrespective of the treatment groups demonstrated a time-dependent effects histologically and in serum biochemistry profiles. Thus, further confirmed that, the reactivity of the coal fly ash, though independent of the sampling dose might be attributed to the organic and inorganic constituents in the fly ash interacting with the rat’s normal metabolic pathways, initiating and triggering toxic-induced effects histological and physiologically. The results further provide us with additional information on the in vivo effects and susceptibility of Nigerian bituminous coal fly ash and the need to explore same for energy generation under control and regulated combustion processes.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84644465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma Glutamyl Transferase- A Link between Oxidative Stress and Periodontitis in Smokeless Tobacco Users and Non Users with Chronic Periodontitis","authors":"Sabiha Patel, Varsha Jadhav, P. Shetty, Pavan Deshpande, Nitin Gorwade, Nitika Shinde","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/37348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/37348","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Long-term usage of tobacco related products are the potential generators of free radicals which alter the cellular antioxidant defense system. Changing the balance towards an increase in the pro-oxidants over the capacity of the antioxidants is defined as oxidative stress (OS), which leads to oxidative damage. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase/transferase (GGT), a liver function marker plays a key role in regulating cellular levels of the antioxidant molecule glutathione, hence is a critical enzyme in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Aim: To investigate and compare the level of GGT in smokeless tobacco users (STU) and non tobacco users (NTU) with chronic periodontitis (CP). Materials and Methods: The study comprises of 50 subjects with the age group 20-64 years categorized as smokeless STU with CP (n=25) and non tobacco users NTU with CP (n=25). 2 ml of Original Research Article blood from antecubital vein and 2 ml of unstimulated saliva was obtained and evaluated for GGT. Clinical parameters such as Plaque index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Pocket probing depth (PD), Clinical attachment levels (CAL) were recorded. The statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test / Fisher’s exact probability test for the inter-group comparison of categorical variable. The statistical significance of inter-group difference in the continuous variables is tested using independent sample t test after confirming the underlying normality assumption. Results: Within the reference range, level of GGT was significantly higher in STU with CP than NTU with CP. Conclusion: Estimation of GGT levels being an easy, reliable and inexpensive test, can become an emerging tool for the diagnostic assessment of periodontal disease for early detection of OS suggesting its high scope to be recognized as a biomarker for OS damage and thereby establishing both oral and systemic health.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88796985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Phytochemical, Proximate and Mineral Constituents of Breynia nivosa Leaf","authors":"O. Ezeigbo, I. Nwachukwu, C. Ike-Amadi, J. Suleiman","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/37965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/37965","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants have played a key role in the world health care with about 80% of Africans depending on phytomedicine which has shown a wide range of uses in treatment of diseases. The usage of plants, plant extracts or plant derived pure chemicals to treat diseases in Nigeria has become a therapeutic modality which has stood the test of time. Breynia nivosa which is a shrub seen around the neighbourhood has been reported to be effective in treating headache, toothaches and inflammatory diseases. The extracts are natural analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents and could have therapeutic potentials in management of various chronic diseases. This study evaluated the ethnomedicinal uses of Breynia nivosa by determining the phytochemical, proximate and mineral composition of the plant which could contribute to its effectiveness in the treatment of diseases. The leaf of the plant was evaluated using standard methods. The result showed reasonable quantities of important chemicals such as alkaloid (3.29 ± 0.01), flavonoid (1.51 ± 0.00), oxalate (0.24± 0.02), saponin (0.79 ± 0.00) and cyanogenic glycosides (5.34 ± 0.02). The Original Research Article Ezeigbo IJBCRR, 1-8, proximate values obtained include moisture content (9.31 ± 0.01), dry matter (90.65 ± 0.10), ash content (13.46 ± 0.01), crude protein (16.84 ± 0.00), and carbohydrates (47.79 ± 0.01) while the mineral content include calcium (28.42 ± 1.01), magnesium (12.52 ± 0.03) and sodium (13.68 ± 0.03). From the above result, the use of the plant for effective treatment of diseases should not be in question, since it contains appreciable phytochemicals and mineral constituents. It is therefore recommended for use in the formulation of drugs for treatments of diseases.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78436250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Levels of Heavy Metals in Selected Canned Lager and Native Beer (Burukutu) Sold in Kugiya Market, Jos – Nigeria","authors":"S. Gazuwa, J. Dabak, S. Olomu, B. Abdullahi","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/37950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/37950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80877637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factors in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)","authors":"B. Suchithra, V. Devaraj, J. Ghosh, R. Nageshbabu","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/32784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/32784","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), is an important subsistence oil yielding crop of the semi-arid tropics and often exposed to several environmental cues (high temperature, drought & heavy metal). The WRKY transcription factor (TF) is one of the master regulator, and play vital role in stress responses. However, far less information is available on functional characterization and tolerance mechanism of stress responsive WRKY genes in groundnut till date. In this study, a comprehensive phylogenetic, protein features, gene structure and motif analysis of WRKY TF gene family was carried out. We conducted expression profiling of 10 WRKY genes under high temperature, drought and heavy metal (CdCl 2 ) in various tissues. Majority of the AhWRKY ( Arachis hypogaea WRKY ) proteins were clustered and share close relationship with Arabidopsis and Glycine max . RT- qPCR analysis of AhWRKY genes revealed differential expression either in their transcript abundance or in their expression patterns in response to at least one abiotic stress. In particular, AhWRKY41 expression level was found to be maximum in all the stress conditions . On the other hand, AhWRKY20 and AhWRKY22 were down regulated. The obtained data demonstrate that AhWRKY41 may act as a positive regulator in drought/ high temperature/ heavy metal and would exhibit stress tolerance mechanism by activation of stress-associated gene expression.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81599877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Physical Properties and Heavy Metals in Borehole Water from Ogale, Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State","authors":"Ndowa Oyor, N. Boisa, Josephine Akaninwor, T. Okoko","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2017/35408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2017/35408","url":null,"abstract":"all the study while and laboratory while managed the literature. performed the statistical ABSTRACT Aim: To assess the physical properties and some heavy metal levels of borehole water in Ogale, Eleme local government the maximum permitted level. The concentration of Pb in all samples was above the maximum permitted limit of 0.01 mg/L. The concentration of Ni was above the permitted limit (0.02 mg/L) in boreholes at Ekpangbala, Ejii, Agbi and Nsisioken while the concentration of Cd is above the maximum permitted limit of 0.003 mg/L in boreholes in all the communities apart from Okori (0.002 ± 0.001 mg/L). The concentrations of other heavy metals (i.e. Zn, Cr and Mn) were below the permitted limit in all samples. The spatial distribution of the commulative heavy metals in the area suggests that Pb, Cd and Ni may have originated from the same source due to their positive correlations. Conclusion: The low pH and relative high concentrations of Pb, Cd and Ni suggest that water from the boreholes in the area were of low quality for domestic use thus requires treatment and monitoring.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84323036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Utility of Plasma Chitotriosidase, Total Acid Phosphatase Activity, Ferritin and Globulin Levels in Screening for Gaucher Disease","authors":"Mohammed H. Hassan, A. Sayed, A. Ahmed, T. Saleem","doi":"10.9734/ijbcrr/2017/32782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2017/32782","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Gaucher disease \"GD\" is one of the most common glycolipid storage disorders. Several circulating molecules thought to be secreted by Gaucher cells have been studied as biological markers of disease. We investigate and compare the validity of using plasma chitotriosidase \"ChT\", total acid phosphatase activity, ferritin, and globulin in predicting GD in pediatric patients. Original Research Article Hassan et al.; IJBCRR, 16(4): 1-8, 2017; Article no.IJBCRR.32782 2 Methodology: A cross sectional hospital based study, carried out on 43 pediatric patients (23 GD patients and 20 patients with suspected storage disorder). Complete blood counts, globulin assays, calculated A/G ratio, β-glucocerebrosidase activity assays, plasma protein electrophoresis, ELISA assays of plasma ChT and ferritin, colorimetric assay of plasma total acid phosphatase activity and GBA gene mutation analysis, were done for the included patients. Results: Significantly higher plasma ChT levels and increased total acid phosphatase activity were observed in GD patients versus those suspected to have storage disorders (P-value <0.05). High plasma ChT and ferritin have higher sensitivity, while high plasma total acid phosphatase activity, and globulin and low A/G ratio have higher specificity in diagnosing GD. Conclusions: Plasma ChT and total acid phosphatase activity, both together are more valid than ferritin and globulin in screening for GD.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82171485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative Potentials of Egg Plant (Solanum melongena Linn) Fruit Ethanolic Extract on Monosodium Glutamate- Intoxicated Rats' Lipid Profile, Haematology and Heart Histology","authors":"U. O. Mbah, Anthony Cemaluk C. Egbuonu","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/35057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/35057","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study evaluated the ameliorative potentials of ethanolic extract of Solanum melongena Linn fruit on monosodium glutamate (MSG)-intoxicated rats' lipid profile, haematological parameters and heart histology using standard protocols. Methodology: Twenty four Wistar rats that weighed 105.00 ± 7.00 g. The rats were assigned into six groups and fed thus: Group 1 (control, feed and 1 ml/kg body weight (bw) distilled water only), Group 2 (8000 mg/kg bw MSG), Group 3 (300 mg/kg bw sample extract), Group 4 (8000 mg/kg bw MSG +100 mg/kg bw sample extract ), Group 5 (8000 mg/kg bw MSG+ 300 mg/kg bw sample extract) and Group 6 (8000 mg/kg bw MSG+ 500 mg/kg bw sample extract) daily for 14 days. Results: There were significant (P =.05) increase in total cholesterol, triacylglyceride (TAG), very Original Research Article Mbah and Egbuonu; IJBCRR, 18(3): 1-10, 2017; Article no.IJBCRR.35057 2 low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and significantly (P =.05) decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in only MSG fed group compared to the control group. Interestingly, MSG co-administration with ethanolic extract of Solanum melongena Linn fruit for group 4, 5 and 6 showed significant (P=.05) reduction in serum total cholesterol, TAG, VLDL and LDL-c and increased HDL-c. There was no significant (P =.05) difference in the haematological parameters (Red blood cell, hemoglobin and hemacrit) except for white blood cell count which was significantly (P =.05) reduced in the MSG fed group. The histological results revealed that MSG ingestion in rats induced toxic injuries in their hearts at 8000 mg/kg body weight and effects were slowly being ameliorated as the concentration of the ethanolic extract of Solanum melongena Linn fruit increased. Conclusion: This study confirmed general adverse influence of MSG at a high concentration (8000 mg/kg body weight) and demonstrated the ameliorative role of ethanolic extract of Solanum melongena Linn fruit, notably at 300 mg/kg of body weight, on the studied monosodium glutamateintoxicated bio-functions in rats.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81306382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Ficus capreifolia Leaf Extract via in-vitro Models","authors":"T. Gbenenee, N. Boisa, T. Okoko","doi":"10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/34138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/34138","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To carry out preliminary phytochemical screening and determine the antioxidant ability of Ficus capreifolia leaf extract. Study radicals and also reduced ferrous ions significantly when compared to vitamin C. Conclusion: The leaf extract exhibited significant antioxidant activities which could be ascribed to antioxidant phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols which were detected. This corroborates the reported traditional use of the plant and can be further exploited pharmacologically.","PeriodicalId":13942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review","volume":"31 3","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91507155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}