International Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Aqueous Extract Artemisia Herba-Alba Leaves as a Green Inhibitor against Acid Activation of 2024 Aluminum Alloy","authors":"Nacer Hechiche, Gérald Culioli, Abdelaziz Kadri, Dalila Boughrara, Amar Saal, F. Xavier Perrin","doi":"10.1155/2024/5432109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5432109","url":null,"abstract":"This work is part of the development of new bio-sourced corrosion inhibitors from an abundant resource that can replace conventional synthetic inhibitors that are harmful to both human health and the environment. The corrosion inhibition performance of an aqueous extract of <i>Artemisia herba-alba</i> on the corrosion of 2024 aluminum alloy in a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution is investigated by weight loss method, electrochemical (linear polarization, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and SEM techniques. The extract shows excellent corrosion-inhibiting properties on aluminium alloy with a maximum inhibition efficiency of 93% at 0.6 g/L. The adsorption of the natural extract obeys the extended Langmuir isotherm equation adsorption model for multicomponent systems. Temperature studies show that the efficiency of the extract decreases with increasing temperature and that the corrosion activation energies increase in the presence of the extract. Liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry is used to identify the chemical constituents of the natural extract, and the most abundant phytochemicals for each subclass of metabolite are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study paves the way for further development of a plant that is particularly abundant in the desert regions of North Africa and has until now been used mainly for food for livestock and for pharmaceutical applications.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Leaching of Silica-Sulfide Gold Ores from May-Hibey Deposits, Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Goitom Gebreyohannes Berhe, Desta Berhe Sbhatu, Samuel Estifanos Gebre, Kiros Hagos Abay, Genet Gebryohannes Mhretu, Gebrekidan Mebrahtu Tesfamariam, Samuel Alemayehu Lapiso, Mulugeta Sisay Cheru, Afewerk Gebre Meressa","doi":"10.1155/2024/5611117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5611117","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative leaching is an inexpensive alternative to using chemical cyanide extraction methods for gold from low-grade gold sulfide. Oxidation of finely ground gold-bearing ore by <i>Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</i> was evaluated in terms of cell density, pH, and leaching efficiency of Fe and Au in shake flask experiments. The compositional and elemental analyses of the beneficiated ore were analyzed using XRD and EDXRF spectroscopy. The ore’s primary constituents are gold (4.356 mg/L), silicon, iron, and sulfur (62.456, 15.441, and 7.912 wt%, respectively). XRD spectra, the main phases of the concentrated ore, showed that the major components of the ore were quartz, syn, silicon sulfide, pyrite, and polymetallic elements such as silderenrite, gismondine, siderenikite, hematite, and syn. The experimental results, with <i>Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</i> bacteria and blank, were evaluated. The pH of the blank remained nearly constant, and the pH of the bioleached was occasionally lowered. The <i>A. ferrooxidans</i> strain always grew better throughout the bioleaching process. For the <i>A. ferrooxidans</i> strain, the cell density of cells reached a maximum of 90.00 × 10⁶ cells/mL after the 11^th week and decreased to 87.00 × 10⁶ cells/mL after the 12^th week. The decrease in cell density may be due to the presence of polymetallic elements such as Al, Cr, Ti, and Ni, leading to reduced metal tolerance of the <i>A. ferrooxidans</i> strain. In the <i>A. ferrooxidans</i> leaching process, the maximum total iron and gold extraction reached 92.16% (14.23 mg/L) and 99.97% (4.355 ppm), respectively, after the 11^th week, and leaching tends to decrease up to 14 weeks, which may be due to the formation of secondary minerals. More research will be performed to optimize the procedure and leaching kinetic, examine the impact of metal content, and take into account the potential for bioleaching process pollution in addition to the amount of gold recovered.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140074174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics and Terpenoids from Sweet Basil Leaves Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents","authors":"Tan Phat Vo, Thuy Han Phan, Nguyen Thuc Doan Luu, Thi Bich Xuong Tran, Nhat Quyen Pham, Thai Anh Thi Ho, Nguyen Minh Huy Ha, Minh Thu Nguyen, Dinh Quan Nguyen","doi":"10.1155/2024/5199884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5199884","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation focused on assessing and enhancing ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) to extract phenolics and terpenoids from sweet basil leaves. The initial stage involved evaluating the extraction performance of twelve NADES and ethanol. A NADES comprising lactic acid and glucose with a 2 : 1 molar ratio and 20% water content (WC) obtained the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total terpenoid content (TTC). Single-factor experiments systematically examined the impact of liquid-to-solid ratio (LSR), water content in NADES (WC), ultrasound power, temperature, and exposure time on the extraction yield. Optimization using Box–Behnken Design (BBD) models for the lactic acid and glucose-based UAE revealed the optimal conditions to be 80 ml/g LSR, 30% water, 300 W, 50°C temperature, and a 15-minute exposure time. Under these optimized parameters, the extraction achieved the highest TPC and TTC at 69.88 mg GAE/g and 110.71 mg UA/g, respectively. This study presents an environmentally friendly and sustainable extraction protocol for the extraction of phenolic compounds and terpenoids from sweet basil leaves.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140002614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimum Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared from an Extract of Aloe fleurentinorum","authors":"Yasmin M. S. Jamil, Ahmed N. Al-Hakimi, Hussein M. A. Al-Maydama, Ghadeer Y. Almahwiti, Ashwaq Qasem, Sayed M. Saleh","doi":"10.1155/2024/2804165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2804165","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of metal nanoparticles through the use of plant extract is a process that is not only simple but also inexpensive, quick, and favorable to the environment. As a result, it is utilized in a wide variety of fields. When synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), several different kinds of plant extracts were utilized. The manufacture of silver nanoparticles was carried out in this study using an environmentally friendly technique. The aqueous extract of the Aloe fleurentinorum plant was utilized as a stabilizing and reducing agent. To determine the optimal conditions for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, it was necessary to investigate the impact of several parameters on the process. These parameters included the reactant volume ratio, pH values, temperature, and reaction time. To get crystallite and stable silver nanoparticles, an aqueous solution of AgNO₃ (0.01M) was added to an aqueous extract of Aloe fleurentinorum plant at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius and a pH of 8. The mixture was then stirred with a magnetic stirrer for ninety minutes (90 minutes). Using a variety of methods (UV-vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and XPS), several approaches were utilized to investigate and describe the green-produced AgNPs. Through the use of the SEM method, it was demonstrated that the morphology of AgNPs is tetrahedral. It was determined using X-ray diffraction that the size of crystalline AgNPs was 26.7 nm. AgNPs that have been optimally synthesized have antibacterial properties that are both significant and effective against various bacterial species that have been tested at varying doses.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139981453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Integration of Some Arbitrary Functions over an Ellipsoid by Discretizing into Hexahedral Elements for Biomaterial Studies","authors":"T. M. Mamatha, B. Venkatesh, P. Senthil Kumar, S. Mullai Venthan, M. S. Nisha, Gayathri Rangasamy","doi":"10.1155/2024/5321249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5321249","url":null,"abstract":"This study mathematically examines chemical and biomaterial models by employing the finite element method. Unshaped biomaterials’ complex structures have been numerically analyzed using Gaussian quadrature rules. It has been analyzed for commercial benefits of chemical engineering and biomaterials as well as biorefinery fields. For the computational work, the ellipsoid has been taken as a model, and it has been transformed by subdividing it into six tetrahedral elements with one curved face. Each curved tetrahedral element is considered a quadratic and cubic tetrahedral element and transformed into standard tetrahedral elements with straight faces. Each standard tetrahedral element is further decomposed into four hexahedral elements. Numerical tests are presented that verify the derived transformations and the quadrature rules. Convergence studies are performed for the integration of rational, weakly singular, and trigonometric test functions over an ellipsoid by using Gaussian quadrature rules and compared with the generalized Gaussian quadrature rules. The new transformations are derived to compute numerical integration over curved tetrahedral elements for all tests, and it has been observed that the integral outcomes converge to accurate values with lower computation duration.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Biochar Production via Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass Residual with Plastic Waste after Recycling Process","authors":"Sukanya Hongthong, Worachate Sangsida, Surachai Wongcharee, Aitsara Chanthakhot, Poramed Aungthitipan, Kowit Suwannahong, Torpong Kreetachat, Javier Rioyo","doi":"10.1155/2024/1176275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1176275","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass pyrolysis for oil production results in biochar byproduct, whose characteristics can be improved by the reuse of waste plastics. While the plastic recycling process leads to a large amount of plastic waste that cannot be reused, this underutilized feedstock holds the potential for coprocessing with biomass, thereby increasing the likelihood of producing valuable biochar products. This study sought to evaluate how the inclusion of plastic waste influences the pyrolysis of biomass residue. To this end, sawdust and hardwood biomass were chosen as materials to investigate how the presence of plastics might alter the properties of the resulting chars. Synergies were observed among the biomass components, particularly in samples with higher lignin content from hardwood biomass, which resulted in increased biochar yields. The results showed that a 20% blend of plastic waste with wood at 300°C produced a solid char with a yield of 40% by weight. Co-pyrolysis of the biochar derived from blends of 20 wt. % PP with both sawdust and hardwood resulted in significant enhancement of various properties of the resulting biochar, including surface area, carbon content, hydrophobicity, and aromaticity. This enhancement had a favorable effect on the carbon content and calorific values of the biochar. These enhanced properties significantly contributed to the biochar’s capacity for sorbing substances like various heavy metals. It can be proved that this result showed the importance of the energy content of biochar and its potential use for renewable applications. The beneficial combined effect seen in the plastic blends can be credited to the interaction between the biomass and polymer components, resulting in the production of fewer volatile products at higher temperatures. It can be suggested that biochar from biowaste and plastic waste not only reduces environmental impact but also converts it into a valuable and eco-friendly product.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139764316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogas Production through Anaerobic Codigestion of Distillery Wastewater Sludge and Disposable Spent Yeast","authors":"Abu Duguma, Tadele Bekele, Abera Geda","doi":"10.1155/2024/5510471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5510471","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing industrial transformation in developing countries, including Ethiopia, has resulted in a significant increase in harmful pollutants in the environment. Various industrial activities release toxic wastewater sludge and spent yeast into the surrounding ecosystem, posing risks to public health and the environment. However, these waste materials have the potential for energy extraction and recycling. This study aimed to investigate and harness the biogas potential through anaerobic codigestion of distillery wastewater sludge and waste yeast. The researchers employed a response surface approach utilizing Box–Behnken experimental designs (BBD) to assess the three key experimental parameters influencing biogas yield: pH levels (6, 7, and 8), volume ratio (85, 92, and 99%), and temperature (33, 36.5, and 40°C). Before and after the digestion process, the researchers measured the total solids (TS), biological oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and pH of all substrates. Additionally, measurements of temperature, total nitrate, and total phosphate were taken before digestion. The methane yield was modeled using a second-order polynomial through the BBD method in Design Expert software, with a <svg height=\"10.2124pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42943pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -6.78297 7.83752 10.2124\" width=\"7.83752pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g></svg> value threshold of ≤5%. The results showed that the maximum methane yield of 61.18% was achieved at a pH of 7, a temperature of 36.5°C, and a volume ratio of 92%. Conversely, the lowest methane yield of 40.13% was obtained at a pH of 6, a temperature of 33°C, and a volume ratio of 92%. The linear and quadratic values of the model (<i>A</i>, <i>B</i>, <i>C</i>, <i>A</i>², <i>B</i>², and <i>C</i>²) were determined to be significant terms, with <svg height=\"10.2124pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42943pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -6.78297 7.83752 10.2124\" width=\"7.83752pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-113\"></use></g></svg> values ≤5%. Overall, the biogas yields obtained from the anaerobic codigestion of distillery wastewater and waste yeast were promising. This process has the potential to effectively remove BOD₅, COD, and TS from distillery spent wash and sludge. The findings suggest that anaerobic codigestion could be a viable approach for both energy production and waste management in the setting of distillery waste.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139764514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Aerodynamic Noise Characteristics of Heat Exchanger Tube Bundles Based on a Hybrid URANS-FWH Method","authors":"Guofeng Huang, Heng Wang, Sheng Tian, Wei Tan","doi":"10.1155/2024/5100871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5100871","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the aerodynamic noise characteristics of heat exchanger tube bundles, with the objective of exploring the frequency and directional features of noise under nonacoustic resonance conditions, to provide assistance in determining acoustic resonance. To predict the flow-induced noise of tube bundles, this study employs a hybrid URANS-FWH method. The transition SST model of URANS is used to accurately simulate the turbulent flow field and obtain precise statistical data on turbulence. The FWH equation is utilized to predict and evaluate the intensity and spectral characteristics of the tube bundle noise. The research findings indicate that the noise generated by the heat exchanger tube bundle is affected by pressure pulsations resulting from vortex motion in the deeper regions of the tube bundles. Notably, within specific frequency ranges, the noise intensity experiences a significant enhancement, potentially triggering complex modes of acoustic resonance. This resonance phenomenon poses safety concerns for equipment and threatens the wellbeing of personnel. Consequently, this study provides a solid theoretical foundation for predicting and controlling noise in heat exchanger tube bundles, offering valuable guidance for practical applications.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139656829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Application in the Stabilization of Water-in-Water Pickering Emulsions: A New Technology for Valorization of Lignin from Sugarcane Bagasse","authors":"Marcelo da Silva Pedro, Davi Finamori Lopes Feitosa, José Daladiê Barreto da Costa Filho, Nathalia Saraiva Rios, Everaldo Silvino dos Santos, Domingos Fabiano de Santana Souza, Carlos Eduardo de Araújo Padilha, Jackson Araújo de Oliveira","doi":"10.1155/2024/7072901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7072901","url":null,"abstract":"Water-in-water (w/w) emulsions can mimic biological environments, and their stability is ensured by adding nanoparticles capable of adsorbing at liquid-liquid interfaces. To enhance the properties of w/w emulsions, there is a search for new sources of nanoparticles that are attractive for the food and biomedical fields. Thus, the present study investigated the use of sugarcane bagasse lignin (a cheap, nontoxic, and biodegradable polymer) as a source of nanoparticles for Pickering emulsions with maltodextrin (MD) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000). The nanoparticles were prepared from alkaline lignin (ALNP) and oxidized alkaline lignin (OLNP), and their application was performed using different dosages in the w/w systems (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1%, wt/wt). The nanoparticles presented different sizes, with OLNPs (327.8 nm) being smaller than ALNPs (689.8 nm). The systems with OLNPs showed better emulsification indices and smaller droplet sizes than systems with ALNPs. The concentration of nanoparticles and the volume of the dispersed phase influence the stability of the studied emulsion. The most promising stabilization results were obtained at a concentration of 1% wt/wt of OLNPs with an emulsification index of up to 63%. These results, combined with the extensive availability of functional groups in lignin, make this polymer a potential candidate for advanced studies of w/w emulsions.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139581009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response Analysis of an Experimental Study on the Effect of Speed and Premixed Fuel Ratio on Performance and Emissions in RCCI Engine","authors":"Habtamu Deresso Disassa, Venkata Ramayya Ancha, Ramesh Babu Nallamothu, Bisrat Yoseph, Getachew Alemayehu","doi":"10.1155/2024/8707726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8707726","url":null,"abstract":"Even though CI engines are more efficient than SI engines due to their ability to operate at a greater compression ratio, a leaner charge, and lower throttle losses, they have higher PM and nitrogen oxide emissions. The induction system modification with fuel port injection is used as a parameter in RCCI engine operations for controlling emission through in-cylinder charge reactivity and combustion phasing. By varying the amount of hydrous bioethanol in the premixed fuel injection ratio, the engine’s performance and emissions are greatly affected. In this study, an experimental investigation of a triple-fuel RCCI engine running on port-injected gasoline-bioethanol blend and direct-injected diesel fuel was conducted. Taguchi’s experimental design method was employed to assess the impact of various independent variables utilizing three set levels and two factors with the L9 orthogonal array. From the findings, the delta value shows the highest average response for each factor. Engine speed has the largest effect on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with the (delta value of: 10.7446, rank = 1), and the delta value of 38.96, rank = 1, has the largest effect on the response of means at engine speeds of 3000 rpm. The premixed fuel ratio of G25BE75 (delta: 87.30, rank = 1) has the largest effect on the standard deviation. The lines are not parallel in all emission and performance cases except for Tb and CO₂, which are close to parallel. The best means in engine speed and premixed blended fuel ratio were NOx, CO, HC, and brake power. At 3000 rpm, the speed had the larger main effect plots of SNR. The premixed fuel ratio of G25BE75 had higher main effect plots for means and standard deviations. The residues appear to have been dispersed normally based on a straight line by using a normal probability plot. The data are normally distributed, as demonstrated by the normal probability plot, and the factors had an impact on the response. Conferring to the experiment result, a high engine speed and higher ethanol content in the RCCI premixed fuel are preferred for reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), while unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) showed a slight increase.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139095788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}