International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Their Association with the Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors at Thika Level Five Hospital in Kenya","authors":"Thuita Ann Watetu, Kiage Nyanchama Beatrice, N. Arnold, Makokha O Anselimo","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20190402.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20190402.11","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes is a public health problem and one of the most common life threatening conditions globally, due to its related complications that are usually very costly to treat, with increasing number of people being diagnosed with this condition each year. Presence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risks in Type 2 Diabetes patients increases the risk to complications. The objective of this study was to determine characteristics of type 2 diabetes patients and their association with MetS and associated cardiovascular risk. The study employed a cross section design method. Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes were recruited for the study from Thika Level Five Hospital in Kenya. Socio-demographic, clinical and lifestyle data were obtained using questionnaires. The nutrition status was determined by anthropometry. Other laboratory parameters that were determined included total cholesterol (TC), high density cholesterol (HDL-c) and low density cholesterol (LDL-c), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), and blood pressure (BP). Overall 153 (40.5% men and 59.5% women) Type 2 diabetic patients aged 20-79 years were included in the study. The overall mean age of patients was 56.07 years. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 86.3% as per WHO criteria. The MetS components were elevated waist circumference (WC, 90.8%), increased waist hip ratio (WHR, 86.9%), elevated blood pressure (65.7% & 72.5%) and elevated triglycerides (64.8%). The prevalence of occurrence of the components of the MetS was not significantly different among male and female patients except for WC, BMI and reduced serum HDL-C where women were at a significantly higher risk than men (P≤0.00.). The current study showed that income was associated with elevated diastolic blood pressure (BP), secondary education and years lived with diabetes were associated with elevated TG, while occupation showed some association with high WHR. Additionally Gender, marital status and type of residence were associated with elevated HDL while education, family history of diabetes and alcohol intake was associated with obesity. The prevalence of the MetS and associated cardiovascular risk among Type 2 Diabetes patients was high and similar among males and females. Enhanced surveillance on Mets and associated cardiovascular risk in Type 2 Diabetes in addition to application of preventive measures are critical in order to reduce the risk of macro vascular complications as well as increased cardiovascular risks in Type 2 Diabetes patients.","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73908495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Capacity of Curcuma Longa and Viscum Album in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats","authors":"Nwozo Sarah Onyenibe, Nyam Augustine Nathaniel, Nwawuba Stanley Udogadi, Olukotun Oluwakemi Iyanu","doi":"10.11648/J.IJDE.20190401.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJDE.20190401.15","url":null,"abstract":"Plant based therapies may be a potent means of managing and preventing diabetes and currently, combination therapies are employed for the treatment of critical diseases. In view of this, the objectives of the present study was to investigate the hypoglycemic and antioxidant capacity C. longa, V. album and co-treatment with C. longa + V. album on diabetes and its related complication. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of C. longa and V. album were examined using standard procedures and the result revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and steroids respectively. Thirty six (36) male albino rats with the mean weight between 120-135g were divided into six (6) groups (n=6), group one (1) served as the normal control and there experimental groups were diabetic, induced with 150 mg/kg intraperitoneal alloxan injection. Body weight, blood sugar level, glycated hemoglobin, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, α-amylase, lipid profile, liver function and antioxidant markers were determined using standard procedures and the results revealed that, co-treatment with C. longa + V. album demonstrated an excellent weight reduction ability, hypoglycemic capacity, modulation of G6PDH, HBA1C and lipid profile, inhibition of α-amylase and enhancement of liver function and antioxidant levels. Therefore, co-treatment with C. longa + V. ablum can be a good therapeutic choice for the management of diabetes and its related conditions.","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73845698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobotanical and Ecological Studies of Plants Used in the Treatment of Diabetes in Kwango, Kongo Central and Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Adrien Masunda, C. L. Inkoto, G. Bongo, Joseph Desiré Oleko Wa Oloko, K. Ngbolua, D. Tshibangu, D. Tshilanda, P. Mpiana","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.14","url":null,"abstract":"Non-communicable diseases represent new challenges for the mankind in the fight for health improvement. Among these diseases, diabetes is a major contributor. Diabetes is a serious chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body is unable to use the insulin produced effectively. This survey was performed in Kwango, Kongo-Central and Kinshasa provinces respectively between October 2016 and September 2017. A questionnaire was administered to the target population in order to collect relevant data. Plant identification was carried out at the herbarium of University of Kinshasa. The findings revealed that the inventoried medicinal flora is made up of 68 species which are divided into 34 families of 58 genera; the leaf is the most commonly used part in the treatment of diabetes while maceration is the most commonly used method of preparation. The use of medicinal plants is reported in almost all age groups from 20-89 years of age but with a predominance among people aged 40-49 years. Trees and phanerophyte species predominate in the flora studied; the majority of users of these medicinal plants have a primary level of education. In-depth phytochemical and pharmacological studies need to be carried out on these plants with a view to their scientific validation in the diabetes management.","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82160942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of ripe Carica papaya Linnaeus seed in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats","authors":"Ebenezer Abimbola Morolahun, F. Ajao, S. Pemba","doi":"10.5897/JDE2018.0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDE2018.0127","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of ripe Carica papaya L. seed in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Diabetes is a metabolic disease associated with sustained hyperglycaemia. Diabetes has become a global threat because its incidence is increasing on daily basis. Pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and the possibility of its management by therapeutic agents without any side effects have triggered great interest in scientific research. So, World Health Organization has recommended and encouraged the use of alternative therapy especially in countries where access to the conventional treatment of diabetes is inadequate. Ripe pawpaw fruits were collected from a farm, washed, sliced and the seeds were removed. The seeds were air-dried, ground, sieved and the aqueous extract was prepared by dissolving 10 g of the powder in 40 ml of distilled water. Twenty albino rats were used for this research. The animals were divided into four groups, each group containing five animals. Groups 1 and 2 rats were diabetic and treated with 1200 and 400 mg/kg of aqueous extract of ripe C. papaya L. seed respectively, group 3 involves diabetic untreated rats, and group 4 the control rats. Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, serum proteins and some electrolytes were measured. Results of this experiment showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the fasting blood glucose. There was also a significant increase in the level of serum protein and some electrolytes toward the basal level. Concentrations of lipid profile were reduced in diabetic untreated rats. Effect of ripe C. papaya L. seed is duration-dependent and it has been shown from this research that aqueous extract of ripe C. papaya L. seed has an antidiabetic effect. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Ripe Carica papaya L. seed, metabolic disease, albino rats, blood glucose, serum protein, electrolytes, lipid profile.","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72725245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Contemporary Markers of Insulin Resistance","authors":"E. Lawson, Onuche Lawrence","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.13","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounnd: The era of non-communicable diseases has been here with us for a while. Diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and associated complications; have been the centre of interest for many researchers lately. Insulin resistance (IR) has taken a forefront position in this regard. Aim: Insulin resistance has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many metabolic disorders. It heralds the onset of many of these diseases many years before the clinical signs and symptoms. Method: A thorough literature search was done using internet academic search engines and indexation such Google scholar, hinari, Ebsco, Scorpus, etc. Results: Insulin resistance (IR), an independent risk factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome is assessed by several biomarkers. From the historical perspective till date, the authors assess the implication, connection and relevance from various studies to contemporary scientific breakthroughs in this regard for diagnosis and clinical application of markers of insulin resistance in patient management. Conclusion: It is hoped that with the advancement in medical research, more markers of insulin resistance will be discovered that will help in patient managements.","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87830919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antihyperglycaemic effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaf on alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats","authors":"Ebenezer Abimbola Morolahun, S. Pemba, Cassian Celestine","doi":"10.5897/JDE2018.0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDE2018.0126","url":null,"abstract":"This research was designed to investigate antihyperglycaemic impact of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaf on alloxan-induced diabetic male wistar rats. Diabetes is a metabolic disease linked to weakened sugar metabolism. Managing diabetes devoid of any adverse effect remains an issue to health system. Therefore, there is an increase in the search for better anti-diabetic medicine. M. oleifera leaves were air-dried, grinded, sieved and the aqueous extract was prepared. Twenty male wistar rats were used and these rats were grouped into four groups, five rats in each group. Group 1 and group 2 rats were diabetes induced groups treated with 100 and 400 mg/kg of aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaf respectively, group 3-diabetic untreated group, group 4-control group. Fasting blood glucose level, uric acid level and C-reactive protein level were measured by oxidase method, Uricase-PAP method and turbilatex method respectively. Results of this research work showed a significant increase in the fasting blood glucose level, uric acid level and C-reactive protein level in rats that were diabetic when compared with the control rats. However, treatment with 100 and 400 mg/kg of aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaf for a period of four weeks brought the fasting blood glucose level, uric acid level and C-reactive protein level toward the basal level significantly (P<0.05). The study showed that the aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaf has the potential to lower the elevated fasting blood glucose, uric acid and C-reactive protein levels toward the basal level in alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hyperglycaemia, Moringa oleifera leaf, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, C-reactive protein, health system, metabolic disease.","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85445600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge regarding diabetic complications among diabetic clients attending outpatient department in a tertiary hospital, Kathmandu","authors":"Nabina Paneru, R. Adhikari","doi":"10.5897/JDE2018.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDE2018.0125","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes, a known medical problem for more than two millennia, provokes complication in many parts of body and increase risk of premature death. Prevalence of diabetes is steadily increasing everywhere, most markedly in the world's low and middle- income countries. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a devastating disease but complications of Diabetes Mellitus can be prevented or delayed through proper awareness and preventive measures. The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with main objective to find out knowledge regarding diabetic complications among diabetic clients. Using non - probability purposive sampling method, 100 diabetic clients attending medical Out Patient Department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) were selected and data was collected using pretested semi - structured interview schedule. Findings of the study revealed that almost all (90%) respondents had knowledge on major symptoms of hyperglycemia and 82% knew about its immediate management. Regarding hypoglycemia two third (66%) had knowledge on major symptoms of hypoglycemia whereas almost all (92%) had knowledge on its immediate management. Almost all respondents (95%) knew diabetics have increased risk of loss of vision whereas only 13% knew about increase risk of nerve damage. The study showed significant association between knowledge level and educational status (p=0.000), economic status (p=0.008), and participation in diabetes counseling (p=0.005). Based on the findings, it was concluded that respondents' knowledge regarding DM complication is above average. However, there is need of health education on warning symptoms of diabetes complications and their preventive measures. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Diabetes mellitus, knowledge, diabetes complications.","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84603255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent-Reported Diabetic-Specific Health Related Quality of Life in Children Treated with Multiple Daily Injection, Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and Flexible Multiple Daily Injection: A Comparative Study","authors":"A. Shee, S. Prior, Nicole Reeves, Maria Smith, Sharon P Luccisano","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.12","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to identify differences in diabetes specific health related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) treated with three distinct types of intensive insulin therapy-multiple daily injection (MDI), continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and flexible multiple daily injection (fMDI). Materials and Methods: This survey was conducted in north west Tasmania over a 6-month period, during quarterly clinic visits. A well-known, reliable and validated survey tool -Paediatric Quality of life (PedsQL) Diabetes Module 3.0 was used to capture information about the diabetic specific HRQoL in children and adolescents. The parent-proxy version of the forms was completed by the parents electronically using iSurvey application to secure information regarding their children’s diabetes related symptoms (11 items), treatment barriers (4 items), treatment adherence (7 items), worry (3 items) and communication (3 items). All de-identified information was downloaded into an excel spreadsheet and SPSS V24.0 for further analysis. Results: 34 parents completed the electronic data forms on iSurvey. There were no statistically significant differences in HRQoL among the CSII, MDI and fMDI groups as determined by one-way ANOVA in diabetes {F (2, 31) = 0.517, p = 0.601}, treatment {F (2, 31) = 0.385, p = 0.684}, worry {F (2, 31) = 0.076, p = 0.927}, and communication {F (2, 31) = 0.672, p = 0.518}. Conclusion: Although, the impact of T1D on the HRQoL in children and adolescents is higher than the children without T1D, it appears to be independent of the types of three intensive insulin therapy generally used- CSII, MDI and fMDI, suggesting type of insulin therapy may not be the major influencing factor for children’ quality of life as revealed in this first of its kind study. A further study with higher number of participants and the additional impact of various glucose monitoring systems on the HRQoL is highly recommended, which may influence the decision of right therapy suitable for the entire family.","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85547248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfonylureas Induced Hypoglycemia in Diabetics - A Review","authors":"Adegbenga Bolanle Ademolu","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20190404.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20190404.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"71 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75863203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Weight Changes in Treated Primary Hypothyroid Subjects","authors":"Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20190401.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76089359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}