International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Modulation of chlorpyrifos-induced genotoxicty and oxidative stress by cow urine supplementation in male wistar rats","authors":"Shelly Sharma, Sukanya Mehra, P. Chadha","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.3113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3113","url":null,"abstract":"Due to extensive use of chemical fertilisers, pesticides and hormone injections our food is becoming poisonous and to eliminate such poisons from our body natural products can prove to be very effective. The therapeutic use of cow urine has a long history in India. And recently being considered as potent bio pesticide, the cow urine has been considered in the present study to evaluate its ameliorative potential against the oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced in the brain tissue of rat by intoxication of chlorpyrifos (CPF). Chlorpyrifos is a broad spectrum conventional organophosphate agrochemical used to control a variety of pests in agriculture and for domestic purposes. For the experiment the antioxidant potential of cow urine was measured by DPPH assay. Further in present inquisition ratswere divided into two groups, one exposed to1/8 th , 1/4 th and 1/2 of LD 50 of CPF and other group of rats were treated with cow urine consecutively for ten days prior to exposure of CPF. Brain tissue was collected after 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs of treatment. Symbolic elevation in %tail DNA, tail moment and MDA levels while reduction in SOD, CAT and GST activities was noted in chlorpyrifos treated groups as compared to control groups. The effect of dose was also ascertained for all parameters. On the other hand, pre-treatment with cow urine significantly abridged the effect of CPF intoxication. Thus, it appears from the study that cow urine ameliorates pesticide induced cancer insurgence in rat because of its high antioxidant levels and can be used as a viable potential substitute for anti-cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76832479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of mycorrhiza in food security and the challenge of climate change","authors":"I. Ortaş","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.311","url":null,"abstract":"Before the Industrial Revolution, the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere was 280 ppm and in time increasing fossil fuels use increased CO2 concentration up to 416 ppm in a preset time. Meanwhile, increasing population growth (around 8 billion) has also started to put serious pressure on soil ecosystem for more food production demand. With the demand for more food production, intensive chemical inputs and soil cultivation practices applied to the soil has increased the amount of CO2 released to the atmosphere. Increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere triggers global warming and climate change which is negatively affect plant growth and consequently food security. In order to ensure food security under climate change conditions, it seems that the need to re-enact nature's own mechanisms has arisen. In this context, it is aimed to reduce the effect of climate changes by keeping more carbon as a sink by operating the effects of plant root mechanisms on the soil health according to ecological principles. Under long term filed conditions the effects of different soil-plant managements, especially mycorrhiza fungi, were investigated. Since 1996, several researches have been carried out under long-term field studies to see the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and other microorganisms on carbon sequestration, as well as the emission of CO2 from the greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Regularly CO2 flux, emissions, photosynthesis rate, C, N sequestration and yield parameters are measured. Data are yearly evaluated. Results revealed that under long-term field conditions, organic fertilizers application and mycorrhizal inoculation sequestered more carbon in soil profile. It has been shown that, using animal manure, compost, biochar, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi significantly kept more carbon in plant tissue and soil. It is determined that there is an increase of 1.5 ppm CO2 concentration in atmosphere per year. It has been determined that especially long-term addition of organic matter and management of natural mycorrhizae increase soil organic carbon and accordingly soil quality and productivity increase. As the effect of climate change and population growth have significant negative impact on food security, definitely a new agriculture revelation is needed to overcome of climate and food security problem. Soil and plant management must be managed according to low-input ecological principles.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75192526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scent-marking of African Civet (Civettictis civetta, Schreber, 1776) in Aridtsy Forest, Western Ethiopia.","authors":"Dessalew Shitu Ayene, Bekele Tulu Bayissa","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.3117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3117","url":null,"abstract":"The civetry sites of African Civet were investigated in the Aridstey forest Western Ethiopia during August 2017-January 2018. The civetry sites were identified and the scent marking sites were also located. The scent markings were at the height of 32-39 cm above the ground and the civets scent marked mostly on Eucalyptus sp., Clausenia anisata, and Capsicum annuum in the present study area.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78300836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated weed management in chickpea under Doon Valley conditions","authors":"P. J. Khose, L. S. Vyvahare, P. Shinde","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.319","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2017-2018 at Doon (PG) College of agriculture science and technology Dehradun (Uttarakhand) using four herbicides combined with Hand weeding for effectively controlling of both groups of weeds, their effect on production economics on chickpea. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments consist of eleven weed management practices. We observed Weed free up to 60 days recorded minimum and significantly lowest total weed counts compared to rest of treatment then One hand hoeing at 15 DAS + one hand weeding at 30 DAS, pendimethalin 30 EC pre-emergence 0.700 kg/ha fb then one hand weeding at 30 DAS, pendimethalin 30 EC PE 700 g/ha. Weed index was recorded highest i.e 100 per cent with treatment weed free up to 60 days. The important growth attribute, viz. plant height, number branches/plant, crop dry matter accumulation and important yield contributing characters, viz. number pods/plant, number of seeds/pods, text weight, growth values, viz . grain and straw yield significantly in the treatment weed free up to 60 days and it as at per with one hand hoeing at 15 DAS + one HW at 30 DAS, pendimethalin 30 EC pre-emergence 0.700 kg/ha fb then one hand weeding at 30 DAS, pendimethalin 30 EC PE 700 g/ha. Economic study revealed that, the maximum net monetary returns were obtained with the treatment weed free up to 60 DAS (Rs 40758/ha) but it was at per with treatment one hand hoeing at 15 DAS + one hand weeding at 30 DAS, (Rs 29770/ha), pendimethalin 30 EC PE 700 g/ha, (29429/ha), pendimethalin 30 EC Pre-emergence 0.700 kg/ha fb then one hand weeding at 30 DAS, (Rs 27361/ha).Where, B:C ratio (2.20) is highest in also with the treatment weed free up to 60 DAS.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79425076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New record of Chiasmia emersaria (Walker, 1861) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from Jamshedpur, Jaharkhand (India), with distribution and host plants.","authors":"A. Husain, H. J. Husain, W. Hasan","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.3119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3119","url":null,"abstract":"The present communication deals with the new record of Chiasmia emersaria (Walker, 1861), a geometrid moth, from Jamshedpur, Jharkhand (India), with its systematic account, distribution, host plants and natural control measure.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75622270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption of organic pepper production practices among smallholder farmers in Rwanda- A case study of Bugesera district.","authors":"Gaspard Ntabakirabose, Felicien Ndaruhutse, C. Kyeyune, Y. Murindangabo, Joshua Etieno Ogweno","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.3118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3118","url":null,"abstract":"Bugesera is among the district located in Eastern Province of Rwanda where drought is a limiting factor for agriculture. Innovation and adoption of new technologies in agriculture is one of the keys that should reduce poverty in that area. The general objective of this study was to assess the level of the adoption of organic peppers production practices among smallholder farmers in Rwanda. A case study of Bugesera district. This study employed a cross-sectional survey design and a multi-stage sampling technique to select a sample of 150 respondents was used. The findings of logit regression analysis indicated that four factors such as education level, land size, farming experience, gender and enhanced soil fertility had positive and significant influence on adoption of organic pepper production practices. The demand for organic products creates new export opportunities. The market returns from organic agriculture can potentially contribute to local food security by increasing family incomes. The findings showed that the most common constraints to adoption of organic pepper production practices were lack of stable irrigation system, lack stable and reliable market, unreliable climate, high cost of inputs, lack of extension services, and inadequate capital respectively. Based on these findings, it was recommended that provision of training and technical advice on organic farming practices through agricultural extension services and developing information networks among farmers is vital, input subsidy, harvest(yield) insurance, financial inclusion (accessing affordable loans) is more crucial for stallholder farmers. Government should made effort in stable and durable irrigation systems, improvement of extension services through field visits and more effort in marketing of cash crops especially vegetables because are more perishable.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86664438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation about the lipid composition of some freshwater fishes.","authors":"B. Kumar, A. Jha","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.3121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3121","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we were study about the lipid composition of some fresh water fishes collected from Darbhanga locality. Fish is consumed in this Gangetic plain mainly for protein and lipids. Fishes contain unsaturated fatty acids as lipid-component. Accordingly, the study was conducted by selecting two river stretches of Darbhanga District. These included stretches of river Kamala located in village Pokharam and stretches of river Balan located in village Pohaddi. Fish collections was done with bag nets of standardized dimensions with several mesh-sizes. There is selection of Labeo rohita (Rohu), Labeo calbasu and Catla catla a plankton feeder, phytoplankton and detritus feeder respectively in water column. The health clues hidden in fish flesh consumption encountered through popular dailies and reviews (The Times of India, Sunday review, July.18 Aug.8 and Aug.22 and Dec.18, 2001) attracted the present attention on this particular problem. According to fat extraction by Soxhlet extraction method; fat content of Labeo rohita varied between 23-30% while the iodine value was in range of 90-102. The level of triglyceride could be measured between 402-410 mgm (%). The saponification value was recorded between 101-171.2 and acid value between 8.81and 9.21. Whereas, the fat contents of Catla catla was recorded between 24.6-26.7%, Iodine value in the range of 96-97, saponification value between 152.4-158.7 and acid value between 7.8-8.61. These values in L. calbasu were recorded as: fat content 25.6 - 27.1%; Iodine value 96-98; Saponification value 133.4-140.3 and acid value 6.93-7.6. The findings suggest that the total fat content in all the major carps were comparable to each other. The study also suggests that in general the fat content of fish increases during winter season probably on account of availability of quality food. However, with regard to  6 and  3 profile the Labeo rohita and Labeo calbasu the phytoplankton and detritus feeders respectively shows a better range of  3 fatty acids than Catla catla , a zooplankton feeder which appears to be rich in  6 fatty acids.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90045624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence Occupational Hazards among Dentists of Uttarakhand: A Descriptive Study","authors":"G. Pant, D. Vinay","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.3115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3115","url":null,"abstract":"Dentists are known to have occupational health issues, including dental threats of a physical, environmental, chemical and psychosocial type. The poor medical outcomes with occupational health issues include musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), eye injuries, vibration neuropathy and neurological problems. Problems such as contact dermatitis, hearing loss and irritation from dental products were also observed. Dental workers in the dental school and functional sector have a number of challenges including a range of occupational health threats as well as hazards such as the reactions of infectious diseases, pollution and vibration, as well as allergies to dental products. This study was conducted to assess occupational hazards among the dental surgeons of Uttarakhand. Among the study group of 80 dentists, 54 were males and 26 were females. Descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administrated questionnaire. The study reveals that mean percentage scores were found maximum in the area of ‘psychological hazards (90 %), followed by 72.70 per cent in the area of ergonomic hazard, 45.93 per cent in accidental hazard and only 1.67 per cent in the area of ‘physical hazard’. The chances of occupational hazards are more common in dentists. Almost all the private dental practitioners were suffering from the occupational hazards. Back problems were common. Regular training and workshops can help lower such problems.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80946403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Vehicular Pollution on Avenue Trees of NH-31 from Naugachhia to Begusarai.","authors":"S. Kumari","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.3122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3122","url":null,"abstract":"The major pollutant emitted from vehicles are Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxide, Hydrocarbons, Sulphur dioxide and Sulphur trioxides, tetraethyl lead and tetramethyl lead, etc. These pollutants directly affect the Avenue trees by reducing their Chlorophyll content, increasing Ascorbic acid and closing Stomata. To evaluate the effect of vehicular pollution on avenue trees of NH-31 from Naugachhia to Begusarai (Distance 113 Km) APTI of 10 plants were calculated. APTI ranged in between 7.067 to 13.755. The minimum was of Aegle marmelos and maximum of Acacia arabica followed by Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Azadirachta indica and Saraca indica.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89304521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil nutrient status under various land use systems in Padampur, Chitwan of Nepal","authors":"K. Bohara, Prakash Khanal","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.317","url":null,"abstract":"Various land systems show various soil properties and understanding the variation in soil properties within farmland use is essential. Thus, the study was conducted from July 2019 to September 2019 in Padampur, Chitwan of Nepal to examine the soil nutrient conditions of various land use systems by designing in Randomized Complete Block Design. Different land use systems silvipasture, forest land, fodder land, low land, upland and grass land were taken to conduct a study and each land system was replicated four times in different fields. Different land systems showed very low, low and medium total nitrogen content, high and very high available phosphorus, low and high potassium content, very low organic matter and neutral to alkaline pH. Among various land use systems, grass land had the highest total nitrogen percentage (0.11%) and fodder land recorded the highest available phosphorus (120.10 kg/ha). Further, the highest potassium content (134.59 kg/ha) was obtained in low land, forest land recorded the highest soil organic matter (0.31%) and the highest pH (7.94) was obtained in silvipasture.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72760395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}