International Dairy Journal最新文献

{"title":"Antioxidant effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei fermented goat milk on D-galactose-induced oxidative aging in mice","authors":"Hongxiu Zeng ,&nbsp;Bini Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenquan Huo ,&nbsp;Fuxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yufang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidative stress is intricately associated with aging process and multiple aging-related diseases. This study evaluated the antioxidant effects of goat milk fermented by two novel <em>L. paracasei</em> strains, Z33 and Z45, in a D-galactose-induced aging mouse model. Compared to normal yogurt, DPPH radical scavenging capacities of Z33 and Z45 yogurts significantly increased by 78.79 % and 48.52 %, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Liver activities of SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC, CAT, and IL-10 were significantly increased in mice consuming Z33-or Z45-fermented goat milk, while malondialdehyde and proinflammatory factor levels decreased. Z33-fermented goat milk was more effective than Z45 in modulating gut microbiota. Correlation analysis revealed positive links between <em>Lactobacillus, Akkermansia,</em> and <em>Gordonibacter</em> with IL-10, T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and negative correlations with MDA. In conclusion, both Z33 and Z45 fermented goat milk could regulate the intestinal microbiota homeostasis, alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation responses to varying degrees in an aging mouse model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13854,"journal":{"name":"International Dairy Journal","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artisanal cheeses from Minas Gerais, Brazil: microbiological quality and detection of Brucella spp.","authors":"Bruna Cardoso Coelho Galafassi ,&nbsp;Samera Rafaela Bruzaroski ,&nbsp;Isabelle Trannin Vieira ,&nbsp;Anna Julia Nunes Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Taina Oliveira Falcão ,&nbsp;Rafael Fagnani ,&nbsp;Sergio Tosi Cardim ,&nbsp;Lina Casale Aragon-Alegro ,&nbsp;Elsa Helena Walter de Santana","doi":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artisanal cheeses are made using raw milk and traditional methods, with minimal use of industrial ingredients, preserving regional identity. Due to the high consumption of cheeses and the growing demand for healthy foods, the microbiological quality and compliance with legislation of ripened artisan cheeses (n = 44) produced in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were analyzed. The samples, bearing a seal of inspection and matured for between 10 and 60 days, were assessed for the presence of psychrotrophs, molds and yeasts, total coliforms, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Brucella</em> spp. Groups A (n = 24) and B (n = 20) were comprised of samples obtained via e-commerce and purchased at the Municipal Market in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, respectively. Regarding spoilage microorganisms, 29.5 % (13/44) of the cheeses presented psychrotrophic populations above 10⁵ CFU g⁻¹ and 77.3 % (34/44) of the samples showed mold and yeast counts above 5 × 10³ CFU g⁻¹. As for total coliforms and <em>S. aureus</em>, 25 % (11/44) of the samples did not comply with the legislation. The correlation between the ripening time of the cheeses and the total coliform and <em>S. aureus</em> numbers was positive, but slight. The compliance rate of the samples with the legislation was equivalent between groups A and B, and <em>Brucella</em> spp. was not detected. Concerning high levels of spoilage microorganisms and quality indicators were observed, as well as the potential of food poisoning from consumption of the cheeses analyzed. The highest populations were found in Group B cheeses, pointing to probable transportation and storage issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13854,"journal":{"name":"International Dairy Journal","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique miRNAs of bovine milk extracellular vesicles and their plausible role in regulating intricate pathways of milk consumers: A bioinformatics study","authors":"Priyanka Goyal,&nbsp;Mansi Joshi,&nbsp;Roshan Mohiddin,&nbsp;Suneel Kumar Onteru,&nbsp;Dheer Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the years, tiny vesicles or extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from bovine milk have procured significant recognition for their potential role in intercellular communication and therapeutics, strengthened by the presence of regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) as their cargo molecules. These miRNAs can enter the milk consumer's or human body via EVs that protect them from degradation, potentially influencing their genes and cellular pathways affecting immunity, metabolism, or even disease processes. However, till date, none of the reports have specifically mentioned any bovine milk EVs-specific miRNAs and their plausible role in cross-species communication. In this study, we discovered 12 miRNAs unique to bovine milk EVs using a computational approach, and the selected miRNAs were found to affect 1933 human genes that are enriched in pathways linked to diseases like cancer. Likewise, the enrichment analysis of distinct clusters identified by the PPI network highlights the therapeutic importance of these unique miRNAs in cancer, inflammatory diseases, neurological disorders, and immunodeficiencies. Network analysis also identified key hub targets linked to pathways like HIF-1 signaling, cancer, etc. The findings suggest that the identified miRNAs and various biological pathways being regulated by them could provide valuable insights into the potential physiological functionality of bovine milk EVs and ultimately bovine milk in humans. Furthermore, the study provides a robust framework for future experimental studies to explore the effect of milk EVs on various pathophysiological processes in humans or milk consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13854,"journal":{"name":"International Dairy Journal","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145419799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NS2301M promotes adipose browning and demonstrates applicability as a functional adjunct culture in yogurt fermentation","authors":"Garam Yang ,&nbsp;Eunjeong Hong ,&nbsp;Kiyeop Kim ,&nbsp;Byungwook Son ,&nbsp;Jonghoon Kim ,&nbsp;Sejong Oh ,&nbsp;Eungseok Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functional probiotics combining physiological efficacy with dairy fermentation compatibility are desirable. Therefore, <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> NS2301M (NS2301M)'s metabolic efficacy and applicability in dairy fermentations were evaluated. Oral administration of NS2301M to high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice improved their insulin sensitivity and cold tolerance, and upregulated genes involved in oxidation and thermogenesis. Mechanistically, NS2301M suppressed HFD-induced <em>Keap1</em> expression, which enhanced sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated deacetylation and activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). The resulting induction of PPARγ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and <em>Ucp1</em> expression promoted white adipose tissue browning, mitochondrial biogenesis, and oxygen consumption in adipocytes. To assess applicability in yogurt fermentation, NS2301M was co-cultured with <em>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</em> subsp. <em>bulgaricus</em> and <em>Streptococcus thermophilus</em>. <em>The findings demonstrated that NS2301M promotes adipose browning</em> via Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (<em>Keap1) inhibition, while maintaining full compatibility as a functional adjunct culture in yogurt fermentation highlights its potential in developing functional fermented dairy products.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":13854,"journal":{"name":"International Dairy Journal","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145620888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane-based isolation of milk bioactive compounds: Technological advances, nutritional and biological significance","authors":"Ankit Bihola,&nbsp;Ashish Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Gaurav Kr Deshwal,&nbsp;Heena Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Milk is rich in bioactive compounds, including proteins, oligosaccharides, and peptides, which possess superior nutritional and functional properties. Membrane technology has emerged as a versatile technique for the isolation and purification of bioactive compounds, offering precise and efficient fractionations. This review aims to evaluate the role of membrane techniques in the selective separation and enrichment of bioactive compounds from milk. Key focus areas include the isolation of β-casein, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, glycol-macro-peptides and milk oligosaccharides. The review discusses various membrane processes, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, diafiltration, and their combinations, as applied to milk. Parameters such as membrane pore size, molecular weight cut-off, temperature, and process duration are discussed in relation to their impact on yield and purity. The integration of ultrafiltration with other techniques, such as ion-exchange chromatography and enzymatic hydrolysis, is also discussed. β-casein achieved up to 92.64 % purity and 18.07 % yield using cold microfiltration-diafiltration followed by warm ultrafiltration with specific membrane configurations. α-lactalbumin was obtained with purities exceeding 90 % through ultrafiltration combined with thermal precipitation or enzymatic hydrolysis. Lactoferrin yielded 94.20 % purity with high recovery using a two-step ultrafiltration process coupled with cation exchange chromatography. Ultrafiltration processes demonstrated potential for isolating milk oligosaccharides, though challenges such as low molecular weight differences with lactose reduced efficiency. Among all membrane techniques, ultrafiltration is a highly effective method for isolating and purifying bioactive compounds from milk. While it offers scalability and efficiency, optimization of process parameters and integration with complementary techniques to address limitations such as membrane fouling and low selectivity for smaller molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13854,"journal":{"name":"International Dairy Journal","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145526389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interaction mechanism between exopolysaccharide LHP1 of Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1 and casein subunits","authors":"Zhiwen Ge ,&nbsp;Dan Wang ,&nbsp;Tianwen Zheng ,&nbsp;Ahmadullah Zahir ,&nbsp;Peiyou Qin ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chemistry and molecular mechanisms by which exopolysaccharide from <em>Lactobacillus helveticus</em> MB2-1 (LHP) improve the stability of fermented milk remain elusive despite significant research progress on understanding milk protein-exopolysaccharide interaction. In this study, the main component of <em>L. helveticus</em> MB2-1 exopolysaccharide (LHP1)-casein (CAS) subunits complexes were designed and utilized to investigate the effects of polysaccharide addition on chemical interactions and properties of the α_S₁-CAS-LHP1, β-CAS-LHP1, κ-CAS-LHP1 complexes. The addition of LHP1 significantly increased the particle size, zeta potential, and improved microstructure of the α_S1-CAS-LHP1, β-CAS-LHP1, and κ-CAS-LHP1 complexes, which enhanced the structural stability of the gel system mainly through increased hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds, as well as electrostatic interaction. The enhanced structural stability of the κ-CAS and LHP1 complex system was driven by the strong receptor-ligand interaction affinity of κ-CAS and LHP1 complex system, which was greater than that of α_S1-CAS-LHP1, β-CAS-LHP1 composite gel. The study provided detailed information on how polysaccharide LHP1 addition promoted the stability of casein gel and provided scientific evidence to facilitate the application of LHP1 in the food industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13854,"journal":{"name":"International Dairy Journal","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145620885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whey protein and stevia differentially alter gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolism of adults with metabolic syndrome in an in vitro human colonic model","authors":"Natalie Noble ,&nbsp;Shiqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Guo ,&nbsp;Li Chen ,&nbsp;Huan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiangjiang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolic syndrome, characterized by clustered metabolic risk factors, poses growing public health concerns. Recent research links it to gut dysbiosis, intestinal permeability, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance<em>.</em> Whey protein promotes probiotic growth and microbial diversity, while stevia, a non-caloric sweetener commonly added to whey, may disrupt gut microbiota balance and counteract whey's effects. This study investigated whey and stevia's impacts on gut microbiota composition from metabolic syndrome patients using an <em>in-vitro</em> human colonic model, genomics and metabolomics. Bray-Curtis Dissimilarity analysis revealed whey significantly altered gut beta diversity, while stevia did not, but counteracted whey-induced shifts. Both differentially modified genus and species composition: whey significantly increased <em>Bacteroides</em> and <em>Lactococcus</em> while stevia increased <em>Streptococcus salivarius</em> and <em>Bacteroides</em>. Metabolomics revealed distinct regulation of key metabolites including essential fatty acids and amino acids. These findings suggest differential impacts of whey and stevia on gut microbiota and metabolism, warranting further mechanistic investigation in metabolic syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13854,"journal":{"name":"International Dairy Journal","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145620887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of certified pasture-fed cream on the physical properties of mix and ice cream during storage","authors":"Andrea Balivo ,&nbsp;Alessandro Genovese ,&nbsp;Giorgia Purcaro ,&nbsp;Sabine Danthine","doi":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the growing popularity of pasture-fed dairy, its effects on ice cream properties remain underexplored. This study investigated the physical properties of emulsions and ice creams made with certified pasture-fed cream versus conventional cream. Creams were characterised by fatty acid profiles and thermal properties. All ice cream formulations were standardised to 10.5 % milk fat, 11 % milk solids-not-fat, 13 % sucrose, 0.2 % stabilisers and 0.2 % emulsifiers. Pasture-fed cream showed lower saturated and higher unsaturated and branched-chain fatty acids, leading to lower solid fat content, crystallization enthalpy, and melting temperature. The aged pasture-fed mix exhibited lower solid fat, viscosity, and viscoelastic moduli. Ice creams made with pasture-fed cream showed lower hardness, particularly after one month, and a higher melting rate. Over 12 weeks, hardness and fat agglomeration increased in all samples. These findings may support the development of ice creams formulated with pasture-fed dairy ingredients, contributing to product innovation and differentiation in the dairy sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13854,"journal":{"name":"International Dairy Journal","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145419787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of starch adulteration in commercial yogurts by infrared spectroscopy associated with chemometry","authors":"Mariana Romana Correia Santos,&nbsp;Heliara Caires Sousa,&nbsp;Amanda Beatriz Sales de Lima,&nbsp;Josane Cardim de Jesus,&nbsp;Samara Silva Santos,&nbsp;Leandro Soares Santos,&nbsp;Sibelli Passini Barbosa Ferrão","doi":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to investigate the adulteration of yogurt by starch using a combination of mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics. To create standard samples for developing classification and prediction models, nine yogurt formulations with starch concentrations ranging from 0 % to 2.0 % were produced. Both the starches and yogurts were characterized and analyzed using MIR and NIR spectroscopy, with the data further examined through multivariate techniques. After developing the multivariate models, 42 commercial samples were analyzed to ensure compliance with regulations regarding the concentration of added starch. The application of PCA to spectroscopic data was effective in the exploratory screening of commercial yogurt samples for starch concentration. The prediction models showed excellent performance, identifying starch adulteration &gt;1 % in 38 % of commercial samples using MIR and 19 % using NIR. The results obtained showed that the techniques were effective in classifying and quantifying starch concentrations in ≤1 % and &gt;1 %, with emphasis on the models adjusted with MIR data, which provided more reliable parameters. MIR spectroscopy proved to be a fast and accurate alternative for predicting starch concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13854,"journal":{"name":"International Dairy Journal","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145419850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome sequencing analysis of extensively-drug resistance (XDR) and virulence determinants of Acinetobacter spp. isolated and characterized from milk and milk products in Anand, Gujarat, India","authors":"Subrota Hati ,&nbsp;Shirin Vahora ,&nbsp;Sandip Patel ,&nbsp;Janki Panchal ,&nbsp;Arun Patel ,&nbsp;Harshad Chauhan ,&nbsp;Kishan Sharma ,&nbsp;Pritesh Sabara ,&nbsp;Sejal Antiya","doi":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acinetobacter spp. are opportunistic bacteria that are increasingly found in raw milk in dairy farms, posing a public health risk due to their propensity to acquire and transmit antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The purpose of this study was to characterize <em>Acinetobacter</em> isolates from dairy cattle raw milk and milk products in Anand, Gujarat, India, using both phenotypic and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) approaches. A total of 120 raw milk and milk product samples were collected and analysed, from which 20 samples exhibiting <em>Acinetobacter</em> spp were 80 % MDR (Multidrug resistance) While two Extensively drug Resistance (XDR) These isolates were identified using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques, revealing oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, and non-fermentative profile. Species-level identification using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry confirmed the isolates as <em>Acinetobacter schindleri</em> SKN291 and <em>Acinetobacter indicus</em> SKN436. Both isolates were further analysed through whole-genome sequencing, and phenotypic analysis revealed that a high proportion of the <em>Acinetobacter</em> spp. isolates were extensively drug-resistant (XDR).</div><div>According to CLSI recommendations, phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated resistance to numerous types of antibiotics but still showed susceptibility to important last-resort medications like colistin and imipenem. WGS of <em>A. schindleri</em> SKN291 and <em>A. indicus</em> SKN436 produced high-quality genome assemblies (3.20 Mb and 2.85 Mb, respectively). These assemblies showed a wide range of AMR genes, including ones that make bacteria resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, and tetracyclines, as well as mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that facilitate horizontal gene transfer. <strong>Both isolates carried efflux pumps (</strong><em>MacA</em><strong>,</strong> <em>MacB</em><strong>,</strong> <em>MdfA/Cmr</em><strong>,</strong> <em>TolC/OpmH</em><strong>), multiple antibiotic target site genes, and target replacement proteins (</strong><em>FabG</em><strong>,</strong> <em>HtdX</em><strong>), with SKN291 lacking</strong> <em>gidB</em> <strong>and SKN436 harboring additional determinants including</strong> <em>OXA-134</em><strong>,</strong> <em>KatG</em><strong>,</strong> <em>BcrC</em><strong>,</strong> <em>GdpD</em><strong>,</strong> <em>PgsA</em><strong>, and the regulator</strong> <em>OxyR</em><strong>.</strong> Phylogenetic research validated the correct taxonomic classification and indicated evolutionary links with other <em>Acinetobacter species</em>. The identification of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in the dairy environment emphasizes the necessity of genomic surveillance, enhanced milk handling hygiene, and sensible antimicrobial usage in mitigating AMR concerns within a One Health framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13854,"journal":{"name":"International Dairy Journal","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145526424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}