Juri Ogawa, M. Shoji, Ryohei Kageyama, T. Wakayama, T. Higashiguchi
{"title":"Birefringence mapping of optical material by use of supercontinuum vector beams","authors":"Juri Ogawa, M. Shoji, Ryohei Kageyama, T. Wakayama, T. Higashiguchi","doi":"10.1117/12.2601123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2601123","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a supercontinuum vector beam analysis based on interactions between angular-variant polarization and birefringence in the solid state. The supercontinuum vector beam analysis provides both the two-dimensional distribution of the birefringence and the wavelength properties, from a single-shot image. The angular resolutions of the retardance and azimuthal angle are evaluated. The retardances were determined at 650 nm to be 92.9° ± 9.3° and 87.1° ± 18.7°, respectively. The spatial resolution of 60 μm and the resolution of the retardance was 12 mrad.","PeriodicalId":138407,"journal":{"name":"Photomask Japan","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117098477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tod E. Robinson, J. Leclaire, I. Mochi, R. Nebling, Y. Ekinci, D. Kazazis
{"title":"Ongoing development of ultrafast DUV pulse laser repair for EUV photomasks","authors":"Tod E. Robinson, J. Leclaire, I. Mochi, R. Nebling, Y. Ekinci, D. Kazazis","doi":"10.1117/12.2601395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2601395","url":null,"abstract":"In prior work, progress was shown in the systematic characterization of the process space for efficient and effective repair of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photomasks using an ultrafast (femtosecond) pulsed deep ultraviolet (DUV) laser apparatus. In this work, the full analysis and conclusions, along with any additional test results are shown. This includes an analysis of the impact of laser repair on the phase shift of the multilayer using multiple processes.","PeriodicalId":138407,"journal":{"name":"Photomask Japan","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124937640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Baranwal, Suhas Pillai, T. Nguyen, J. Yashima, Jim Dewitt, N. Nakayamada, M. Wahlsten, A. Fujimura
{"title":"A deep learning toolset to mask analysis with SEM digital twins","authors":"A. Baranwal, Suhas Pillai, T. Nguyen, J. Yashima, Jim Dewitt, N. Nakayamada, M. Wahlsten, A. Fujimura","doi":"10.1117/12.2601856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2601856","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-nanometer accuracy attainable with electron micrograph SEM images is the only way to “see” well enough for the mask analysis needed in EUV mask production. Because SEM images are pixel dose maps, deep learning (DL) offers an attractive alternative to the tedious and error-prone mask analysis performed by the operators and expert field application engineers in today’s mask shops. However, production demands preclude collecting a large enough variety and number of real SEM images to effectively train deep learning models. We have found that digital twins that can mimic the SEM images derived from CAD data provide an exceptional way to synthesize ample data to train effective DL models. Previous studies [1, 2, 3, 4] have shown how deep learning can be used to create digital twins. However, it was unclear if SEM images generated with digital twins would have sufficient quality to train a deep learning network to classify real SEM images. This paper shows how we built three DL tools for SEM-based mask analysis. The first tool automatically filters good quality SEM images, particularly for test chips, using a DL-based binary classifier. A second tool uses another DL model to align CAD and SEM images for applications where it is important that features on both the images are properly aligned. A third tool uses a DL multi-class classifier to categorize various types of VSB mask writer defects. In developing the three tools, we trained state-of-the-art deep neural networks on SEM images generated using digital twins to achieve accurate results on real SEM images. Furthermore, we validated the results of trained deep learning models through model visualization and accuracy-metric evaluation.","PeriodicalId":138407,"journal":{"name":"Photomask Japan","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127961961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic design of the build-in lens mask for three-dimensional photo lithography","authors":"Tomoaki Osumi, M. Sasago, M. Yasuda, Y. Hirai","doi":"10.1117/12.2598156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2598156","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic design systems of the Built-in Lens Mask (BILM) for three-dimensional photo lithography will be presented based on conventional feedback control procedure. The 3Dstructure, which is imaged by BILM sometimes missing the pattern due to optical interferences. By optimization of the BILM mask, the optical image becomes fine, smooth and unity.","PeriodicalId":138407,"journal":{"name":"Photomask Japan","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117247603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The study of a phase difference defect inspection technology","authors":"Tosyo Cho, Sui Ryu, S. Cho","doi":"10.1117/12.2595839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595839","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present results of long-term stability tests of a low-loss (<0.55 dB) hollow core fiber (HCF) to standard optical fiber interconnection prepared by modified gluing-based fiber-array technology. We measured insertion loss of three interconnected HCF samples over a period of 100 days at room temperature, observing a variation in insertion loss of less than 0.02 dB. Subsequently, we placed the HCF samples in a climatic chamber and heated to +85◦C in four cycles. Maximum insertion loss variation of 0.10 dB was observed for HCF samples with angled 8◦ interconnections and only 0.02 dB for a HCF sample with a flat interconnection.","PeriodicalId":138407,"journal":{"name":"Photomask Japan","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133514807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fundamental research activities on EUV lithography at NewSUBARU synchrotron light facility","authors":"T. Watanabe, T. Harada, S. Yamakawa","doi":"10.1117/12.2600896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2600896","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2019, EUV lithography has started to be used for the mass production of 7-nm-node-logic devices. However, many significant issues on EUV lithography still remain in the fabrication of future devices. The technical issues are the development technologies of resist, mask, and EUV light source. Therefore, many significant fundamental researches have been carried out at our facility. Here the EUV mask technologies is highlighted. It is described the fundamental research activities on EUV lithography at NewSUBARU synchrotron light facility, which is related with EUV mask technologies.","PeriodicalId":138407,"journal":{"name":"Photomask Japan","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121903292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Heya, T. Harada, M. Niibe, K. Sumitomo, Takeo Watanabe
{"title":"Damage-less removal of surface contamination using atomic hydrogen generated on heated tungsten mesh","authors":"A. Heya, T. Harada, M. Niibe, K. Sumitomo, Takeo Watanabe","doi":"10.1117/12.2597935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2597935","url":null,"abstract":"An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light with a wavelength of 13.5 nm has been introduced to 7 nm FinFET technology. Optical elements such as Mo/Si multilayer mirror in lithography equipment are contaminated with hydrocarbon during the EUV light irradiation. The reflectance of the mirrors is decreased by carbon contamination. Therefore, the removal method of the carbon contamination is required for reduction of maintenance cost. The surface treatment using atomic hydrogen generated by a heated tungsten mesh, called as atomic hydrogen annealing (AHA), have been investigated for cleaning of the optical elements used in the synchrotron facility. The Au/Cr/Si substrate, Ni mirror and Ni diffraction grating with carbon contamination were cleaned and the reflectance of the mirrors was recovered by AHA. In addition, the AHA conditions could be optimized for cleaning of Mo/Si multilayer mirrors from the relationship between the treatment conditions and degradation. Furthermore, to clarify the reaction of atomic hydrogen with not only C-C bond but also C-O bond, the graphene oxide (GO) film was also treated by AHA. The C-O-C bonds in the GO films were preferentially reduced by AHA. It is found that the surface contamination consisting of hydrocarbon and/or C-O bond on the optical elements is removed without damage. The ability of atomic hydrogen to clean the optical elements had been confirmed. The findings are useful for the advanced lithography technology using EUV light.","PeriodicalId":138407,"journal":{"name":"Photomask Japan","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127390632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spectra of high energy ions as debris in laser-produced plasma EUV source","authors":"Yuto Nakayama, Hiromu Kawasaki, T. Higashiguchi","doi":"10.1117/12.2601122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2601122","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the charge-separated spectra of highly charged suprathermal gadolinium (Gd) ions from a 1064-nm, nanosecond laser-produced plasma (LPP) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source developed for beyond EUV (BEUV) lithography. The charge distribution of these suprathermal ions emitted from a solid planar Gd target was measured by an electrostatic energy analyzer (ESA). The maximum ionic charge state was observed to be Z = 16 and to possess a maximum energy of about 15 keV at the optimum laser intensity of 2 x 1012 W/cm2 to produce the efficient 6.7-nm EUV emission. This evaluation provides important information essential for the development of debris mitigation schemes in the BEUV source for next generation lithography.","PeriodicalId":138407,"journal":{"name":"Photomask Japan","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132767741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takuto Fujii, Shinji Yamakawa, T. Harada, Takeo Watanabe
{"title":"Beyond EUV measurement at NewSUBARU synchrotron light facility","authors":"Takuto Fujii, Shinji Yamakawa, T. Harada, Takeo Watanabe","doi":"10.1117/12.2600986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2600986","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, EUV lithography technology with a wavelength of 13.5 nm was used for the mass production of semiconductor logic devices with 7 nm node. As with small feature size of electronic circuits in semiconductor device will be required in the future, beyond EUV (BEUV) lithography with exposure wavelength around 6.7 nm is a candidate for the next generation lithography. In BEUV, the developments of high-reflective multilayers, high-sensitive resists, and high-power light sources are critical issues. Thus, we have developed BEUV evaluation tools in NewSUBARU synchrotron light facility. Accurate BEUV reflectometry is significant for the development of high-reflective BEUV multilayer. For the accurate reflectometry, higher-diffraction-order generated from a monochromator should be suppressed. At the BL10 beamline at NewSUBARU, the components of second and third-diffraction-order light are 7% mixed into the BEUV measurement light. Mo transmission filter with a 200-nm-thick was previously used to suppress the higher-order light to 1/10, which was insufficient for target accuracy of 0.1%. We have developed a high-order-light cutting unit consisting of two mirrors with TiO2 coating, which suppressed the high-order light to 1/100.","PeriodicalId":138407,"journal":{"name":"Photomask Japan","volume":"282 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116084910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced AFM nanomachining: high aspect repairs","authors":"M. J. Cadena, Tod E. Robinson, Marty Klos","doi":"10.1117/12.2601389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2601389","url":null,"abstract":"Progress is aggressively being made to advance nanomachining photomask repair technology to the next level of performance. This next level would allow for the dimensional modification of surfaces using diamond AFM tips (NanoBits) with nominal aspect ratios (AR’s) greater than or equal to 1.3 (including 1.8) in the smallest features in production. Prior work along these lines will be presented with new results from a novel process with comparison to established nanomachining processes. These results will evaluate test repairs on the most advanced photomasks currently in production including OMOG and EUV.","PeriodicalId":138407,"journal":{"name":"Photomask Japan","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121949595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}