International Journal of Chronic Diseases最新文献_第5页

Efficacy and Safety of Daikenchuto for Constipation and Dose-Dependent Differences in Clinical Effects. 大kenchuto治疗便秘的疗效、安全性及临床疗效的剂量依赖性差异。

International Journal of Chronic Diseases Pub Date : 2018-03-05 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1296717

Tatsuya Hirose, Yasutaka Shinoda, Ayaka Kuroda, Aya Yoshida, Machiko Mitsuoka, Kouki Mori, Yuki Kawachi, Akihiro Moriya, Kouji Tanaka, Atsuko Takeda, Tomoaki Yoshimura, Tadashi Sugiyama

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Daikenchuto for Constipation and Dose-Dependent Differences in Clinical Effects.","authors":"Tatsuya Hirose, Yasutaka Shinoda, Ayaka Kuroda, Aya Yoshida, Machiko Mitsuoka, Kouki Mori, Yuki Kawachi, Akihiro Moriya, Kouji Tanaka, Atsuko Takeda, Tomoaki Yoshimura, Tadashi Sugiyama","doi":"10.1155/2018/1296717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1296717","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Daikenchuto (DKT) is a Kampo medicine used for the treatment of constipation. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of DKT against constipation.Patients and methods: Thirty-three patients administered DKT for constipation were selected and divided into low-dose (7.5 g DKT; n = 22) and high-dose (15 g DKT; n = 11) groups. We retrospectively evaluated weekly defaecation frequency, side effects, and clinical laboratory data.Results: Median defaecation frequencies after DKT administration (5, 5.5, 5, and 8 for the first, second, third, and fourth weeks, resp.) were significantly higher than that before DKT administration (2) in all 33 cases (P < 0.01). One case (3%) of watery stool, one case of loose stools (3%), and no cases of abdominal pain (0%) were observed. Median defaecation frequencies in the high-dose group (7 and 9) were significantly higher than those in the low-dose group (4 and 3) in the first (P = 0.0133) and second (P = 0.0101) weeks, respectively. There was no significant change in clinical laboratory values.Conclusion: We suggest that DKT increases defaecation frequency and is safe for treating constipation.","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2018 ","pages":"1296717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/1296717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36043744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Antihypertensive Medications and Change in Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease. 抗高血压药物与慢性肾脏病分期的变化。

International Journal of Chronic Diseases Pub Date : 2018-02-25 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1382705

Marina Komaroff, Fasika Tedla, Elizabeth Helzner, Michael A Joseph

{"title":"Antihypertensive Medications and Change in Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Marina Komaroff, Fasika Tedla, Elizabeth Helzner, Michael A Joseph","doi":"10.1155/2018/1382705","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/1382705","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The goal of this study is to estimate the change in the relationships between use of five classes of antihypertensive medications and stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in American adults treated for hypertension.Methods: The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data sets 1999-2012 were used with the final analytical sample of 3,045 participants. Population prevalence estimates were calculated using the NHANES survey design weights. Inferential analyses were done with binomial logistic regression models.Results: The odds of advanced (3, 4, and 5 combined) versus early CKD stages (1 and 2 combined) were significantly higher among patients treated with Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) versus those not treated with ARB in 2009-2012 (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.52 (1.32-4.80)). From 1999 to 2012, the increase in this relationship was significant (p = 0.0023) for users of ARB polytherapy and in users of ARB in patients with albuminuria (p = 0.0031).Conclusion: Aggressive pharmacological management of hypertension with ARB as add-on therapy may have accelerated kidney damage in American adults. However, prospective longitudinal studies are needed to establish proper temporal sequence in this relationship.","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2018 ","pages":"1382705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5845497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36032160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of Anemia, Overweight/Obesity, and Undiagnosed Hypertension and Diabetes among Residents of Selected Communities in Ghana. 加纳选定社区居民中贫血、超重/肥胖、未确诊高血压和糖尿病的患病率

International Journal of Chronic Diseases Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-08-15 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7836019

Alex Kojo Anderson

{"title":"Prevalence of Anemia, Overweight/Obesity, and Undiagnosed Hypertension and Diabetes among Residents of Selected Communities in Ghana.","authors":"Alex Kojo Anderson","doi":"10.1155/2017/7836019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7836019","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing numbers of lifestyle related chronic diseases in developing countries call for awareness, early detection, and effective management. The objective of this paper is to report the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension, diabetes, overweight/obesity, and anemia among residents of selected communities in Ghana. The data comes from a community screening conducted in Ghana as part of the University of Georgia Summer Service Learning Program. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data while chi-square and independent t-test compared groups. A total of 976 participants (37.9% males and 62.1% females), 18 years and older, were screened. Mean age was 46.25 ± 17.14 years, BMI was 25.44 ± 5.26 kgm-2, and hemoglobin was 12.04 ± 2.22 g/dL. 3.1% and 12.6% reported existing diagnosis for diabetes and hypertension, respectively. Almost half (47.8%) were overweight/obese; 27.0% were hypertensive while 34.0% had diabetes. Also, 28.8% males compared to 37.8% females had diabetes (P = 0.015), while 28.2% males compared to 26.2% females were hypertensive (P = 0.635). There were differences in BMI (P < 0.0001), anemia (P = 0.007), and undiagnosed diabetes (P < 0.0001) and hypertension (P < 0.0001) by community (Takoradi versus Cape Coast) where the screening took place. Findings from the screening exercise call for improved public health education with a focus on lifestyle habits and health seeking behaviors among Ghanaians.","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2017 ","pages":"7836019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/7836019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35342718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Metabolic Syndrome in Apparently "Healthy" Ghanaian Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 代谢综合征在明显“健康”的加纳成年人:系统回顾和荟萃分析。

International Journal of Chronic Diseases Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-10-09 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2562374

Richard Ofori-Asenso, Akosua Adom Agyeman, Amos Laar

{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome in Apparently \"Healthy\" Ghanaian Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Richard Ofori-Asenso, Akosua Adom Agyeman, Amos Laar","doi":"10.1155/2017/2562374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2562374","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. We systematically reviewed the literature towards estimating the prevalence of MetS among apparently \"healthy\" Ghanaian adults.Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Africa Journals Online, African Index Medicus, and Google scholar as well as the websites of the Ministry of Health and Ghana Health service through September 2016. Only studies conducted among apparently \"healthy\" (no established disease, e.g., diabetes and hypertension) adults aged ≥ 18 years were considered. Only studies that utilised the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP), World Health Organization (WHO), or International Diabetes Federation (IDF) classifications for MetS were included.Results: Data from nine studies involving 1,559 individuals were pooled. The prevalence of MetS based on NCEP-ATP, WHO, and IDF classifications was 12.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.3-17.4%), 6.0% (95% CI = 1.4-13.1%), and 21.2% (95% CI = 12.4-30.9), respectively. Prevalence of MetS was higher among women than men.Conclusion: Among a population of adult Ghanaians deemed \"healthy,\" there is a high prevalence of MetS. Preventive measures are required to address the risk components of MetS such as obesity and hypertension which are rapidly rising in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2017 ","pages":"2562374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/2562374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35600262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Lipid Profile in Tuberculosis Patients with and without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. 伴有和不伴有人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的结核病患者的脂质特征。

International Journal of Chronic Diseases Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3843291

Gebremedhin Gebremicael, Yemane Amare, Feyissa Challa, Atsbeha Gebreegziabxier, Girmay Medhin, Mistire Wolde, Desta Kassa

{"title":"Lipid Profile in Tuberculosis Patients with and without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.","authors":"Gebremedhin Gebremicael, Yemane Amare, Feyissa Challa, Atsbeha Gebreegziabxier, Girmay Medhin, Mistire Wolde, Desta Kassa","doi":"10.1155/2017/3843291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3843291","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Understanding whether the preceding low lipid profile leads to active tuberculosis (TB) or active TB leads to low lipid profile is crucial.Methods: Lipid profile concentrations were determined from 159 study participants composed of 93 active TB patients [44 HIV coinfected (HIV+TB+) and 49 HIV negative (HIV-TB+)], 41 tuberculin skin test (TST) positive cases [17 HIV coinfected (HIV+TST+) and 24 HIV negative (HIV-TST+)], and 25 healthy controls (HIV-TST-). Cobas Integra 400 Plus was used to determine lipid profiles concentration level.Results: The concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in HIV-TB+ patients were significantly lower compared to HIV-TST+ and to HIV-TST- individuals. Similarly, the concentrations of the TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C in HIV+TB+ were significantly lower compared to HIV-TB+ patients. After the 6 months of anti-TB treatment (ATT), the concentration levels of TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C in HIV-TB+ patients were higher compared to the baseline concentration levels, while they were not significantly different compared to that of HIV-TST+ concentration.Conclusion: The low concentration of lipid profiles in TB patients may be a consequence of the disease and significantly increased in TB patients after treatment.","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2017 ","pages":"3843291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/3843291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35241781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Hierarchical Modeling of Patient and Physician Determinants of Blood Pressure Outcomes in Hypertensive Patients with and without Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of Six Observational Valsartan Studies with 15,282 Evaluable Patients. 有糖尿病和无糖尿病高血压患者血压结局的患者和医生决定因素的分层模型:6项观察性缬沙坦研究的15282例可评估患者的汇总分析

International Journal of Chronic Diseases Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-09-25 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9842450

Noha Ashy, Thanh-Nga Nguyen, Kris Denhaerynck, Mahdi Gharaibeh, Abdulaziz Alhossan, Stefaan Vancayzeele, Heidi Brié, Ann Aerts, Karen MacDonald, Ivo Abraham

{"title":"Hierarchical Modeling of Patient and Physician Determinants of Blood Pressure Outcomes in Hypertensive Patients with and without Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of Six Observational Valsartan Studies with 15,282 Evaluable Patients.","authors":"Noha Ashy, Thanh-Nga Nguyen, Kris Denhaerynck, Mahdi Gharaibeh, Abdulaziz Alhossan, Stefaan Vancayzeele, Heidi Brié, Ann Aerts, Karen MacDonald, Ivo Abraham","doi":"10.1155/2017/9842450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9842450","url":null,"abstract":"We pooled data from 6 valsartan-related studies including 3,658 diabetic and 11,624 nondiabetic patients to evaluate blood pressure (BP) outcomes after approximately 90 days of second- or later-line valsartan treatment. Hierarchical linear and logistic regressions were applied to identify determinants of BP outcomes. Similar reductions in BP values and similar BP control rates were achieved in both groups after approximately 90 days of therapy. The modeling analyses identified several common and different patient- and physician-related determinants of BP outcomes for both groups, many of which are modifiable or clinically manageable. Through varying in terms of association and influence between the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, patient-related determinants included age, BP at diagnosis of hypertension, risk factors, valsartan regimen, concomitant antihypertensive treatment, and adherence; and physician-related determinants included gender, years in practice, and hypertension management. In summary, in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients, the use of valsartan-centric treatment regimens in second- or later-line antihypertensive treatment is associated with significant reductions in BP level and improvement in BP control. The determinants identified in modeling provide guidance to clinicians in the common and differential management of hypertension in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2017 ","pages":"9842450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/9842450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35253262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Achievements of Diabetes Goals and Their Determinants in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Outpatient Diabetic Clinic in Northern Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚北部2型糖尿病门诊患者糖尿病目标的实现及其决定因素

International Journal of Chronic Diseases Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-12-31 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5713187

Ezra Belay, Abel Abera, Aman Mehari, Gidey Gebremeskel, Asrat Endrias, Kedir Endris

{"title":"Achievements of Diabetes Goals and Their Determinants in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Outpatient Diabetic Clinic in Northern Ethiopia.","authors":"Ezra Belay, Abel Abera, Aman Mehari, Gidey Gebremeskel, Asrat Endrias, Kedir Endris","doi":"10.1155/2017/5713187","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2017/5713187","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to assess target diabetic goal achievements and to explore variables associated with them.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2015 and April 2016 on 188 type 2 diabetic patients attending Ayder Referral Hospital's outpatient diabetic clinic. Glycemic control was assessed using fasting plasma glucose values and total cholesterol and triglyceride were used to evaluate lipid profiles. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with poor glycemic control, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.Result: Mean duration of diabetes was 6.5 years. Combined glycemic, lipid, and blood pressure targets were achieved only in 8.5% of the participants. More males achieved combined targets than females. Separately, while above two-thirds of the patients had poor glycemic control (67%), more than half of the participants have had poor lipid (58.5%) and blood pressure (52.1%) control. A significant portion of the patients (68.1%) had also comorbidities other than hyperglycemia. In bivariate and multivariate analyses, longer duration of diabetes disease (AOR: 3.4; P = 0.013) and marked month to month fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability as measured by large standard deviation (AOR: 2.5; P = 0.023) were significantly associated with overall poor mean FPG results. Female sex was also significantly associated with dyslipidemia (AOR: 1.9; P = 0.049).Conclusion: The study showed that achievements of combined diabetic goals are generally poor.","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2017 ","pages":"5713187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/5713187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35848874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components among People with Type 2 Diabetes in the Ho Municipality, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study. 加纳Ho市2型糖尿病患者中代谢综合征及其组成部分的患病率:一项横断面研究

International Journal of Chronic Diseases Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-12 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8765804

James Osei-Yeboah, William K B A Owiredu, Gameli Kwame Norgbe, Sylvester Yao Lokpo, Jones Gyamfi, Emmanuel Alote Allotey, Romeo Asumbasiya Aduko, Mark Noagbe, Florence A Attah

{"title":"The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components among People with Type 2 Diabetes in the Ho Municipality, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"James Osei-Yeboah, William K B A Owiredu, Gameli Kwame Norgbe, Sylvester Yao Lokpo, Jones Gyamfi, Emmanuel Alote Allotey, Romeo Asumbasiya Aduko, Mark Noagbe, Florence A Attah","doi":"10.1155/2017/8765804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8765804","url":null,"abstract":"The cooccurrence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome potentiates the cardiovascular risk associated with each of the conditions; therefore characterizing metabolic syndrome among people with type 2 diabetes is beneficial for the purpose of cardiovascular disease prevention. This study aims at evaluating the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among 162 patients with type 2 diabetes attending the diabetic clinic of the Ho Municipal Hospital, Ghana. Data obtained included anthropometric indices, blood pressure, serum lipids, glucose, and sociodemographics and clinical information. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the study population was 43.83%, 63.58%, and 69.14% using the NCEP-ATP III, the WHO, and the IDF criteria, respectively. The most predominant component among the study population was high blood pressure using the NCEP-ATP III (108 (66.67%)) and WHO (102 (62.96)) criteria and abdominal obesity (112 (69.14%)) for IDF criteria. High blood pressure was the most prevalent component among the males while abdominal obesity was the principal component among the females. In this population with type 2 diabetes, high prevalence of metabolic syndrome exists. Gender vulnerability to metabolic syndrome and multiple cluster components were skewed towards the female subpopulation with type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2017 ","pages":"8765804"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/8765804","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34811977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 50

COPD in a Population-Based Sample of Never-Smokers: Interactions among Sex, Gender, and Race COPD在以人群为基础的不吸烟者样本中:性别、性别和种族之间的相互作用

International Journal of Chronic Diseases Pub Date : 2016-12-07 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5862026

E. Fuller-Thomson, Rachel Chisholm, S. Brennenstuhl

{"title":"COPD in a Population-Based Sample of Never-Smokers: Interactions among Sex, Gender, and Race","authors":"E. Fuller-Thomson, Rachel Chisholm, S. Brennenstuhl","doi":"10.1155/2016/5862026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5862026","url":null,"abstract":"This observational epidemiological study investigates sex/gender and racial differences in prevalence of COPD among never-smokers. Data were derived from the 2012 Center for Disease Control's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The sample consisted of 129,535 non-Hispanic whites and blacks 50 years of age and older who had never smoked. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted, with the latter using a series of logistic regression models predicting COPD status by sex/gender and race, adjusting for age, height, socioeconomic position (SEP), number of household members, marital status, and health insurance coverage. Black women have the highest prevalence of COPD (7.0%), followed by white women (5.2%), white men (2.9%), and black men (2.4%). Women have significantly higher odds of COPD than men. When adjusting for SEP, black and white women have comparably higher odds of COPD than white men (black women OR = 1.66; 99% CI = 1.46, 1.88; white women OR = 1.49; 99% CI = 1.37, 1.63), while black men have significantly lower odds (OR = 0.62; 99% CI = 0.49, 0.79). This research provides evidence that racial inequalities in COPD (or lack thereof) may be related to SEP.","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90274285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

The Microbial Hypothesis: Contributions of Adenovirus Infection and Metabolic Endotoxaemia to the Pathogenesis of Obesity 微生物假说:腺病毒感染和代谢性内毒素血症对肥胖发病机制的贡献

International Journal of Chronic Diseases Pub Date : 2016-11-24 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7030795

Amos Tambo, Mohsin H. K. Roshan, N. Pace

{"title":"The Microbial Hypothesis: Contributions of Adenovirus Infection and Metabolic Endotoxaemia to the Pathogenesis of Obesity","authors":"Amos Tambo, Mohsin H. K. Roshan, N. Pace","doi":"10.1155/2016/7030795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7030795","url":null,"abstract":"The global obesity epidemic, dubbed “globesity” by the World Health Organisation, is a pressing public health issue. The aetiology of obesity is multifactorial incorporating both genetic and environmental factors. Recently, epidemiological studies have observed an association between microbes and obesity. Obesity-promoting microbiome and resultant gut barrier disintegration have been implicated as key factors facilitating metabolic endotoxaemia. This is an influx of bacterial endotoxins into the systemic circulation, believed to underpin obesity pathogenesis. Adipocyte dysfunction and subsequent adipokine secretion characterised by low grade inflammation, were conventionally attributed to persistent hyperlipidaemia. They were thought of as pivotal in perpetuating obesity. It is now debated whether infection and endotoxaemia are also implicated in initiating and perpetuating low grade inflammation. The fact that obesity has a prevalence of over 600 million and serves as a risk factor for chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus is testament to the importance of exploring the role of microbes in obesity pathobiology. It is on this basis that Massachusetts General Hospital is sponsoring the Faecal Microbiota Transplant for Obesity and Metabolism clinical trial, to study the impact of microbiome composition on weight. The association of microbes with obesity, namely, adenovirus infection and metabolic endotoxaemia, is reviewed.","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87373978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12