International Journal of Chronic Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus among Patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Andargachew Kassa,&nbsp;Endrias Markos Woldesemayat","doi":"10.1155/2019/2509242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2509242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The burden of noncommunicable disease (NCD) in Africa is on a remarkable rise exacerbating the poor public health status affected by the existing but yet unsolved communicable disease. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity of evidence regarding prevalence and risk factors to NCD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study sought to determine the prevalence of risk factors of NCDs, prevalence of DM and HTN, and risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This is an institution based cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 411 clients attending a university-based comprehensive specialized hospital in Southern Ethiopia. The data was collected by using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and observational checklist. Frequency, proportions, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 20.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>We identified 64.2% of the clients had at least one of the risk factors to the NCDs. One-third (33.3%) had physical inactivity, whereas 20.2% had a BMI of ≥ 25%. The prevalence of DM and HTN was 12.2% and 10.5%, respectively. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that age ≥ 60 years, physical inactivity, higher BMI, and cigarette smoking were risk factors for at least one of the NCDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of DM and prevalence of HTN were high. The magnitudes of risk factors to NCDs among the study population were substantial. Higher BMI, physical inactivity, low fruit and vegetable consumption, alcohol use, khat chewing, and cigarette smoking were among the prevailing risk factors identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2019 ","pages":"2509242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/2509242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37235858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of CCL2, CCR5, ELMO1, and IL8 Polymorphism with Diabetic Nephropathy in Malaysian Type 2 Diabetic Patients.","authors":"Mohd Jokha Yahya, Patimah Binti Ismail, Norshariza Binti Nordin, Abdah Binti Md Akim, Wan Shaariah Binti Md Yusuf, Noor Lita Binti Adam, Maryam Jamielah Yusoff","doi":"10.1155/2019/2053015","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/2053015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The unique variants or biomarkers of individuals help to understand the pathogenesis as well as the potential risk of individuals or patients to diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a genetic polymorphism of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2-rs3917887), chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5-rs1799987), engulfment and cell mortality (ELMO1-rs74130), and interleukin-8 (IL8-rs4073) with the development of DN among Malaysian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. More than one thousand diabetic patients were examined and a total of 652 T2DM patients were tested comprising 227 Malays (nonnephrotic=96 and nephrotic=131), 203 Chinese (nonnephrotic=95 and nephrotic=108), and 222 Indians (nonnephrotic=136 and nephrotic=86). DNA Sequenom mass ARRAY was employed to identify polymorphisms in CCL2, CCR5, ELMO1, and IL8 genes. DNA was extracted from the secondary blood samples taken from the T2DM patients. The alleles and genotypes were tested using four genetic models and the best mode of inheritance was chosen. CCR5 rs1799987 (G>A) showed strong association with the development of diabetic nephropathy only among the Chinese with OR=6.71 (2.55-17.68) 95% CI while IL8 rs4073 (T>A) showed association with nephropathy only among the Indians with OR=1.57 (0.66-3.71) 95% CI. The additive model was the best model for the mode of inheritance of all the genes. The contribution of genetic variants differs across ethnic groups or background. Further studies which involve environmental risk factors should be taken into consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2019 ","pages":"2053015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6333004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36923943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Traffic Related Air Pollution and the Development of Asthma Phenotypes in Children: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nelson Lau,&nbsp;Alex Norman,&nbsp;Mary Jane Smith,&nbsp;Atanu Sarkar,&nbsp;Zhiwei Gao","doi":"10.1155/2018/4047386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4047386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Traffic related air pollution (TRAP) has long been associated with the onset of childhood asthma. The relationship between TRAP exposure and the development of childhood asthma phenotypes is less understood. To better understand this relationship, we performed a systematic review of the literature studying childhood TRAP exposure and the development of childhood asthma and wheezing phenotypes (transient, persistent, and late-onset asthma/wheezing phenotypes).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for current literature, returning 1706 unique articles. After screening and selection, 7 articles were included in the final review. Due to the low number of articles, no meta-analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TRAP exposure appears to be associated with both transient and persistent asthma/wheezing phenotypes. However, there was little evidence to suggest a relationship between TRAP exposure and late-onset asthma/wheezing. The differing results may be in part due to the heterogeneity in study methods and asthma/wheezing phenotype definitions, in addition to other factors such as genetics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TRAP exposure may be associated with transient and persistent asthma/wheezing phenotypes in children. The low number of studies and differing results suggest that further studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2018 ","pages":"4047386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/4047386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36842961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Women of Child Bearing Age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Kumera Terfa Kitila,&nbsp;Lemi Mosisa Sori,&nbsp;Daniel Melese Desalegn,&nbsp;Kassu Desta Tullu","doi":"10.1155/2018/5183713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5183713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early detection and treatment of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori)</i> infection in women of child bearing ages may reduce the risk of maternal health disorder. This study was conducted to determine the burden of <i>H. pylori</i> infections and associated risk factors among women of child bearing ages in Kolfe Keranio Subcity Woreda 9 Health Centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Facility based cross sectional study design was conducted from April to October 2015. The study recruited 195 pregnant and 137 nonpregnant women with age range of 16-40 years. Sociodemographic data of study participants were collected by structured questionnaire. Venous blood was analyzed to determine hemoglobin, <i>H. pylori</i> stool antigen test kit was used to assess <i>H. pylori</i> infection, and fresh fecal (stool) was used to examine intestinal parasites among study subjects. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model using odds ratio (OR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. P-value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall burden of <i>H. pylori</i> infection among study participants was 29% (96/332). <i>H. pylori</i> infection was statistically significantly associated with pregnancy status (AOR: 1.825, CI (1.42-2.15), P=0.020), history of hyperemesis gravidarum (AOR=7.028, C.I (2.47-19.99), P=0.018), and low hemoglobin value (AOR=0.177, CI (0.083-0.379), p=0.003). There was no statistically significant association between <i>H. pylori</i> infection and sociodemographic characteristics and some expected risk factors like smoking, Khat chewing, alcohol drinking habit, and presence of intestinal parasites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, <i>H. pylori</i> infection was still a public health problem in the study area. <i>H. pylori</i> infected women also had high rate of anemia compared to women who had not <i>H. pylori</i> infected. Hence clinician and other responsible bodies should give a special attention for women who had been infected with <i>H. pylori</i>. Further large case control studies are warranted to understand more the role of <i>H. pylori</i>, HG, and other associated risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2018 ","pages":"5183713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/5183713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36817341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome among Sri Lankan Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using WHO, NCEP-ATP III, and IDF Definitions.","authors":"H M M Herath,&nbsp;N P Weerasinghe,&nbsp;T P Weerarathna,&nbsp;A Amarathunga","doi":"10.1155/2018/7813537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7813537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, recognition of MetS in type 2 DM is important in initiating the appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures. The commonly used definitions have similarities and discrepancies. Aims of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MetS among patients with type 2DM using all three well known (WHO, IDF, and NCEP-ATP III) definitions and to identify the concordance and the difference of these three definitions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included patients with type 2 DM who were followed up at the regional diabetes centre in Galle, Sri Lanka. A total of 2913 type 2 DM patients were recruited by convenient sampling method, and their clinical and biochemical data were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age (SD) of the sample was 49.9 (10.2) years and the mean duration of diabetes was 5.04 (5.71). Prevalence of MetS was highest by WHO (70%) followed by IDF (44%) and NCEP-ATP III (29%) definitions. The prevalence was significantly higher in women according to all three definitions, and the difference was most marked with NCEP-ATP III and IDF definitions. Around 25% were identified as having MetS by all three definitions whereas around 45% were recognized with MetS by two definitions. While concordances between WHO with IDF (0.37, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and NCEP-ATP III (0.24, <i>p</i> < 0.001) criteria were poor, they were average (0.53, <i>p</i> < 0.001) between NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of MetS among patients with type 2 DM can significantly be varied based on the definition used and the three definitions of MetS recognized different set of individuals. The highest prevalence of MetS was observed with WHO (70.6%) whereas lowest was observed with NCEP-ATP III definition.</p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2018 ","pages":"7813537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/7813537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36456197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication Noncompliance among Patients with Chronic Diseases Attending a Primary Health Facility in a Periurban District in Ghana.","authors":"Bright Addo,&nbsp;Sally Sencherey,&nbsp;Michael N K Babayara","doi":"10.1155/2018/7187284","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/7187284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the growing interest in understanding the aetiology of chronic diseases, limited studies exist on medication noncompliance, especially, among periurban and rural dwellers in Ghana. In this study, we determined the prevalence of medication noncompliance and explored the medication intake behaviour of patients with chronic diseases. The relative influence of cost on medication noncompliance and the risk factors for noncompliance were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The design was a cross-sectional study of 200 patients from ages below 40 years to ages above 60 years sampled from the Offinso South Municipality, a periurban district of the Ashanti region of Ghana. Data collected through the administration of structured questionnaires was coded, cleaned, and analysed using the SPSS (v20) software programme. Descriptive and multivariate analyses using binary logistic regression were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Medication noncompliance was high (55.5%), with patients living with HIV/AIDS and those with psychological disorders being the most noncompliant. Majority of patients took at least 2 medications (81.5%), did so twice daily (79.0%), did not experience side effects with intake (67.0%), considered their medication to be effective (88.5%), and were aware of the complications that could arise from noncompliance. The dominant route of medication intake was oral (86.8%) and a lesser proportion of patients (22.5%) took herbal preparation alongside their prescribed medications. The cost of medication did not prevent patients from adhering to their medication regimen as most of these drugs were covered by the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Age, duration of diagnosis and difficulty in remembering medication instructions were identified as significant predictors of noncompliance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Educating patients on the need to be compliant with their medication regimen, the complications that could arise from noncompliance and avoidance of intake of herbal medications during their treatment should form part of the clinical sessions organized for patients with chronic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2018 ","pages":"7187284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/7187284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36288971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical Cancer Awareness among Women in Tanzania: An Analysis of Data from the 2011-12 Tanzania HIV and Malaria Indicators Survey.","authors":"Fabiola V Moshi,&nbsp;Elisa B Vandervort,&nbsp;Stephen M Kibusi","doi":"10.1155/2018/2458232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2458232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Awareness about cervical cancer is a first step in the process of screening and early treatment. The purpose of this study was to provide better understanding of basic knowledge about cervical cancer among women of reproductive age in Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were analyzed from the 2011-2012 Tanzania HIV and Malaria Indicators Survey (THMIS) and a sample of 5542 sexually active women from 15 to 49 years of age were included in the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall knowledge about cervical cancer was high among interviewed women. Only 30.9% of women had never heard about cervical cancer. The predictors of awareness were having secondary or more level of education (AOR = 3.257, 95% CI 2.328-4.557, <i>p</i> < 0.001), residing in urban (AOR = 1.365, 95% CI 1.093-1.705, <i>p</i> < 0.01), being affluent (AOR = 2.685, 95% CI 2.009-3.587, <i>p</i> < 0.001), having one to four children (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.032-1.793), and age of 30-34 years (AOR = 3.15, 95% CI 2.353-4.220, <i>p</i> < 0.001), 35-39 years (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.831-3.308, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and 40-44 years (AOR = 3.46, 95% CI 2.497-4.784, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the cervical cancer landscape in Tanzania has evolved since this survey, coverage has not yet been achieved and access to cervical cancer prevention services for rural women and girls remains a concern. Women who were least likely to be aware of cervical cancer were rural women, less affluent women, those with limited education, and those with limited access to the formal economy. Arguably, these are the women who are most at risk for cervical cancer. To close this gap, Tanzania's ongoing efforts to increase access to high-quality cervical cancer prevention services for all women at risk are commendable.</p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2018 ","pages":"2458232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/2458232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36183056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tenofovir-Based Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated with Superior CD4 T Cells Repopulation Compared to Zidovudine-Based HAART in HIV 1 Infected Adults.","authors":"Vitus Sambo Badii,&nbsp;Kwame Ohene Buabeng,&nbsp;Thomas Agyarko Poku,&nbsp;Arnold Donkor Forkuo,&nbsp;Bright Boafo Boamah,&nbsp;Stephen Mensah Arhin,&nbsp;Daniel Edem Kpewou","doi":"10.1155/2018/3702740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3702740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tenofovir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is one of the preferred first-line therapies in the management of HIV 1 infection. Ghana has since 2014 adopted this recommendation; however there is paucity of scientific data that reflects the safety and efficacy of the tenofovir-based therapy compared to zidovudine in the Ghanaian health system. This study sought to assess the comparative immune reconstitution potential between tenofovir and zidovudine-based HAART regimens, which includes lamivudine and efavirenz in combination therapy. It also aimed to investigate the adverse drug reactions/events (ADREs) associated with pharmacotherapy with these agents in a total of 106 HAART naïve HIV patients. The study included 80 patients in the tenofovir cohort while 26 patients were on the zidovudine regimen. The occurrence of HIV comorbidities profile was assessed at diagnosis and throughout the study period. The baseline CD4 T cells count of the participants was also assessed at diagnosis and repeated at a median period of five months (range 4-6 months), after commencing treatment with either tenofovir- or zidovudine-based HAART. After five months of the HAART, the tenofovir cohort recorded higher CD4 T cell count change from baseline compared to the zidovudine cohort (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The patients on the tenofovir-based HAART and female sex however appeared to be associated with more multiple ADREs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2018 ","pages":"3702740"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/3702740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36178825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Liver Span and Parameters of Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients Treated with Lycosome Formulation of Phosphatidylcholine: A Preliminary Report.","authors":"Ivan M Petyaev,&nbsp;Pavel Y Dovgalevsky,&nbsp;Natalia E Chalyk,&nbsp;Victor A Klochkov,&nbsp;Nigel H Kyle,&nbsp;Yuriy K Bashmakov","doi":"10.1155/2018/4549614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4549614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Twenty-nine newly diagnosed individuals with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) remaining on habitual dietary regimen were supplemented with regular or lycosome formulations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) during a pilot, randomized, double-blinded clinical study. After two months of oral PC intake (450 mg daily) the liver size as well as serum levels of hepatic enzymes and markers of inflammation were evaluated by ultrasonography and biochemical analysis. It was shown that there was a statistically significant reduction of medians for the Mid-Clavicular liver size from 16.0 cm (95/5% CI: 17.1/15.5) to 15.1 cm (95/5% CI: 17.2/14.4, <i>P</i> = 0.021) in participants ingesting the lycosome-formulated PC (L-PC) whereas regular formulation of PC (R-PC) had only a marginal effect on this parameter (<i>P</i> = 0.044). A similar tendency was observed in the Mid-Sternal liver size. Moreover, there was a reduction of medians for ALT values at the end point of the study (<i>P</i> = 0.026) after ingestion of L-PC, while R-PC had no statistically significant effect. On the other hand, ingestion of both formulations was accompanied by reductions in values for Inflammatory Oxidative Damage (IOD) and oxidized LDL in serum. However, L-PC had superior activity in these terms, presumably due to the presence of lycopene, a powerful antioxidant, in the L-PC-Lycosome structure. C-reactive protein level was moderately decreased (reduction of medians from 6.5 [95/5% CI: 7.7/5.8] mg/L to 5.1 [95/5% CI: 5.6/4.3] mg/L) only after ingestion of L-PC. The greater efficacy of L-PC seen in NAFLD volunteers may reflect improved bioavailability of PC owing to better protection of the microencapsulated PC from gastrointestinal enzymes and possibly enhanced hepatic delivery of L-PC particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2018 ","pages":"4549614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/4549614","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36136411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of Serum Ferritin in Diagnosing Iron Deficiency in Inflammatory Conditions.","authors":"Axel Dignass, Karima Farrag, Jürgen Stein","doi":"10.1155/2018/9394060","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/9394060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic heart failure (CHF), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high rates of iron deficiency with adverse clinical consequences. Under normal circumstances, serum ferritin levels are a sensitive marker for iron status but ferritin is an acute-phase reactant that becomes elevated in response to inflammation, complicating the diagnosis. Proinflammatory cytokines also trigger an increase in hepcidin, which restricts uptake of dietary iron and promotes sequestration of iron by ferritin within storage sites. Patients with inflammatory conditions may thus have restricted availability of iron for erythropoiesis and other cell functions due to increased hepcidin expression, despite normal or high levels of serum ferritin. The standard threshold for iron deficiency (<30 <i>μ</i>g/L) therefore does not apply and transferrin saturation (TSAT), a marker of iron availability, should also be assessed. A serum ferritin threshold of <100 <i>μ</i>g/L or TSAT < 20% can be considered diagnostic for iron deficiency in CHF, CKD, and IBD. If serum ferritin is 100-300 <i>μ</i>g/L, TSAT < 20% is required to confirm iron deficiency. Routine surveillance of serum ferritin and TSAT in these at-risk groups is advisable so that iron deficiency can be detected and managed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9394060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5878890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36084117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}