International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry最新文献

{"title":"The host range of Phomopsis cirsii; a potential biological control agent of Cirsium arvense.","authors":"V. Leth, C. Andreasen","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.03","url":null,"abstract":"Cirsiumarvense is a noxious perennial weed which has become an increasing problem in North European countries partly because of restriction in use of effective herbicides.Mechanical weedingislabour intensive and expensive and therefore there is a need for an additional method likebiological control. An isolate PKDK101 of the fungus Phomopsiscirsii, which is virulent to C. arvense causing stem canker and die back was chosen to test the specificity of the fungus. A series of infection trials were successively carried out on 127 plant species (incl. ssp. and var.) belonging to 16 families in greenhouses in order to encircle the host range of P. cirsii. Susceptible plant species were found only in the thistle group (Cardueae) which contained 34 species belonging to 12 genera. Susceptible species were found in thirteen of these genera. Highly susceptible species included Carduusacanthoides, Carduuspycnocephalus, Cirsiumeriophorum, Cnicusbenedictus, Galactitestomentosa, Notobasissyriaca, Silybummarianum and Tyrimnusleucographus, which showed symptoms from girdling of stem, heart rot in rosettes to death of entire plants. Mild and restricted symptoms were observed on Carduuscrispus, Carduusnutans, Cirsium echinus, Cirsiumvulgare and Cynaracardunculusvar.scolymus (artichoke) with symptoms such as restricted necrotic leaf spots and too early senescence or death of entire leaf. Eleven hosts for P. cirsii were recorded but despite the expanded range of hosts we expect that its host range will be within Cardueae.P.cirsii,poses multi-target potential against several annual and biennial weedy thistles from warmer climates. The pathogenicity of P. cirsii towards the artichoke, however, could limit its field of application especially in the Mediterranean area. The potential of P. cirsii as a control agent, in areas where artichokes are cultivated, would depend on the existence of P.cirsii resistant varieties or the existence of P.cirsiiisolates non-pathogenic to artichoke.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"10 1","pages":"279-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90513796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of Segregation Distortion in Wide Crosses of Safflower","authors":"M. T. Rabbani, A. Mirlohi, G. Saeidi, M. Sabzalian","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.04","url":null,"abstract":"Segregation distortion (SD) which is defined as a significant deviat ion of the observed genotypic frequencies of a locus from the expected Mendelian ratios is a common phenomenon in most mapping studies. This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence, of the nature and level of the segregation distortion in three wide crosses of Carthamus tinctorius L. and C. oxyacanthus Bieb. using ISSR fingerprinting. Like other interspecific crosses, and since these two species have characters which could be capable of distorting segregation, we expected the segregation distortion could possibly occur. Our results showed that only one population (C4110 × Isf2) deviated fro m the expected ratio of 1:1 and the other two populations (Isf2 × C4110 and C111 × Isf2) exh ibited no distortion. Moreover, the heterogeneity chi square test over the populations indicated that the populations were homogeneous and showed no distortion. It seems that the observed distortion in population C4110 × Isf2 may be due to both genotyping errors and self-incompatib ility and, other expected distorting factors could not induce any deviations. This proportion of d istortion is the lowest range of distortion in interspecific crosses seen yet. Surprisingly, cyto-nuclear interactions could significantly increase the inherited maternal-specific markers. In addit ion, our results confirm that the two species of C. tinctorius and C. oxyacanthus have strongly close relationships and interspecific hybridizat ion between two species could directly be exploited in broadening the genetic base of safflower and improving the crop for biotic and environmental ab iotic stresses. Also, our result suggests that ISSR molecu lar markers can be an effective and promising marker system allowing for the establishment of a linkage map along with other molecular markers.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"288-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76604839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cassava Genotype Evaluation for Grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) Susceptibility in Southern Sierra Leone","authors":"A. Mansaray, A. Sundufu, A. Samura, F. B. Massaquoi, D. D. Quee, S. Fomba, M. Moseray","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.05","url":null,"abstract":"Reports of damage by grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (L.) to cassava and other crops has increased in recent years. The attack on cassava is particularly threatening to the livelihood of many poor subsistence farmers in Sierra Leone. As such, an evaluation was conducted to investigate the use of host plant resistance as an alternative method of managing grasshopper rather than the sole reliance on chemicals. The experiment was laid out in a randomized co mplete block design with three rep lications. Two b locks were used (protected and unprotected) with twenty cassava varieties (Slicass 1 05-21, VT 05-02, Slicass 2, SN 05-22, Slicass 1 05-14, Slicass 2 05-17, Slicass 5, VT 05-07, SN 05-41, Slicass 1 05-05, 97/ 3202-05-04, Slicass 4, Slicass 1 05-42, SN 05-17, Slicass 1, Local, 97/ 0057-05-04, Slicass 6, 97/0057-05-01 and Slicass 2 05-13) in each block. Pest assessments was done at 3, 6, 9 and 12 Months After Planting (MAP) which co incides with the various seasons; rain, dry and dry-rainy transition periods. Significant differences were recorded in percentage incidence and severity score with respect to cassava variety and time of observation. While seven cassava varieties (Slicass 5, VT05-02, Slicass 4, 97/0057-05-04, 97/0057-05-01, slicass 6 and Slicass 1 05-21) were found to be less susceptible to Z. variegatus (L.), four varieties (Slicass 2 05-17, Slicass1 05-41, Slicass 2 05-13 and 97/005-05-04) out yielded (in terms of tuber weight and nu mber) the released varieties during the two cropping seasons. Percent incidence and severity score was relatively high at 6MAP and 9MAP. Overall, tuber weight and number were higher in the protected plot compared to the unprotected plot during the two cropping seasons. Hence, protecting cassava field fro m grasshopper infestation may increase yield, number o f tubers and invariably the production of good quality planting material that is resistance to grasshopper attack.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"113 1","pages":"294-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80655247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demand Structure and the Consumption of Garri in Owerri North Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria.","authors":"C. Ezeh, C. Anyiro, N. Q. Obioma, Obioha. C. Maduagwu","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.02","url":null,"abstract":"The study analysed empirically the demand structure and the consumption of garri in Owerri North L.G.A. of Imo state, Nigeria and sought to determine the factors that influence the monthly budget share for garri at low, med iu m and high income levels, estimate own price, cross price and income elasticit ies of demand for garri and as well to determine the factors that influence preference for a part icular garri brand. In order to achieve this mandate, Simple random and judgmental samp ling techniques were used to select communit ies, their markets and 80 respondents. A set of pretested and structured questionnaire was used in data collection. Mu ltiple regression model, demand elasticity indicators and logit regression model were the tools of analysis adopted for th is study. The result of the mult iple regression analysis with semi log, as lead equation showed that the critical and significant determinants of monthly budget share for garri among lo w inco me consumers were household size, price of garri and monthly incomes at given levels. The comb ined effect of all the variab les explained 77.8% of the variation in the monthly budget share for garri at 1.0% risk level. The result of the mult iple regression analysis with exponential functional form as the lead equation showed the critical and significant determinants of monthly budget share for garri among the middle income consumers were nu mber of years spent in school, household size and monthly inco mes. All the variables exp lained 81.8% of the variation in the monthly budget share for garri among the middle income consumers. The result also showed that the own price elasticity of demand for garri was 0.03 while cross elasticity of demand fo r garri and fufu, samovita, yam floor and cassava floor were 2.3,1.8, 1.4 and 1.4 respectively. The inco me elasticity of demand for garri was 0.3. The logistic regression estimat ion showed that the determinants for preference of garri include price, colour perception, age and education which were statistically significant at 1.0% risk level. It was reco mmended that there is the need for all consumers in different income strata (low, mediu m and high) to patronize garri of all colours in order to act as impetus to farmers to produce more and increase their inco me.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"273-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79322500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-examination of the BMN Model for Estimating Evapotranspiration","authors":"O. Ilesanmi, P. Oguntunde, A. Olufayo","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120206.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study re-examined the BM N model making use of the Sig ma Plot software (based on the Levenberg - Marquardt algorithm) to generate modified versions of the BMN model that are specific for Ibadan, Kano and Onne and one version which applicable across the country, correcting some perceived shortcomings of the BMN. Records of climat ic variables (So lar radiat ion, Maximu m and Min imu m Temperature, Maximu m and M inimu m Relat ive Hu mid ity and Wind speed) were collected fro m three International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Stations in Ibadan, Kano and Onne. For Ibadan, a 36-year (1973 - 2008) record was obtained, for Kano, a 29-year (1980 - 2008) record was obtained and for Onne, a 31-year (1977 - 2006) record was obtained. Evapotranspiration rates for each of the stations were then estimated using the FAO56-PM model. ETo estimates fro m the FAO56-PM model were thereafter used to recalibrate the BM N model, generating new model constants for Ibadan, Kano, Onne and a model co mb ining the climatic characteristics of the three stations. The re-calibrated BM N model had h igher correlat ion values of 0.74, 0.79 and 0.75 for Ibadan, Onne and Kano respectively when compared with the FAO-56 model than the Original BM N model when compared with the FAO56-PM model with values of 0.7, 0.77 and 0.75 respectively for Ibadan, Onne and Kano.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"33 1","pages":"268-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73658596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Local Importance of Non-Timber Forest Products Using Two Different Prioritization Techniques","authors":"T. O. Amusa, S. Jimoh","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.14","url":null,"abstract":"Among the key uncertainties in the sustainable management of forest for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is the high diversity of species and paucity of information on indigenous use pattern. In designing appropriate strategies for sustainable management of non-timber forest products, therefore, it is important to identify species with high local impor- tance with the potential for sustainable and profitable extraction in a managed system. In this study, we assessed the use of two quantitative techniques including the Use-Value index (Phillips and Gentry, 1993) and Assigned-Value approach (Adeola et al., 1994), as procedures for prioritization of NTFP species in a tropical lowland rainforest ecosystem, Omo Forest Reserve (OFR), southwest Nigeria. A simple random sampling approach was employed to obtain data on the uses of NTFP species through semi-structured interview of 81 households in four communities within the reserve. Descriptively, the data were analyzed using frequency distribution, tables, chart and percentages. The Spearman correlation coefficient was em- ployed to test for relationship between the values obtained for each of the two techniques. Results obtained for both tech- niques were fairly positively correlated (ρ = 0.59; P < 0.01), suggesting a cautious interchangeable use of the techniques for the same end. Based on our findings, we posit that in evaluating forest and NTFPs for local importance and use, the end objectives of such evaluation must be critically examined in the light of the interest of the different respondents' group.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"900 1","pages":"84-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78912866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Mulching on Soil Temperature and Moisture Regime on Emergence, Growth and Yield of White Yam in a Tropical Wet-and-Dry Climate","authors":"O. EruolaA., J. Bellon, C. UfoegbuneG.","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.15","url":null,"abstract":"An on-farm yam experiment was conducted to study the effect of mulching on soil temperature and moisture regime on white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) growth and yield in Abeokuta, South-western Nigeria. Three mulching options (grass mulched, polythene mulched and unmulched) was selected and related to crop growth and yield. Grass mulch sig- nificantly (P < 0.05) lowered maximum soil temperature by 1-2℃ at 15cm depth during the thermal critical period (Janu- ary - March). This led to higher rate of emergence which accounted for 28 and 46% to the polythene mulch and the un- mulched plots respectively. Furthermore, grass mulch had tuber yield of about 4-6 tonnes ha-1 season-1 greater than the polythene mulch and the unmulched plots. Irrespective of mulching materials, it was found that mulching significantly (P< 0.05) increased tuber yield by about 6-8 tonnes ha-1 season-1 than the unmulched. The effect of grass mulch over nylon mulch on yam performance in the study was also discussed.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88452541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Remote Sensing Data for Estimation of Aman Rice Yield","authors":"Atiqur Rahman, K. R. Khan, N. Krakauer, L. Roytman, F. Kogan","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.16","url":null,"abstract":"Weather related crop losses have always been a concern for farmers, governments, traders and policy makers for the purpose of balanced food supplies, demands, trade, and distribution of aid to nations in need. This paper discusses the utility of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-based vegetation health (VH) indices as proxies for modelling inter annual variation in Aman rice (AR) yield in Bangladesh and for early estimation. We compare annual local and hybrid AR yield with VH Indices computed for each week during 1991-2005. A strong correlation was found between AR yield and VH during the period of AR development that occurs during one/two months in advance of harvest (early October to early November). Stepwise principal components regression (PCR) was used to construct a model to estimate yield as a function of critical-period VH indices. The model reduced the yield prediction error variance by 97% and 92% compared with a prediction of average local Aman rice (LAR) and hybrid Aman rice (HAR) yield for each year respec- tively.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"93 1","pages":"101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83864228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers' Knowledge Level of Precautionary Measures in Agro-Chemicals Usage on Cocoa Production in Osun and Edo States, Nigeria","authors":"S. Ogunjimi, A. Farinde","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.10","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative analysis of the precautionary measures and operational habits with the associated health problems among 240 farmers in cacao growing communities of Osun and Edo States, Nigeria was carried out. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed high risk exposure of cocoa farmers to toxicity and hazards of agrochemicals used on their cocoa farms. The mean knowledge score of precautionary measures in both states was low. More than 50% of the cocoa farmers in the two states were in the habits of eating, drinking and smoking during spraying. About 65% of cocoa farmers in Osun had no extension contact and training on safe handling of chemicals compared to 97.0% of the farmers in Edo state. Majority (60%) of the farmers in the two states claimed that they have health problems with the following symptoms: body itching, cough and difficulty in breathing, which often occurred during and after chemicals usage. It is concluded that cocoa farmers in Osun and Edo States in Nigeria were vulnerable to health hazards associated with the use of chemicals due inadequate knowledge of the precautionary measures and exhibition of culpable operational habits that can be controlled through effective extension education programme.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"75 1","pages":"186-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79615776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation into the Relationship between Agricultural Production and Formal Credit Supply in Nigeria","authors":"A. Ammani","doi":"10.5923/j.ijaf.20120201.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijaf.20120201.08","url":null,"abstract":"Nigerian agriculture by nature is essentially traditional and subsistence. Limited access to credit facilities has been implicated as hinderance to the growth and productivity of the agricultural sector. Thus, the need arises for the provision of credit to the majority of Nigerian farmers. To increase farmers' access to credit from formal sources, the Federal Gov- ernment of Nigeria established the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) in 1977, with the purpose of in- creasing the level of bank credit to the agricultural sector through the provision of guarantee in respect of loans granted by any bank for agricultural purposes. This paper set out to investigate the relationship between agricultural production and formal credit supply in Nigeria. The methodology employed in the study involved the development and estimation of three simple regression models relating agricultural output with formal credit while holding other explanatory variables constant. Findings of the paper indicates that formal credit is positively and significantly related to the productivity of the crop, livestock and fishing sectors of Nigerian agriculture. Based on the findings it is recommended that government should continue to en- courage the expansion of formal credit sources to reach as much farmers as possible.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87294899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}