Interface Focus最新文献_第10页

The role of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic 新冠肺炎大流行期间SARS-CoV-2气溶胶传播的作用

IF 4.4 3区生物学

Interface Focus Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2022.0003

Julian W. Tang, L. Marr, Yuguo Li, Ian Eames

引用次数: 2

COVID-19: the case for aerosol transmission. COVID-19:气溶胶传播的案例。

IF 4.4 3区生物学

Interface Focus Pub Date : 2022-02-11 eCollection Date: 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0072

Raymond Tellier

引用次数: 40

Combined multiple transcriptional repression mechanisms generate ultrasensitivity and oscillations 多种转录抑制机制的结合产生超敏感性和振荡

IF 4.4 3区生物学

Interface Focus Pub Date : 2022-01-22 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0084

Euihwan Jeong, Y. Song, Jae Kyoung Kim

{"title":"Combined multiple transcriptional repression mechanisms generate ultrasensitivity and oscillations","authors":"Euihwan Jeong, Y. Song, Jae Kyoung Kim","doi":"10.1098/rsfs.2021.0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2021.0084","url":null,"abstract":"Transcriptional repression can occur via various mechanisms, such as blocking, sequestration, and displacement. For instance, the repressors can hold the activators to prevent binding with DNA or can bind to the DNA-bound activators to block their transcriptional activity. Although the transcription can be completely suppressed with a single mechanism, multiple repression mechanisms are utilized together to inhibit transcriptional activators in many systems, such as circadian clocks and NF-κB oscillators. This raises the question of what advantages arise if seemingly redundant repression mechanisms are combined. Here, by deriving equations describing the multiple repression mechanisms, we find that their combination can synergistically generate a sharply ultrasensitive transcription response and thus strong oscillations. This rationalizes why the multiple repression mechanisms are used together in various biological oscillators. The critical role of such combined transcriptional repression for strong oscillations is further supported by our analysis of formerly identified mutations disrupting the transcriptional repression of the mammalian circadian clock. The hitherto unrecognized source of the ultrasensitivity, the combined transcriptional repressions, can lead to robust synthetic oscillators with a previously unachievable simple design.","PeriodicalId":13795,"journal":{"name":"Interface Focus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47368507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Porous surfaces: stability and recovery of coronaviruses. 多孔表面：冠状病毒的稳定性和恢复。

IF 4.4 3区生物学

Interface Focus Pub Date : 2021-12-10 eCollection Date: 2022-02-06 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0039

Lucy Owen, Maitreyi Shivkumar, Richard B M Cross, Katie Laird

{"title":"Porous surfaces: stability and recovery of coronaviruses.","authors":"Lucy Owen, Maitreyi Shivkumar, Richard B M Cross, Katie Laird","doi":"10.1098/rsfs.2021.0039","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsfs.2021.0039","url":null,"abstract":"The role of indirect contact in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not clear. SARS-CoV-2 persists on dry surfaces for hours to days; published studies have largely focused on hard surfaces with less research being conducted on different porous surfaces, such as textiles. Understanding the potential risks of indirect transmission of COVID-19 is useful for settings where there is close contact with textiles, including healthcare, manufacturing and retail environments. This article aims to review current research on porous surfaces in relation to their potential as fomites of coronaviruses compared to non-porous surfaces. Current methodologies for assessing the stability and recovery of coronaviruses from surfaces are also explored. Coronaviruses are often less stable on porous surfaces than non-porous surfaces, for example, SARS-CoV-2 persists for 0.5 h-5 days on paper and 3-21 days on plastic; however, stability is dependent on the type of surface. In particular, the surface properties of textiles differ widely depending on their construction, leading to variation in the stability of coronaviruses, with longer persistence on more hydrophobic materials such as polyester (1-3 days) compared to highly absorbent cotton (2 h-4 days). These findings should be considered where there is close contact with potentially contaminated textiles.","PeriodicalId":13795,"journal":{"name":"Interface Focus","volume":"12 1","pages":"20210039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8662390/pdf/rsfs.2021.0039.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10374140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on fomite surfaces: surface survival and risk reduction. SARS-CoV-2在酵母表面的接触传播：表面存活与风险降低。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Interface Focus Pub Date : 2021-12-10 eCollection Date: 2022-02-06 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0042

Abhimanyu Tharayil, R Rajakumari, Miran Mozetic, Gregor Primc, Sabu Thomas

{"title":"Contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on fomite surfaces: surface survival and risk reduction.","authors":"Abhimanyu Tharayil, R Rajakumari, Miran Mozetic, Gregor Primc, Sabu Thomas","doi":"10.1098/rsfs.2021.0042","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsfs.2021.0042","url":null,"abstract":"There is an unprecedented concern regarding the viral strain SARS-CoV-2 and especially its respiratory disease more commonly known as COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 virus has the ability to survive on different surfaces for extended periods, ranging from days up to months. The new infectious properties of SARS-CoV-2 vary depending on the properties of fomite surfaces. In this review, we summarize the risk factors involved in the indirect transmission pathways of SARS-CoV-2 strains on fomite surfaces. The main mode of indirect transmission is the contamination of porous and non-porous inanimate surfaces such as textile surfaces that include clothes and most importantly personal protective equipment like personal protective equipment kits, masks, etc. In the second part of the review, we highlight materials and processes that can actively reduce the SARS-CoV-2 surface contamination pattern and the associated transmission routes. The review also focuses on some general methodologies for designing advanced and effective antiviral surfaces by physical and chemical modifications, viral inhibitors, etc.","PeriodicalId":13795,"journal":{"name":"Interface Focus","volume":"12 1","pages":"20210042"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8662391/pdf/rsfs.2021.0042.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10266159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: theme issue on coronavirus and surfaces 社论：关于冠状病毒和表面的主题问题

IF 4.4 3区生物学

Interface Focus Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0081

Mohan Edirisinghe OBE

{"title":"Editorial: theme issue on coronavirus and surfaces","authors":"Mohan Edirisinghe OBE","doi":"10.1098/rsfs.2021.0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2021.0081","url":null,"abstract":"Since the publication of the headline review on ‘Surface interactions and viability of coronaviruses' in Journal of the Royal Society Interface in January 2021 (https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0798), it has been my earnest desire to focus the minds of the scientific community on the role played by surfaces in the spread of COVID-19, especially the input physical sciences and engineering can impart to decelerate the spread of this disease worldwide. In fact, fig. 4 of the above-mentioned review clearly illustrated how persistence and viability of different coronavirus strains were dependent on widely used material surfaces. I thought the best way to achieve this goal on this rather complex and novel scientific issue was to put together a concise theme issue in Interface Focus where we bring together the opinions of a few internationally leading researchers on this important topic to collectively reduce the burden of COVID-19. Coronavirus and surfaces, the theme of this issue, is of utmost importance to many commercially significant industries such as packaging, textiles and metal forming. As the virus mutates and alters its anchoring and survival capabilities, this theme on coronavirus and surfaces will become more important, so we need to focus on this theme scientifically and methodically, with utmost urgency.","PeriodicalId":13795,"journal":{"name":"Interface Focus","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43932852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Imagining pandemics now, and then: a century of medical failure. 想象一下现在和那时的流行病:一个世纪的医疗失败。

IF 4.4 3区生物学

Interface Focus Pub Date : 2021-12-06 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0029

Mark Honigsbaum

{"title":"Imagining pandemics now, and then: a century of medical failure.","authors":"Mark Honigsbaum","doi":"10.1098/rsfs.2021.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2021.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since the devastating 1918-1919 influenza pandemic, policy makers have employed mathematical models to predict the course of epidemics and pandemics in an effort to mitigate their worst impacts. But while Britain has long been a pioneer of predictive epidemiology and disease modellers occupied influential positions on key committees that advised the government on its response to the coronavirus pandemic, as in 1918 Britain mounted one of the least effective responses to Covid-19 of any country in the world. Arguing that this 'failure of expertise' was the result of medical and political complacency and over-reliance on disease models predicated on influenza, this paper uses the lens of medical history to show how medical attitudes to Covid-19 mirrored those of the English medical profession in 1918. Rather than putting our faith in preventive medicine and statistical technologies to predict the course of epidemics and dictate suppressive measures in future, I argue we need to cultivate more profound forms of imaginative engagement with infectious disease outbreaks that take account of the long history of quarantines and the lived experiences of pandemics. A useful starting point would be to recognize that while measures such as the R° may be useful for calculating the reproductive rate of a virus, they can never capture the full risks of pandemics or their social complexity.","PeriodicalId":13795,"journal":{"name":"Interface Focus","volume":"11 6","pages":"20210029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8504896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10266157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Disease transmission and control modelling at the science-policy interface. 科学-政策界面的疾病传播和控制模型。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Interface Focus Pub Date : 2021-10-12 eCollection Date: 2021-12-06 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0013

Ruth McCabe, Christl A Donnelly

{"title":"Disease transmission and control modelling at the science-policy interface.","authors":"Ruth McCabe, Christl A Donnelly","doi":"10.1098/rsfs.2021.0013","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsfs.2021.0013","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted the lives of billions across the world. Mathematical modelling has been a key tool deployed throughout the pandemic to explore the potential public health impact of an unmitigated epidemic. The results of such studies have informed governments' decisions to implement non-pharmaceutical interventions to control the spread of the virus. In this article, we explore the complex relationships between models, decision-making, the media and the public during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK). Doing so not only provides an important historical context of COVID-19 modelling and how it has shaped the UK response, but as the pandemic continues and looking towards future pandemic preparedness, understanding these relationships and how they might be improved is critical. As such, we have synthesized information gathered via three methods: a survey to publicly list attendees of the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies, the Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Modelling and other comparable advisory bodies, interviews with science communication experts and former scientific advisors, and reviewing some of the key COVID-19 modelling literature from 2020. Our research highlights the desire for increased bidirectional communication between modellers, decision-makers and the public, as well as the need to convey uncertainty inherent in transmission models in a clear manner. These aspects should be considered carefully ahead of the next emergency response.","PeriodicalId":13795,"journal":{"name":"Interface Focus","volume":"11 6","pages":"20210013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8504885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10848029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Miasmas, mental models and preventive public health: some philosophical reflections on science in the COVID-19 pandemic. 瘴气、心理模式和预防性公共卫生:对2019冠状病毒病大流行中的科学的一些哲学思考。

IF 4.4 3区生物学

Interface Focus Pub Date : 2021-10-12 eCollection Date: 2021-12-06 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0017

Trisha Greenhalgh

{"title":"Miasmas, mental models and preventive public health: some philosophical reflections on science in the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Trisha Greenhalgh","doi":"10.1098/rsfs.2021.0017","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsfs.2021.0017","url":null,"abstract":"When the history of the COVID-19 pandemic is written, it is likely to show that the mental models held by scientists sometimes facilitated their thinking, thereby leading to lives saved, and at other times constrained their thinking, thereby leading to lives lost. This paper explores some competing mental models of how infectious diseases spread and shows how these models influenced the scientific process and the kinds of facts that were generated, legitimized and used to support policy. A central theme in the paper is the relative weight given by dominant scientific voices to probabilistic arguments based on experimental measurements versus mechanistic arguments based on theory. Two examples are explored: the cholera epidemic in nineteenth century London-in which the story of John Snow and the Broad Street pump is retold-and the unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and early 2021-in which the evidence-based medicine movement and its hierarchy of evidence features prominently. In each case, it is shown that prevailing mental models-which were assumed by some to transcend theory but were actually heavily theory-laden-powerfully shaped both science and policy, with fatal consequences for some.","PeriodicalId":13795,"journal":{"name":"Interface Focus","volume":"11 6","pages":"20210017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8504883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10116834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Personal observations on COVID-19 and the conduct and application of biomedical science. 对 COVID-19 以及生物医学科学的开展和应用的个人看法。

IF 3.6 3区生物学

Interface Focus Pub Date : 2021-10-12 eCollection Date: 2021-12-06 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0053

J C Smith, David W Goodhew

{"title":"Personal observations on COVID-19 and the conduct and application of biomedical science.","authors":"J C Smith, David W Goodhew","doi":"10.1098/rsfs.2021.0053","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsfs.2021.0053","url":null,"abstract":"We begin by describing our observations of the ways in which the conduct of research has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and go on to comment on the quality of the scientific advice that is provided to UK citizens, and especially to schools. Researchers, like many, have suffered from the effects of the pandemic. Those hardships notwithstanding, we suggest that research into COVID-19 has benefitted from a 'seed corn' of discovery science that has provided the basis for routine diagnostic PCR and antibody tests; for structural analyses of the way in which the SARS-CoV-2 virus interacts with cells; for the development of new treatments (and the debunking of ineffective ones); for studies of the genetics of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2; and for the development of vaccines. The speed of dissemination of research has benefitted from the widespread use of pre-prints, and researchers and funders have become more nimble in their approaches to research and more willing to change their priorities in the face of the pandemic. In our experience, the advice provided to schools on the basis of this research was, however, often published at the last minute and was frequently flawed or inconsistent. This has led to a widening of the attainment gap between children from disadvantaged backgrounds and their peers and it has exacerbated the digital divide and holiday hunger. The consequences will be felt for many years to come and will jeopardize diversity in research and other careers.","PeriodicalId":13795,"journal":{"name":"Interface Focus","volume":"11 6","pages":"20210053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8504890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10266158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0