International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of Pretreated Lignocelluloses Materials for the Production of Bio-Diesel","authors":"S. Arasaretnam, J. Jayasundara","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0602002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0602002","url":null,"abstract":"Energy has become as one of the most important strategic commodities considered to be the lifeline of an economy and it is pivotal for human existence 1, 2, 3 . Today the world is facing a serious energy crisis all over the world due to development in industrialization and motorization and population explosion as well. Because of that there is need to find out the alternative techniques and today fossil fuels take up 80 % of the primary energy consumed in the world, of which 58 % alone is consumed by the transport sector. Energy reform is well underway around the world due to two primary factors, namely, the impact of fossil fuels on the environment and the predicted supply fallout of such nonrenewable fuels in the long term 4, 5 .","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76389431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic Study of Dhatura Metal Xerophytic Medicinal Plants","authors":"D. Khare, A. Dwivedi, S. Bhatt, M. U. Khan","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0605004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0605004","url":null,"abstract":"In charak documents, 1 the bio-sap of xerophytic medicinal plants, Dhatura metal L. of Acanthaceae family is treated as a toxic material, but its flower and fruits are offered to Lord Shiva in Hindu worship/mythology. The Ayurved practitioners traditionally used the extract of the plant as a medicine in treatment of a variety of diseases like cardio vascular, hyper tension, sexual aggression, mental and respiration disorder, goitre, scorpion bite etc. Its utility in medical field can’t be ignored in view of their competitive values and rate of absorption. The promising results of natural products and their growing demand nationwide cannot be over looked in cosmetic industries. Ayurveda believes apparent benefits over the extract in biotransformation into pharmacoactive forms leading enhancement of bio-availability. 2","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79943654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting Counterfeit Beverages using Analytical Techniques related to HPLC/GC/CE","authors":"N. Okorie, G. Morrison, Enyoh Christian Ebere","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0612002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0612002","url":null,"abstract":"All over the world the beverage industry is a continuously growing sector. The global beverage industry is supposed to touch the mark of $1.9 trillion by 2020 (Amit and Sirshendu, 2019).Due to high demand of some beverages and food, a lot of fraud has been identified in beverages. The adulterants in beverages can be classified as targeted, non-targeted and economical motivated according to Jeffrey; Pfeifer; Kendra; Majors and Ronald (2014), which maintained that the use of some non-chromatography techniques such as Mid – Infrared (MIR) and near Infrared(NIR) has yielded a good result in the detection of counterfeits beverage. Also High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with variety of detection methods ranging from ultra-violet (UV) to mass spectrometry has also be proven to be a good technique in the detection of false product.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86531956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Popularly Known Commercial Brands of Soft drinks Sold in different Cities in Nigeria","authors":"V. A. Wirnkor, Verla Evelyn Ngozi, Enyoh Christian Ebere, Obidike Blessing Magrette","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0610004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0610004","url":null,"abstract":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) represent a class of organic compounds with carbon and hydrogen structure, having 2 or more fussed ring. recently the environmental protection agency (USEPA) included sixteen of these PAHs compounds in its list of persistent organic Pollutants (POPs). PAHs compounds are of public interest because it has a unique characteristic of being carcinogenic, mutagenic and tetratogenic and to this effect contributes to 3.1x10 incremental life time of cancer risk which is major cause to the increased cancer death in Nigeria. The most widely known carcinogenic PAHs is Benzo(a)Pyrene which is considered as a suitable biomarker for it’s occurrence in food and other environmental samples.But recently, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) suggest that benzo(a) pyrene alone should not be the most suitable biomarker of carcinogenic PAHs but rather a total number of 8 heavy molecular weight PAHs namely;benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthrene, benzo(k)fluoranthrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i) perelyne, and indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene was considered as a more suitable indicator for its occurrence and effect of PAH in food. Abstract: Concentrations and profiles of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in popular known commercial soft drinks sold in different cities (Aba, Abakiliki, Enugu, Onitsha, Owerri, and Porthacourt) in Nigeria using Hexane for Extraction and gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector for quantitative analysis. Physiochemical parameters such as pH was determined as a measure to assess the acidic strength of these drinks , the result obtained revealed the softdrink samples to be acidic with pH values of 2.40 in Onitsha to 2.48 in Abakiliki. Concentrations of the 13 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in these drinks ranged between 0.7631.26, 0.92-38.11, 9.82-14.54, 0.05-28.10, 0.04528.29, 9.6321.49 mg/mL for Aba, Abakiliki, Enugu, Onitsha, Owerri and Porthacourt respectively. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon profiles indicate the dominance of four and five rings PAHs in these drinks.. The study further accessed the effect of the pH values for soft drinks samples and the result obtained revealed that acidic pH of the softdrink samples increased the levels of PAHs. Six (6) out of eight (8) carcinogenic polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbon as classified by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was present in these drinks with concentration ranged from nd-28.29, nd-0.16, nd-11.85, nd26.62 nd-13.19, 19.93-31.96, for benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthrene, dibenz(a_h)anthracene, benzo(g_h_i)perylene respectively. With the exception of dibenzi(a_h)anthrancene, benzo(a)pyrene and chrysene, the concentration values for the carcinogenic PAHs were higher than the maximum limits of 22.10 set by USEPA for water in highly industrialized area in Nigeria. The carcinogenic risk assessment code(CRAC) was accessed in these dri","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82301048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons content of Taylor Creek, Rivers State, Niger Delta Nigeria","authors":"Edori","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0612003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0612003","url":null,"abstract":"The aquatic environment is under threat due to pollution. As a result of the activities of man, water quality is now subject to question in Niger Delta communities which hosts multinational Oil Companies. It is a known fact that there are certain qualities of water that are used to establish the index or fitness for its consumption (Iyama and Edori, 2014). These qualities are used in assessing the status of any given river to ascertain its usefulness to humans. The presence of these parameters at certain levels affect the status of rivers/ other water bodies and their qualities. Any water quality to be properly assessed must be based on its chemical, biological and physical contents (Lindsey et al., 2005; Lawson, 2011; Iyama and Edori, 2014,).","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74357857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Application of New Dry Barrier Powder Refractory for Aluminum Electrolysis Cell","authors":"Changling Li, Yanfang Wang, Weiguo Bai, Yun-feng Zhou, L. Luo, Qingguo Jiao, Deng-peng Chai","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0605002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0605002","url":null,"abstract":"At present, aluminum is produced by cryolite alumina molten salt electrolysis, and its main equipment is aluminum electrolysis cell. The inner village of the aluminum reduction cell is composed of carbon blocks, refractory bricks and insulation materials. In the long term operation of aluminum reduction cells, cathode refractories are gradually destroyed and lost their protective effect on the underlying insulation materials due to the penetration of electrolyte and steam, resulting in the deterioration of the thermal insulation performance of the cells and the production indicators until the cells are forced to shut down. Therefore, it is the goal to find the furnace building materials which can resist electrolyte penetration. The development and application of dry barrier powder refractory is a breakthrough technological progress in solving electrolyte permeation [1].","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82308734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"rs10046 Polymorphism of CYP19A1 Gene related to Sex Hormone in Female with Acromegaly Iraqi patients","authors":"I. H. Dhefer, N. S. Ahmed, S. Abbas","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0612001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0612001","url":null,"abstract":"Acromegaly is an uncommon disease which progresses slowly and results from a chronical excess of growth hormone (GH), and connected to noticeable morbidity and increased mortality (Abreu et al., 2016). The following increase in insulin-like growth facter1 (IGF-1) is accountable for greatest systemic complications and for the clinical characteristics (comprise arthralgia, soft tissue changes, visceromegaly, and comorbidities comprise, type 2 diabetes, hypertension , carpal tunnel syndrome, and sleep apnea) related with increased mortality. The medical diagnosis, depends on symptoms associated to presence of the mass pituitary gland or excess of GH, is often belated several years due to the slow development of the disease (Capatina and Wass, 2015). Testicles is produce the testosterone hormone that is accountable for the suitable progress of sexual features of male. Testosterone is too important for keeping bone growth, muscle bulk, sexual function, , a sense of well-being and tolerable levels of red blood cells (Xing et al., 2017). The adrenal gland, ovaries , and likewise the placenta through pregnancy produce the estradiol is female sex hormone that is the most essential hormone through a female’s generative years, also is needed for sexual function and generative also having an effect on the health of a different tissues and organs ((Huang et al., 2015). The cytochrome p450 gene (CYP19A1), found on 15q21.2 chromosome, which encodes for the aromatase enzyme, and catalyzes the last step in biosynthesis of estrogen and metabolism that converting testosterone to estradiol (Chen et al., 2008). Aromatase(CYP19A1) expression is controlled via distinct tissue specific promoters in (he bone, placenta, vascular endothelium, breast, adipose tissue, ovary, and brain causing estrogen production in local extragonadal and systemic gonadalovarian. CYP19A1 is located at chromosome 15 and spans about 123 kb in length via criteria of other cytochrome genes that's encoding the CYP19 is unusually significant since it is above 50 kbp .The gene has a number of alternate non-coding first exons that regulate tissue specific expression and nine coding exons (Corbin et al., 1988). The whole aromatase gene extents about 123 kb (Verma et al., 2012) . Thirty -kb 3′-end of the gene embraces nine exons that encode the aromatase enzyme protein, and 93-kbp at 5′-flanking area of this gene embraces one-off (5′-untranslated) first exon and several of tissue specific promoters, this 1 exon is spliced onto a usual splice crossroads like that each Abstract: Testosterone and estradiol have been considered to be male and female sex hormones, respectively. However, testosterone, also plays a critical role in female sexual function. There is an evidence showing that sex hormone is associated with polymorphisms in the 3' untranslated region T>C rs10046 (SNPs) single nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP19A1 gene. Whole blood genomic DNA was extracted to perform genotyping analysis and rs10046 ","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91302070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ternary Complexes of Cu (II), Ni (II), Co (II) and La (III) Ions with 2-[(Pyridin-2-Ylmethylidene) Amino] Phenol and Heterocyclic Nitrogen Base","authors":"O. Ali, S. M. El‐Medani, Doaa A. Nassar","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0608004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0608004","url":null,"abstract":"Schiff bases are one of the most prevalent and important of the mixed donor systems in the field of coordination chemistry.2-Aminopyridines also serve as useful chelating ligands in a variety of inorganic and organ metallic applications [1,2].Amino pyridines and their derivatives in most cases act as monodentate ligands which coordinate the metal ions through the nitrogen of the ring [3,4]. Also, amino pyridines have been proposed as drugs for the treatment of many diseases such as myocardial infarction as antithrombus agents and diarrhea as antimicrobial agents [5,6]. Moreover, amino pyridines are commonly present in synthetic and natural products [7]. They form repeated moiety in many large molecules with interesting photophysical, electrochemical and catalytic applications [8].The complexes with different types of heterocyclic such asamines, imines, oxazole, imidazole and ligands containing pyridine play an important role in biology and medicine areas. These ligands are often used in medicine, because of their pharmacological properties such as antibacterial activity [9,10].On the other hand, complexes of Schiff base ligands derived from 2pyridinecarboxaldehyde derivatives with some transition metals such asCu(II), Co(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) show significant biological activity [11,12]. Moreover, luminescent compounds are attracting much current research interest because of their many applications including emitting materials for organic light emitting diodes, light harvesting materials for photo catalysis and fluorescent sensors for organic or inorganic analytes [13-17].The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide has been used as a model reaction for the investigation of the catalytic activity of various metal complexes [18]. For example, the catalytic activity of copper (II) complex of chitosan derivative which derived from chitosan and 4, 6-diacetylresorcinol was investigated on hydrogen peroxide decomposition [19]. Also, the mixed ligand complex [Fe(2-AP)(Ala)Cl3]4H2O (2-AP = 2-acetylpyridine, Ala = alanine) catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2 and O2 was evolved [20]. Herein, we report the transition metal complexes of Schiff base derived from the condensation of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde with 2aminophenol.The ternary complexes were obtained by reaction with 2-aminopyridine. The structural features of these complexes were examined by analytical and spectral techniques. Abstract: A new ternary Schiff base transition metal complexes of general formula [M(HL)(2-AP)Cl2].H2O where M= Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions in addition to the complex [La(HL)(2-AP)(NO3)2].NO3have been prepared by template synthesis. The synthesized metal complexes were characterized using spectroscopic techniques. The molar conductivities of the complexes in DMF indicated non electrolytic behavior except La(III) complex.IR spectra show that the Schiff base (HL) is coordinated to the metal ions in a tridentate manner with NNO donor sites of the pyridine-N, azomethine-N and phenol","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90829142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metals and Total Hydrocarbon Content in Tilapia (Oreochromis Aureus) from Ibaka River, Nigeria","authors":"Ekpenyong, E. Okokon","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0609004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0609004","url":null,"abstract":"Tilapia species may face severe extinction in Ibaka River in future probably due to metal and oil pollutions. These type of pollutions hold a major potential hazard to surface water and fish and consequently to all living things. According to Davies et al (1983), heavy metals pollution can alter quality of water bodies by increasing the odour, colour, pH, BOD and P04 3and make them unfit for drinking. Heavy metals on the other hand can disrupt natural quality of fish and fish tissue (Abuet al 2012), increase fish disease and mortality (Saxena et al 2018), influence physiological rates of fish reproduction (Korisiakpere and Ubogu, 2001).","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72681385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amorphous Antimony in Thin Films","authors":"D. StyrkasA.","doi":"10.20431/2349-0403.0603003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0403.0603003","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization curves i were removed galvanostatically in an inert gas atmosphere with stirring against a saturated cacalomel reference electrode. Cathode – Pt polished plate area 1sm 2 , all  related to normal hydrogen. Analysis – amperometric titration by [2]. The cathode space was separated from the anode from anodic porous partitions. The current output was determined by weighing the cathode. Total Q passing through the cell, electricity controlled copper Q-meter with a solution of Eitel. Reflectance R of films was measured on a GOI reflectometer with Se photocell, vacuum deposition was carried out at specified distances from the crucible with Sb heated by a spiral from W to substrates of transparent polished SiO2 for adhesion, the Color of the amorphous film treated with a weak solution of SnCl2and its transition to a brilliant α Sb Was noted visually. The electrical conductivity of the film during the transition from amorphous to crystalline state changed ~ 500 times.","PeriodicalId":13721,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78980557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}