Inflammation & allergy drug targets最新文献_第4页

Methotrexate-induced pneumonitis: heterogeneity of bronchoalveolar lavage and differences between cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. 甲氨蝶呤引起的肺炎:支气管肺泡灌洗的异质性和癌症与类风湿关节炎的差异。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2014-02-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871528112666131230013059

Tommaso D'Elia

{"title":"Methotrexate-induced pneumonitis: heterogeneity of bronchoalveolar lavage and differences between cancer and rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Tommaso D'Elia","doi":"10.2174/1871528112666131230013059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871528112666131230013059","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE Our knowledge on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of methotrexate-induced pneumonitis (MTX-P) is fragmentary and based on data that are sometimes apparently conflicting. Aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview on the BAL features of MTX-P arising from cases published to date, and to determine the cytological patterns and any differences between cancer and rheumatoid arthritis patients, the two patient subsets among which this complication more often occurs. METHODS English-language articles published up to November 2013 were systematically searched through PUBMED, EMBASE, and other databases. Adult patients with a proven diagnosis of MTX-P and careful mention of each BAL parameter were examined. RESULTS Seventeen articles for a total of 47 patients were included. Four BAL patterns with a variably combined lymphocytosis and two with prominent neutrophilia were identified. A more intense lymphocytosis (P=0.004) and a more depressed CD4/CD8 ratio (P=0.01) were found in cancer patients compared with rheumatoid arthritis patients. CONCLUSIONS In MTX-P, cytological analysis of BAL may disclose up to six different patterns. In MTX-P affecting cancer patients, BAL tends to show the typical features of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, while, in rheumatoid arthritis patients, it is more heterogeneous, with a less intense lymphocytosis, a more pronounced neutrophilia, and a higher CD4/CD8 ratio. These differences could be related to a disparity in baseline pulmonary conditions between the two background diseases, i.e., to the presence of previously healthy lungs in cancer patients, and lungs already involved by the immune-mediated inflammatory processes, often not manifestly, in rheumatoid arthritis patients.","PeriodicalId":13680,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation & allergy drug targets","volume":"13 1","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1871528112666131230013059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31984044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

The Alzheimer pandemic: is paracetamol to blame? 老年痴呆症大流行：扑热息痛是罪魁祸首吗？

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2014-02-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871528112666131219163405

Günther Robert Norman Jones

{"title":"The Alzheimer pandemic: is paracetamol to blame?","authors":"Günther Robert Norman Jones","doi":"10.2174/1871528112666131219163405","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871528112666131219163405","url":null,"abstract":"Historical background: The clinical recognition of a form of dementia closely resembling Alzheimer's disease dates from around 1800. The role of analgesics derived from coal-tar in the spread of the pandemic is traced in terms of the introduction of phenacetin (PN) in 1887; its nephrotoxicity; the observation of lesions characteristic of the disease by Fischer and Alzheimer; the discovery of paracetamol (PA) as the major metabolite of PN; the linking of kidney injury and dementia with high PN usage; and the failure of PN replacement by PA to halt and reverse the exponential, inexorable rise in the incidence of Alzheimer-type dementia. Fischer observed his first case before Alzheimer; it is proposed to rename the syndrome Fischer-Alzheimer disease (F-AD). Disease development: PA-metabolising enzymes are localised in the synaptic areas of the frontal cortex and hippocampus, where F-AD lesions arise. The initiating chemical lesions in liver poisoning comprise covalent binding of a highly reactive product of PA metabolism to proteins; similar events are believed to occur in brain, where alterations in the antigenic profiles of cerebral proteins activate the microglia. β-Amyloid forms, and, like PA itself, induces nitric oxide synthase. Peroxynitrite modifies cerebral proteins by nitrating tyrosine residues, further challenging the microglia and exacerbating the amyloid cascade. Spontaneous reinnervation, N-acetyl cysteine administration and tyrosine supplementation may attenuate the early stages of F-AD development.Conclusion: F-AD is primarily a man-made condition with PA as its principal risk factor.","PeriodicalId":13680,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation & allergy drug targets","volume":"13 1","pages":"2-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8f/c3/IADT-13-2.PMC3921468.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31967403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of simvastatin on inflammatory cytokines balance in air pouch granuloma model. 辛伐他汀对气袋肉芽肿模型炎性细胞因子平衡的影响。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2014-02-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871528112666131230012026

Hanan M Hassan, Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar, Amal M El-Gayar, Tarek M Ibrahim

{"title":"Effect of simvastatin on inflammatory cytokines balance in air pouch granuloma model.","authors":"Hanan M Hassan, Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar, Amal M El-Gayar, Tarek M Ibrahim","doi":"10.2174/1871528112666131230012026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871528112666131230012026","url":null,"abstract":"Simvastatin has important immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects independent of lipid lowering effects. Therefore, our study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin either alone or in combination with aspirin. Air pouch granuloma model was used for induction of inflammation in 72 male Wistar albino rats, which were treated with simvastatin (20 mg/kg/day), aspirin (25 mg/kg/day) or both for 3 or 6 executive days. Inflammatory exudates were collected and measured. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring exudates' malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Inflammatory mediator C-reactive protein (CRP) was investigated using slide agglutination test. Exudates' levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-4 were measured by ELISA. We found that simvastatin alone or in combination with aspirin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing volume of exudates. Simvastatin significantly reduced serum level of CRP and exudates levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MDA as well as significantly elevated exudates level of NO and IL-4. The results of simvastain were comparable to those of aspirin. In conclusion, air pouch granuloma interrupted the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers, which is restored by simvastatin. The anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin are comparable to aspirin and their combination may produce better effects especially in the attenuation of the oxidative stress and IL-6. ","PeriodicalId":13680,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation & allergy drug targets","volume":"13 1","pages":"74-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1871528112666131230012026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31985542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Microbiota regulation of inflammatory bowel disease. 微生物群对炎症性肠病的调节。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2014-02-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871528113666140118202140

Heather L Evans-Marin, Yingzi Cong

引用次数: 2

Substance P at the neuro-immune crosstalk in the modulation of inflammation, asthma and antimicrobial host defense. P物质在炎症、哮喘和抗微生物宿主防御调节中的神经免疫串扰作用。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871528113666140323202419

Jia Sun, Madhav Bhatia

引用次数: 22

Rheumatoid arthritis: an autoimmune disease with female preponderance and cardiovascular risk equivalent to diabetes mellitus: role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance. 类风湿关节炎:一种女性占优势的自身免疫性疾病，心血管风险相当于糖尿病:心血管磁共振的作用。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871528113666140131151522

Sophie Mavrogeni, Theodoros Dimitroulas, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Stacy Ardoin, Petros P Sfikakis, Genovefa Kolovou, George D Kitas

{"title":"Rheumatoid arthritis: an autoimmune disease with female preponderance and cardiovascular risk equivalent to diabetes mellitus: role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance.","authors":"Sophie Mavrogeni, Theodoros Dimitroulas, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Stacy Ardoin, Petros P Sfikakis, Genovefa Kolovou, George D Kitas","doi":"10.2174/1871528113666140131151522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871528113666140131151522","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, inflammatory disease with female preponderance, characterized by severe articular and extraarticular manifestations. Cardiovascular (CV) disease in RA usually occurs a decade earlier than age- and sex-matched controls and patients with RA are twice more likely to develop myocardial infarction irrespective of age, history of prior CVD events and traditional CV risk factors. It has been shown that atherosclerotic CV disease in RA shares similarities with CV disease in diabetes mellitus (DM) in terms of clinical presentation and preclinical atherosclerosis. In addition to atherosclerosis, RA also increases risk of non-ischemic heart failure, valvular disease and myopericardial disease. Therefore, RA is considered at least a cardiovascular equivalent to diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), a non-invasive, nonradiating technique, and due to its capability to perform tissue characterisation, can effectively identify CVdisease acuity and etiology during the course of RA. CMR, by using a combination of function evaluation, oedema-fibrosis detection and stress perfusion-fibrosis imaging can unveil myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, diffuse subendocardial vasculitis, coronary and peripheral artery disease in RA patients, who usually are oligo-asymptomatic. Additionally, CMR is the ideal technique for operator independent, reproducible diagnostic and follow up assessment. However, lack of availability, expertise and high cost still remain serious drawbacks of CMR. ","PeriodicalId":13680,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation & allergy drug targets","volume":"13 2","pages":"81-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32075175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Mapracorat, a novel non-steroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. 一种用于治疗过敏性结膜炎的新型非甾体选择性糖皮质激素受体激动剂。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871528113666141106101356

Monica Baiula, Santi Spampinato

{"title":"Mapracorat, a novel non-steroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.","authors":"Monica Baiula, Santi Spampinato","doi":"10.2174/1871528113666141106101356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871528113666141106101356","url":null,"abstract":"Glucocorticoids are used to treat chronic and severe forms of allergic conjunctivitis. Although they exert a rapid and powerful therapeutic activity, relevant side effects may limit their ocular use: increase of intraocular pressure, cataract formation and reduced resistance to infections. New glucocorticoids displaying the same potency of classical glucocorticoids but with fewer adverse effects are needed for the treatment of ocular disorders. Mapracorat (also known as ZK245186 or BOL-303242-X) is a novel non-steroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist that is in the first phases of clinical evaluation (Phase II Clinical trials) for topical treatment of inflammatory skin and ocular disorders. Mapracorat binds selectively to human glucocorticoid receptor and displays powerful anti-inflammatory effects. In experimental models of ocular diseases, mapracorat reduces clinical symptoms, eosinophil recruitment, chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines production at ocular level, confirming that it acts preventing both the early and late phase of allergic response. Interestingly, mapracorat induces a lower increase of intraocular pressure in comparison to the classical glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Several clinical trials are ongoing to investigate the efficacy and safety of mapracorat for the treatment of several ocular diseases. Transrepressive mechanisms are thought to account for the majority of mapracorat's antiinflammatory effects; however, the induction of anti-inflammatory proteins likely involved in transactivation events may contribute to mapracorat-mediated anti-inflammatory properties and deserve to be further investigated in suitable in vivo and in vitro models. These observations may influence how novel \"differential\" ligands are discovered, identified and evaluated. ","PeriodicalId":13680,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation & allergy drug targets","volume":"13 5","pages":"289-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32794327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Disulfide stress and its targets in acute pancreatitis. 急性胰腺炎二硫化物应激及其靶细胞。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871528114666141216155759

Mari-Luz Moreno, Javier Escobar, Isabela Finamor, Antonio Martinez-Ruiz, Juan Sastre

引用次数: 2

The gut microbiome. 肠道微生物群。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871528113666140623113221

Giovanni C Actis

{"title":"The gut microbiome.","authors":"Giovanni C Actis","doi":"10.2174/1871528113666140623113221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871528113666140623113221","url":null,"abstract":"Since the discovery and use of the microscope in the 17(th) century, we know that we host trillions of micro-organisms mostly in the form of bacteria indwelling the \"barrier organs\" skin, gut, and airways. They exert regulatory functions, are in a continuous dialogue with the intestinal epithelia, influence energy handling, produce nutrients, and may cause diabetes and obesity. The human microbiome has developed by modulating or avoiding inflammatory responses; the host senses bacterial presence through cell surface sensors (the Toll-like receptors) as well as by refining mucous barriers as passive defense mechanisms. The cell density and composition of the microbiome are variable and multifactored. The way of delivery establishes the type of initial flora; use of antibiotics is another factor; diet composition after weaning will shape the adult's microbiome composition, depending on the subject's life-style. Short-chain fatty acids participate in the favoring action exerted by microbiome in the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes and obesity. Clinical observation has pinpointed a sharp rise of various dysimmune conditions in the last decades, including IBD and rheumatoid arthritis, changes that outweigh the input of simple heritability. It is nowadays proposed that the microbiome, incapable to keep up with the changes of our life-style and feeding sources in the past few decades might have contributed to these immune imbalances, finding itself inadequate to handle the changed gut environment. Another pathway to pathology is the rise of directly pathogenic phyla within a given microbiome: growth of adherent E. coli, of C. concisus, and of C. jejuni, might be examples of causes of local enteropathy, whereas the genus Prevotella copri is now suspected to be linked to rise of arthritic disorders. Inflammasomes are required to shape a non colitogenic flora. Treatment of IBD and infectious enteritides by the use of fecal transplant is warranted by this knowledge. ","PeriodicalId":13680,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation & allergy drug targets","volume":"13 4","pages":"217-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32446369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 108

Biological treatments for SAPHO syndrome: an update. SAPHO综合征的生物治疗:最新进展。

Inflammation & allergy drug targets Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871528113666140520100402

Davide Firinu, Giuseppe Murgia, Maria Maddalena Lorrai, Maria Pina Barca, Maria Monica Peralta, Paolo Emilio Manconi, Stefano R del Giacco

{"title":"Biological treatments for SAPHO syndrome: an update.","authors":"Davide Firinu, Giuseppe Murgia, Maria Maddalena Lorrai, Maria Pina Barca, Maria Monica Peralta, Paolo Emilio Manconi, Stefano R del Giacco","doi":"10.2174/1871528113666140520100402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871528113666140520100402","url":null,"abstract":"Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis and Osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare and often unrecognized disease with prominent inflammatory cutaneous and articular manifestations. Since the identification of the syndrome many immunosuppressive drugs have been used for the management of SAPHO, with variable results. The use of anti- TNF-α agents as a therapeutic option for SAPHO cases unresponsive or refractory to conventional drugs, demonstrated their efficacy for bone, skin and joints manifestations. TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and pivotal regulator of other cytokines, including IL-1 β , IL-6 and IL-8, involved in inflammation, acute-phase response induction and chemotaxis. IL-1 inhibition strategies with Anakinra have proven their efficacy as first and second line treatment. We herein review the literature concerning the use of biological drugs in patients with SAPHO syndrome. In addition, we describe for the first time the use of Ustekinumab, an antibody against the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, after failure of multiple drugs including anti-TNF-α and Anakinra. This anti-IL12/IL23 agent could be a promising therapeutic option, also considering the opportunity to interfere with the IL23/TH17 pathway, which we recently found disturbed. Furthermore, a rationale emerges for the use of the new anti-IL-1 antagonists or the IL-17 blockade, in particular for the most difficult-to-treat SAPHO cases. ","PeriodicalId":13680,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation & allergy drug targets","volume":"13 3","pages":"199-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32357961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34