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Search for a Common Ground in the Fogs of Innovation Definitions 在创新定义的迷雾中寻找共同点
Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal Pub Date : 2017-09-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3139486
Bouke J.G. van der Kooij
{"title":"Search for a Common Ground in the Fogs of Innovation Definitions","authors":"Bouke J.G. van der Kooij","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3139486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3139486","url":null,"abstract":"Defining Innovation is essential for Innovation Research. However, the available definitions of the notion of innovation found in the increasing scholarly publications, show a large heterogeneity creating confusion and incompatibility. In this paper we analyze the innovation-definitions that emerged after WW-II according their different thinking, illustrating the heterogeneity of case-specific definitions. As for research Change & Novelty a generic definition is needed, we try to find a common ground. We apply systems-thinking with the ‘system’ and its ‘function’ at its core. After analyzing the product function, the organizational function and the production function, we conclude that Change & Novelty can be related to the construct of the system and its function. We propose a generic definition based on the stepwise change in the system and its function, that could help to create a better understanding of Change & Novelty in the real world.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86509722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Developing Role of Unions in China's Foreign‐Invested Enterprises 工会在中国外商投资企业中的发展作用
Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal Pub Date : 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/bjir.12218
A. Chan, E. Snape, M. Luo, Yujuan Zhai
{"title":"The Developing Role of Unions in China's Foreign‐Invested Enterprises","authors":"A. Chan, E. Snape, M. Luo, Yujuan Zhai","doi":"10.1111/bjir.12218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12218","url":null,"abstract":"This article evaluates the development of Chinese enterprise unions, drawing on case-study evidence from foreign-invested enterprises in the Pearl River Delta. Findings suggest that it was difficult for such employers to resist the establishment of an enterprise union. However, they generally sought to co-opt the union to meet organizational needs. Management strategy was critical in shaping the union's role, and our evidence suggests that this was influenced by factors such as home-country policies, the expectations of overseas customers, management ideology and pressures from the ACFTU and the Party-State to comply with the requirement for a union. The implications for the role of unions are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85703107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Intangible Assets and the Organization of Global Supply Chains 无形资产与全球供应链组织
Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3028044
Stefano Bolatto, Alireza Naghavi, G. Ottaviano, Katja Zajc
{"title":"Intangible Assets and the Organization of Global Supply Chains","authors":"Stefano Bolatto, Alireza Naghavi, G. Ottaviano, Katja Zajc","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3028044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3028044","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the concept of intangible assets in sequential supply chains and the importance of their appropriability in the organizational decision of firms. We focus on the quality of intellectual property rights (IPR) institutions, which on top of the hold-up problem between a supplier and the final producer entails an additional risk of imitation as technology may leak to competing producers in the market. The level of IPR enforcement in the location of a supplier can therefore play a crucial role in determining the decision of a final good producer whether to outsource or integrate a particular stage of production. The analysis is performed with Antras and Chor (2013) in the background, where the position of the input along the supply chain, i.e. its upstreamness, and the degree of sequential complementarity of stage-specific inputs influence the organizational strategy of firms through the incentive structure of supplier investments. Our findings show that introducing intangible assets in sequential supply chain may have the opposite effect of contractibility on outsourcing decision, where only tangible property rights are considered. We argue therefore that the risk of imitation is a relevant feature that needs to be accounted for in the incomplete contract literature. Our theoretical predictions are validated on Slovenian firm-level data.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86816495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Innovative Events 创新活动
Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3085935
Max Nathan, A. Rosso
{"title":"Innovative Events","authors":"Max Nathan, A. Rosso","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3085935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3085935","url":null,"abstract":"We take a fresh look at firms' innovation-productivity linkages, using novel data capturing new aspects of innovative activity. We combine UK administrative microdata, media and website content to develop experimental metrics – new product/service launches – for a large panel of SMEs. Extensive validation and descriptive exercises show that launches complement patents, trademarks and innovation surveys. We also establish connections between launches and previous innovative activity. We then link IP, launches and productivity, controlling for media exposure and firm heterogeneity. Launch activity is associated with higher SME productivity, especially in the service sector. High-quality launches and medium-size firms help drive this result.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84744698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Efficient Institutions and Effective Deterrence: On Timing and Uncertainty of Formal Sanctions 有效制度与有效威慑:论正式制裁的时机与不确定性
Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal Pub Date : 2017-06-26 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8113
Sheheryar Banuri, S. Dercon, V. Gauri
{"title":"Efficient Institutions and Effective Deterrence: On Timing and Uncertainty of Formal Sanctions","authors":"Sheheryar Banuri, S. Dercon, V. Gauri","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-8113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8113","url":null,"abstract":"Although the decisions of policy professionals are often more consequential than those of individuals in their private capacity, there is a dearth of studies on the biases of policy professionals: those who prepare and implement policy on behalf of elected politicians. Experiments conducted on a novel subject pool of development policy professionals (public servants of the World Bank and the Department for International Development in the UK) show that policy professionals are indeed subject to decision-making traps, including the effects of framing outcomes as losses or gains, and, most strikingly, confirmation bias driven by ideological predisposition, despite having an explicit mission to promote evidence-informed and impartial decision making. These findings should worry policy professionals and their principals in governments and large organizations, as well as citizens themselves. A further experiment, in which policy professionals engage in discussion, shows that deliberation may be able to mitigate the effects of some of these biases.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90367507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
БАЛАНСИРАНА КАРТА ЗА ОЦЕНКА КАТО ИНСТРУМЕНТ ЗА УСЪВЪРШЕНСТВАНЕ НА НЕМАТЕРИАЛНИТЕ АКТИВИ (The Balanced Scorecard Model as a Tool for Enhancement of Intangible Assets)
Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal Pub Date : 2017-05-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3123292
V. Terziev, E. Stoyanov, Marin Georgiev
{"title":"БАЛАНСИРАНА КАРТА ЗА ОЦЕНКА КАТО ИНСТРУМЕНТ ЗА УСЪВЪРШЕНСТВАНЕ НА НЕМАТЕРИАЛНИТЕ АКТИВИ (The Balanced Scorecard Model as a Tool for Enhancement of Intangible Assets)","authors":"V. Terziev, E. Stoyanov, Marin Georgiev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3123292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3123292","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Bulgarian Abstract:</b> Целта на настоящата разработка е да се натрупат достатъчно доказателства и аргументи в посока да се получи обществото необходимата степен на увереност, че по пътя на промени в мисленето и най-вече на ефикасно практическо приложение на обосновани от адаптирането на управленски модели като Балансираната карта за оценка могат да бъдат достигнати високи нива на ефективност на всички йерархически нива в ключови системи за обществото и държавата. <b>English Abstract:</b> The aim of this study is to gather sufficient evidence and arguments in order to prove to society that during the process of change in thinking and especially of effective practical implementation of management models such as the balanced scorecard model, high levels of efficiency can be achieved on all hierarchical levels in systems key for the society and the state.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83133283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Peter Drucker Approach: Economic Growth and Transnational Economy of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 彼得·德鲁克方法:沙特阿拉伯王国的经济增长与跨国经济
Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal Pub Date : 2017-05-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2968193
Mustapha Akintona
{"title":"Peter Drucker Approach: Economic Growth and Transnational Economy of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Mustapha Akintona","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2968193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2968193","url":null,"abstract":"Financial system and technological progress as a productive investments concern about the relationship between the expected real interest rates and outputs because investments have monetary transmission mechanism on the productivity and labor-supply which have effects on outputs, inflations, and the interest rates. But the dynamic general equilibrium model of the real business cycle has the impulse response momentum in the macroeconomic variables including investments, employments, real wages, interest rates, consumptions, the GDP deflators, and GDP. The productive investments with the efficient utilization of capital stock effectively influence the direction of real wages, marginal cost and price formation so the business enterprises and welfare system of the Saudi-Arabia kingdom optimize the real business cycle of the economy with advancements in productivity levels, innovation and technology, and the efficient capital markets.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78879196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Skill Structure of Export Wage Premium: Evidence from Chinese Matched Employer–Employee Data 出口工资溢价的技能结构:来自中国匹配雇主-雇员数据的证据
Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/twec.12397
Mi Dai, Jianwei Xu
{"title":"The Skill Structure of Export Wage Premium: Evidence from Chinese Matched Employer–Employee Data","authors":"Mi Dai, Jianwei Xu","doi":"10.1111/twec.12397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12397","url":null,"abstract":"We study how the wage gap between exporting and non-exporting firms (export wage premium) differs across skill groups, using unique matched employer–employee data from China. We find robust evidence that exporters pay relatively higher wages than non-exporters to more educated workers. The differences in export wage premium across education groups are sizable. Further investigations show that the positive correlation between export wage premium and education is more pronounced in sectors with higher scope for quality differentiation. This is consistent with the theory that exporters produce relatively higher quality goods which require relatively higher quality skilled workers.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86822366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Labor Market Policies and FDI Flows to GCC Countries 劳动力市场政策和流向海湾合作委员会国家的外国直接投资
Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal Pub Date : 2017-04-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3136170
Wasseem Mina
{"title":"Labor Market Policies and FDI Flows to GCC Countries","authors":"Wasseem Mina","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3136170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3136170","url":null,"abstract":"The six oil-rich Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries adopted interventionist labor policies in the early 1990s to increase employment of nationals and control expatriate labor mobility. In the second half of the 2000s the GCC countries switched to market-oriented, flexible labor policies, intended to equate the cost of national and expatriate labor and enhance expatriate labor mobility. After the 2011 Arab Spring, the GCC labor policy responses had differed. In this paper we empirically examine the impact of market-oriented labor policies on FDI flows to the GCC countries for the period 2007-2015. Using panel data model and accounting for unobservable country effects, results show that cooperative labor employer relations, flexible hiring and firing practices, linking pay to productivity, and reliance on professional management encourage FDI flows to the GCC countries. Robustness checks show a positive influence of at least one dimension of labor market flexibility on FDI flows. This evidence lends support to the influence that flexible labor market policies have on FDI flows. The latter is perceived as key to income diversification in the GCC countries.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82859761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Languages and Earnings Management 语言与盈余管理
Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal Pub Date : 2017-03-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2941120
Jaehyeong Kim, Yongtae Kim, Jian Zhou
{"title":"Languages and Earnings Management","authors":"Jaehyeong Kim, Yongtae Kim, Jian Zhou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2941120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2941120","url":null,"abstract":"We predict that managers of firms in countries where languages do not require speakers to grammatically mark future events perceive future consequences of earnings management to be more imminent, and therefore they are less likely to engage in earnings management. Using data from 38 countries, we find that accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management are less prevalent where there is weaker time disassociation in the language. Our study is the first to examine the relation between the grammatical structure of languages and financial reporting characteristics, and it extends the literature on the effect of informal institutions on corporate actions.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81248002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 135
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