Innate ImmunityPub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1177/17534259231215581
Nikoleta Bizymi, Andreas M Matthaiou, Irene Mavroudi, Aristea Batsali, Helen A Papadaki
{"title":"Immunomodulatory actions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the context of innate immunity.","authors":"Nikoleta Bizymi, Andreas M Matthaiou, Irene Mavroudi, Aristea Batsali, Helen A Papadaki","doi":"10.1177/17534259231215581","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534259231215581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are notable innate immune cells, which are further divided into two subpopulations, i.e., monocytic and granulocytic. These cells are traditionally considered to mainly suppress the T-cell responses. However, more updated data indicate that their properties are rather immunomodulatory than solely immunosuppressive. Indeed, MDSCs display extensive crosstalk with other either innate or adaptive immune cells, and, according to the situation under which they are triggered, they may enhance or attenuate the immune response. However, their positive role in host's defense mechanisms under specific conditions is rarely discussed in the literature. In this mini-review, the authors briefly summarise the mechanisms of action of MDSCs under distinct conditions, such as infections and malignancies, with a particular emphasis on their role as components of the innate immunity system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13676,"journal":{"name":"Innate Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"2-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10720601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138451435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innate ImmunityPub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1177/17534259231205959
Lauren Bodilly, Lauren Williamson, Patrick Lahni, Matthew N Alder, David B Haslam, Jennifer M Kaplan
{"title":"Obesity Alters cytokine signaling and gut microbiome in septic mice.","authors":"Lauren Bodilly, Lauren Williamson, Patrick Lahni, Matthew N Alder, David B Haslam, Jennifer M Kaplan","doi":"10.1177/17534259231205959","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534259231205959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality. Plasma cytokine levels may identify those at increased risk of mortality from sepsis. Our aim was to understand how obesity alters cytokine levels during early sepsis and its correlation with survival. Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were randomized to control (non-obese) or high fat diet (obese) for 5-7 weeks. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Cytokine levels were measured from cheek bleeds 8 h after CLP, and mice were monitored for survival. Other cohorts were sacrificed 1 h after CLP for plasma and tissue. Septic obese mice had higher survival. At 8 h after sepsis, obese mice had higher adiponectin, leptin, and resistin but lower TNFα and IL-6 compared to non-obese mice. When stratified by 24-h survival, adipokines were not significantly different in obese and non-obese mice. TNFα and IL-6 were higher in non-obese, compared to obese, mice that died within 24 h of sepsis. Diet and to sepsis significantly impacted the cecal microbiome. IL-6 is a prognostic biomarker during early sepsis in non-obese and obese mice. A plausible mechanism for the survival difference in non-obese and obese mice may be the difference in gut microbiome and its evolution during sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13676,"journal":{"name":"Innate Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10621470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41096068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innate ImmunityPub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1177/17534259231207198
Ravi Bharadwaj, Madison V Anonick, Swati Jaiswal, Siavash Mashayekh, Ashley Brown, Kimberly A Wodzanowski, Kendi Okuda, Neal Silverman, Catherine L Grimes
{"title":"Synthesis and validation of click-modified NOD1/2 agonists.","authors":"Ravi Bharadwaj, Madison V Anonick, Swati Jaiswal, Siavash Mashayekh, Ashley Brown, Kimberly A Wodzanowski, Kendi Okuda, Neal Silverman, Catherine L Grimes","doi":"10.1177/17534259231207198","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534259231207198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>NOD1 and NOD2 sense small bacterial peptidoglycan fragments, often called muropeptides, that access the cytosol. These muropeptides include iE-DAP and MDP, the minimal agonists for NOD1 and NOD2, respectively. Here, we synthesized and validated alkyne-modified muropeptides, iE-DAP-Alk and MDP-Alk, for use in click-chemistry reactions. While it has long been known that many cell types respond to extracellular exposure to muropeptides, it is unclear how these innate immune activators access their cytosolic innate immune receptors, NOD1 and NOD2. The subcellular trafficking and transport mechanisms by which muropeptides access these cytosolic innate immune receptors are a major gap in our understanding of these critical host responses. The click-chemistry-enabled agonists developed here will be particularly powerful to decipher the underlying cell biology and biochemistry of NOD1 and NOD2 innate immune sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":13676,"journal":{"name":"Innate Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"186-200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10621468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41199834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innate ImmunityPub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1177/17534259231205993
Ahmet K Korkaya, Jeffrey Fischer, Anthony Peppers, Sean M Crosson, Manira Rayamajhi, Edward A Miao, Albert S Baldwin, Jennifer W Bradford
{"title":"Production of a p65<sup>fl/fl</sup>/LysMCre mouse model with dysfunctional NF-κB signaling in bone marrow-derived macrophages.","authors":"Ahmet K Korkaya, Jeffrey Fischer, Anthony Peppers, Sean M Crosson, Manira Rayamajhi, Edward A Miao, Albert S Baldwin, Jennifer W Bradford","doi":"10.1177/17534259231205993","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534259231205993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here, we describe the production and characterization of a novel p65<sup>fl/fl</sup>/LysMCre mouse model, which lacks canonical nuclear factor-kappaB member RelA/p65 (indicated as p65 hereafter) in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages that lack p65 protein reveal NF-κB signaling deficiencies, a reduction in phagocytic ability, and reduced ability to produce nitrites. Despite abnormal bone marrow-derived macrophage function, p65<sup>fl/fl</sup>/LysMCre mice do not exhibit differences in naïve systemic immune profiles or colony forming units and time to death following <i>Salmonella</i> infection as compared to controls. Additionally, p65<sup>fl/fl</sup>/LysMCre mice, especially females, display splenomegaly, but no other obvious physical or behavioral differences as compared to control animals. As bone marrow-derived macrophages from this transgenic model are almost completely devoid of canonical nuclear factor-kappaB pathway member p65, this model has the potential for being very useful in investigating bone marrow-derived macrophage NF-kappaB signaling in diverse biological and biomedical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13676,"journal":{"name":"Innate Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"171-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10621469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41199833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innate ImmunityPub Date : 2023-10-01Epub Date: 2023-08-22DOI: 10.1177/17534259231191252
Yusaku Tsugami, Takahiro Nii, Ken Kobayashi, Naoki Isobe
{"title":"Potential effects of gingerol topical application on components of the innate immunity in lactating goat mammary glands.","authors":"Yusaku Tsugami, Takahiro Nii, Ken Kobayashi, Naoki Isobe","doi":"10.1177/17534259231191252","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534259231191252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the mammary glands, production of antimicrobial components and formation of less-permeable tight junctions (TJs) are important for safe milk production. Previously, we reported that local heat treatment of udders using disposable heating pad enhances the components of innate immunity in lactating goat mammary glands. Gingerol is a polyphenol present in ginger that can induce heat-like effects. However, oral administration of polyphenols causes a decrease in biological activity through conjugation and metabolic conversion. Here, we investigated the effects of gingerol on antimicrobial components and TJs by topically applying it to lactating goat udders. Gingerol application increased the somatic cell count, cathelicidin-2 concentration, and proportion of polymorphonuclear cells in the milk and interleukin-8 production. Moreover, gingerol treatment enhanced β-defensin-1 production in milk, cultured mammary epithelial cells, and cultured somatic cells. Contrastingly, gingerol treatment did not affect the concentrations of blood-derived components (Na<sup>+</sup>, albumin, and IgG) in the milk or the TJ barrier function of cultured mammary epithelial cells. These findings suggest that the topical application of gingerol, similar to local heat treatment, to udders enhances the components of innate immunity in mammary glands. These findings may be useful for the prevention of mastitis in milk-producing animals and, hence, safe and stable dairy production.</p>","PeriodicalId":13676,"journal":{"name":"Innate Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"135-149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7e/68/10.1177_17534259231191252.PMC10559874.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10041380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innate ImmunityPub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1177/17534259231186239
Young S Lee, I-Ting Cheng, Godoy-Ruiz Raquel, David J Weber, Joseph R Scalea
{"title":"Initial exploration of a novel fusion protein, IL-4/IL-34/IL-10, which promotes cardiac allograft survival mice through alloregulation.","authors":"Young S Lee, I-Ting Cheng, Godoy-Ruiz Raquel, David J Weber, Joseph R Scalea","doi":"10.1177/17534259231186239","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534259231186239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune mediated graft loss still represents a major risk to transplant recipients. Creative approaches to immunosuppression that exploit the recipient's own alloregulatory mechanisms could reduce the need for pharmacologic immunosuppression and potentially induce immune tolerance. In the process of studying recipient derived myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), we identified key alloregulatory MDSC mechanisms, mediated by isolatable proteins IL-4, IL-34, and IL-10. We sought to purify these proteins and fuse them for subsequent infusion into transplant recipients as a means of inducing an alloregulatory response. In this introductory investigation, we leveraged molecular engineering technology to create a fusion protein (FP) of three cytokine coding sequences of IL-4, IL-34, and IL-10 and demonstrated their expressions by Western Blot analysis. Following purification, we tested whether FP IL-4/IL-34/IL-10 (FP1) can protect heart transplant allografts. Injection of FP1 significantly prolonged allogeneic cardiac graft survival in a dose-dependent fashion and the increase of graft survival time exceeded survival attributable to IL-34 alone. In vitro, MDSCs cells were expanded by FP1 treatment. However, FP1 did not directly inhibit T cell proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, newly developed FP1 improves the graft survival in cardiac transplantation mouse model. Significant additional work to optimize FP1 or include other novel proteins could supplement current treatment options for transplant patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13676,"journal":{"name":"Innate Immunity","volume":"29 7","pages":"150-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bb/81/10.1177_17534259231186239.PMC10559875.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41134979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innate ImmunityPub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1177/17534259231178223
Hamid Shegarfi
{"title":"Recognition of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> infection by natural killer cells: Towards a complete picture by experimental studies in rats.","authors":"Hamid Shegarfi","doi":"10.1177/17534259231178223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17534259231178223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of cellular immune responses in animal disease models demands detailed knowledge of development, function, and regulation of immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells. <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (<i>LM</i>) bacterium has been explored in a large area of research fields, including the host pathogen interaction. Although the importance role of NK cells in controlling the first phase of <i>LM</i> burden has been investigated, the interaction between NK cells and infected cells in details are far from being comprehended. From <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> experiments, we can drive several important pieces of knowledge that hopefully contribute to illuminating the intercommunication between <i>LM-</i>infected cells and NK cells. Experimental studies performed in rats revealed that certain NK cell ligands are influenced in <i>LM-</i>infected cells. These ligands include both classical- and non-classical MHC class I molecules and C-type lectin related (Clr) molecules that are ligands for Ly49- and NKR-P1 receptors respectively. Interaction between these receptors:ligands during <i>LM</i> infection, demonstrated stimulation of rat NK cells. Hence, these studies provided additional knowledge to the mechanisms NK cells utilise to recognise and respond to <i>LM</i> infection outlined in the current review.</p>","PeriodicalId":13676,"journal":{"name":"Innate Immunity","volume":"29 6","pages":"110-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c8/95/10.1177_17534259231178223.PMC10468624.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10489357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innate ImmunityPub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1177/17534259231193926
Michael G Shehat, Madelyn H Miller, Ashley N Calder, Timothy A Gilbertson, Justine T Tigno-Aranjuez
{"title":"Dietary fat differentially modulates the response of bone marrow-derived macrophages to TLR4 and NOD2 agonists.","authors":"Michael G Shehat, Madelyn H Miller, Ashley N Calder, Timothy A Gilbertson, Justine T Tigno-Aranjuez","doi":"10.1177/17534259231193926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17534259231193926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consumption of diets high in fat has been linked to the development of obesity and related metabolic complications. Such associations originate from the enhanced, chronic, low-grade inflammation mediated by macrophages in response to translocated bacteria, bacterial products, or dietary constituents such as fatty acids (FAs). Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain 2 (NOD2) senses muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a component of bacterial peptidoglycan. The inability to sense peptidoglycan through NOD2 has been demonstrated to lead to dysbiosis, increased bacterial translocation, inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Currently, it is unknown how consumption of HFDs with different FA compositions might influence NOD2-dependent responses. In this study, we subjected WT mice to a control diet or to HFDs comprised of various ratios of unsaturated to saturated fats and determined the macrophage response to TLR4 and NOD2 agonists. A HFD with equal ratios of saturated and unsaturated fats enhanced subsequent responsiveness of macrophages to LPS but not to MDP. However, a high-unsaturated fat diet (HUFD) or a high-saturated fat diet (HSFD) both <i>decreased</i> the responsiveness to NOD2 agonists compared to that observed in control diet (CD) fed mice. These data suggest that dietary fatty acid composition can influence the subsequent macrophage responsiveness to bacterial products.</p>","PeriodicalId":13676,"journal":{"name":"Innate Immunity","volume":"29 6","pages":"122-131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f9/55/10.1177_17534259231193926.PMC10468623.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10489899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innate ImmunityPub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1177/17534259231189195
Xiaojing Zhang, Zhanfang Kang, Dazhong Yin, Jun Gao
{"title":"Role of neutrophils in different stages of atherosclerosis.","authors":"Xiaojing Zhang, Zhanfang Kang, Dazhong Yin, Jun Gao","doi":"10.1177/17534259231189195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17534259231189195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutrophils constitute the first line of defense in human immunity and can be attracted to inflamed and infected sites by various chemokines. As essential players in immune processes, neutrophils theoretically play integral roles in the course of chronic inflammation-induced atherosclerosis. However, because neutrophils are rarely found in atherosclerotic lesions, their involvement in the pathophysiological progression of atherosclerosis has been largely underestimated or ignored. Recent research has revealed convincing evidence showing the presence of neutrophils in atherosclerotic lesions and has revealed neutrophil contributions to different atherosclerosis stages in mice and humans. This review describes the underlying mechanisms of neutrophils in different stages of atherosclerosis and highlights potential neutrophil-targeted therapeutic strategies relevant to atherosclerosis. An in-depth understanding of neutrophils' roles in atherosclerosis pathology will promote exploration of new methods for the prevention and treatment of atherogenesis and atherothrombosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13676,"journal":{"name":"Innate Immunity","volume":"29 6","pages":"97-109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/2f/10.1177_17534259231189195.PMC10468622.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10665759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innate ImmunityPub Date : 2023-07-01Epub Date: 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1177/17534259231181029
Taylor Crue, Grace Yihua Lee, Joyce Yao-Chun Peng, Niccolette Schaunaman, Hina Agraval, Brian J Day, Kris Genelyn Dimasuay, Diana Cervantes, Hamid Nouri, Taylor Nichols, Paige Hartsoe, Mari Numata, Irina Petrache, Hong Wei Chu
{"title":"Single cell RNA-sequencing of human precision-cut lung slices: A novel approach to study the effect of vaping and viral infection on lung health.","authors":"Taylor Crue, Grace Yihua Lee, Joyce Yao-Chun Peng, Niccolette Schaunaman, Hina Agraval, Brian J Day, Kris Genelyn Dimasuay, Diana Cervantes, Hamid Nouri, Taylor Nichols, Paige Hartsoe, Mari Numata, Irina Petrache, Hong Wei Chu","doi":"10.1177/17534259231181029","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534259231181029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaping is an increasing health threat in the US and worldwide. The damaging impact of vaping on the human distal lung has been highlighted by the recent epidemic of electronic cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI). The pathogenesis of EVALI remains incompletely understood, due to a paucity of models that recapitulate the structural and functional complexity of the human distal lung and the still poorly defined culprit exposures to vaping products and respiratory viral infections. Our aim was to establish the feasibility of using single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology in human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) as a more physiologically relevant model to better understand how vaping regulates the antiviral and pro-inflammatory response to influenza A virus infection. Normal healthy donor PCLS were treated with vaping extract and influenza A viruses for scRNA-seq analysis. Vaping extract augmented host antiviral and pro-inflammatory responses in structural cells such as lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts, as well as in immune cells such as macrophages and monocytes. Our findings suggest that human distal lung slice model is useful to study the heterogeneous responses of immune and structural cells under EVALI conditions, such as vaping and respiratory viral infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13676,"journal":{"name":"Innate Immunity","volume":"29 5","pages":"61-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/df/10.1177_17534259231181029.PMC10357887.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9846417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}