Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development最新文献

{"title":"The Regional Cooperation of the Western Balkans and the Challenges on the Path of Integration in the European Union","authors":"Parashqevi Draçi, Gentiana Kraja, H. Themelko","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s215","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to highlight the importance of regional cooperation in the Western Balkan countries and the difficulties on the path to European Union integration. The objectives of the study are to emphasize the advantages of regional collaboration; the aspiration of the Western Balkan nations to join the EU as a catalyst for cooperation by opening up fresh avenues for political, social, and economic advancement; initiatives, processes, and agreements are undertaken under the auspices of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Commission for co-operation between them and preparation for EU integration; as well as obstacles and challenges to effective regional cooperation in the Western Balkans. The research method is based on Desk research and includes the study of literature, analysis, and monitoring conducted by independent institutions and bodies on regional cooperation and integration and integration into the European Union. Membership in the European Union as a common goal of the Western Balkan countries has promoted the whole Region for economic, social progress, and regional stability. Greater economic cooperation between the countries of the Western Balkans could be one of the main sources of economic growth in the coming years. The methods of regional cooperation have been the subject of frequent criticism by the governments of individual countries, which considered them arbitrary and unrelated to their reality. The situation created after the Russian attack on Ukraine has made all countries, regions, and international structures re-evaluate the aspects of economic development, political, social, local, regional, and global security. \u0000  \u0000Received: 26 September 2022 / Accepted: 29 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133086876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Gaensel Energy Group's Nikel Storage Cells: Case Study","authors":"Eduart Ndokaj, Umberto LaGatta","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s220","url":null,"abstract":"Last January Gaensel Energy group acquired 30% of Protonstar, this acquisition allowed the further development of Nikel storage cells. The extraordinary property of this new generation of accumulators lies in the accumulation of energy and its releasing no longer depending upon electrochemical processes, but simply on the interaction at the metal lattice level, in this case the Nickel. To date, we are facing a third generation of accumulators, in fact from the Volta’s battery, called primary, the electrochemical cells called secondary, in use today, having the prerogative to be rechargeable. Any storage system currently used is based on three basic components showing electrochemical linkage, namely an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte. \u0000  \u0000Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132832758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Analyses of the Corrosion Process of a NI-Ti Shape Memory Alloy in Different Environment","authors":"Špiro Ivošević, Đ. Vaštag, N. Kovač","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s201","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate the corrosion process of Ni-Ti alloy obtained by the new continius casting method. As the corrosion rate of the material depends on the environment in which the material is located and the corrosion product that slows down the corrosion process over time, in this paper we analyze changes in the base material and the formed corrosion product. This changes were analysed in three different marine environments and at different time intervals of 6 and 12 months. Investigation on the base Ni-Ti alloy, were conducted on base of analyses of the corrosion depth in nm which was measured using the Focus Ion Beam (FIB) method. The linear model was used to calculate the values of corrosion rate during the time of exposure. On the other hand, the corrosion product of the alloy increased over time, resulting in the formation of a corrosive layer on the alloy surface depending on the environment to which it is exposed. The content of the corrosive product was considered using semi-quantitative energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and the percentage of oxygen in the corrosive product that appeared on the alloy in all environmental conditions after 6 and 12 months of exposure. As time is raning, corrosion rate is increasing same as percentage of oxygen in each of considered enviroment. Considering results it can be concluded that the formation of the corrosive layer in the sea has a dominant effect on the deceleration of the corrosion process of Ni-Ti alloy, comparing to the all of three considered enviroment. \u0000  \u0000Received: 11 September 2022 / Accepted: 19 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130150486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical-Experimental Aspects of Determining Concrete Strength","authors":"Indrit Vozga, V. Kasemi","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s206","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete strength is the property most valued by designers and quality control engineers. In rigid bodies, there is an inverse relationship between porosity (volume fraction of voids) and strength. Consequently, in multi-stage materials such as concrete, the porosity of each microstructure component can become limiting in durability. Natural aggregates are generally dense and strong; hence, it is the porosity of the hydrated cement paste and the interface transition zone between the matrix and the hard aggregate that usually determines the characteristic strength of normal weight concrete. Although the water-cement ratio is important in determining the porosity of the matrix composition and the interface transition zone and the strength of the concrete, factors such as compaction and curing conditions (degree of hydration of the cement), aggregate size and mineralogy, types of admixtures of mixtures, geometry and humidity conditions, types of stresses and load rate can have an impact on strength. In this paper will be explained in detail, the impact of several factors on the strength of concrete. While uniaxial compressive strength is generally accepted as the general concrete strength index, the relationships between compressive uniaxial strength and other strengths such as tensile, bending, shear, and biaxial strength are discussed. \u0000  \u0000Received: 27 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125386288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Territorial Reform and its Impact to Demographic Profile of New Municipalities in Albania","authors":"Godiva Rembeci","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s221","url":null,"abstract":"The territorial reform of 2014, according to which there is a new re -composition of municipalities does not imply changes in the population at the county level, but is accompanied by drastic changes of the population at the municipal level. Meanwhile the population at the national and regional level has declined, the population in the new administrative units has been increased and almost \"doubled\" in some cases due to the merger of the former municipalities with the rural areas. This situation unsurprisingly has brought the multiplication of problems related to the good management of natural, property and human resources of the new administrative local units. Demographic change is becoming a key challenges and affecting all countries and developing economies. Fertility rates are falling, the population is ageing, youth unemployment is a challenge and the complexity of urban-rural shrinkage is posing numerous challenges for industrial development, job creation and sustainable development agendas. Strategic solutions cannot be based on addressing one of these factors alone but need to take into account the interplay of these elements within a particular local area of development (urban or rural) (OECD, 2011a).Since demographic processes are complex in nature, the solutions to their problems naturally \"affect\" various aspects of economic and social life, such as the regional labor markets, spatial planning of the territory, the consumption model of goods and services, always in response to structural demographic changes of the population. The object of study of the article is the analysis of demographic changes of the population and their impact on the territory at the regional level as well as the evaluation of regional policies in response to these changes. Demographic statistics will be used as a source of information to analyze the demographic profile of the new municipalities and furthermore the differences between regions, raising the awareness of policymakers on the necessity of using demographic data in policy making of sustainable regional development. \u0000  \u0000Received: 22 September 2022 / Accepted: 24 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132350695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study and Monitoring of Driving Forces that Arise at the Contact Point Between the Wheel Border and the Rail during the Motion of the Rail Vehicle on a Curved Path of the Railway Line","authors":"Koçi Doraci, Erjon Selmani, Leonard Çomeni","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s207","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most acute problems faced today by Railway Transport Companies is the rapid wear of locomotive wheel borders in the freight transport. Hence, the purpose of this article is to find ways to reduce the forces acting on the wheels of railway vehicles, generally during their movement in small radius turns. For means of simplification has been assumed that the train is moving at uniform speed during a curved path. Analyzing the scheme of action of forces on the pair of wheels, we see that one of the ways to reduce this consumption phenomenon is to reduce the parasitic moment of frictional forces. With reference to the practice of roller-contact studies, we modeled mathematically the redistribution of frictional forces at the point of contact of the wheel – rail pair and realized two computer models for two variants of wheel profiles: conical and curved. \u0000  \u0000Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126973953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Anthropization of the Tirana-Durra Region Case Study: Former Durrës Swamp","authors":"Armela Reka","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s203","url":null,"abstract":"Anthroposizing is the transformation or adaptation of the environment to meet the needs of humans. This phenomenon in its most advanced stage in the territory recognizes the process of urbanization. The process of anthropization, which leads to urbanization, is mainly related to the alienation of land use. In the area of the former Swamp of Durrës, the change in land use has come gradually, leading to intensive urbanization. Some of the anthropizing processes that lead to urbanization are: covering the land with inert materials, fragmentation of habitats for different purposes, land occupation for future investment purposes. We are already in a transitional phase. The need to preserve this area is threatened by the effect of population growth, uncontrolled population movement and their activities. This prolonged anthropization process developed over 30 years has created strong environmental impacts in the area, translating once again the alienation of the land, the creasing of the land and different uses. All these alienations have caused the swamp to take on its characteristics such as: oversaturation with water and the creation of bogs. Anthropogenic activity is always increasing, causing \"urban surprises\" \u0000  \u0000Received: 10 September 2022 / Accepted: 21 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131025816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dacryocystorhinostomy With and Without Silicone Stent: Is There Any Significant Difference into the Outcomes?","authors":"A. Aga, Klaudia Stajka","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s219","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To compare the difference between the outcomes of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR) with and without silcone tube intubation (stent) for treatment of primary dacryocystitis and phlegmonus dacryocystitis. Method: A hospital based retrospective comparative study of 111 subjects operated for dacryocystitis between October 2014 to May 2021 were analyzed, of which 60 were with silicone stent and 51 were without silicone stent. Silicone tubes were kept in the lacrimal passages for 3 months. In this study we compare the surgery follow up from 3 to 6 months and the complication after each surgery. Surgery was defined as a functional success when there was no evidence of postoperative epiphora, purulent secretions, infection, granuloma, recurrence of dacryocystitis observed upon endonasal endoscopic evaluation. Results: A total of 111 consecutive endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy procedures performed at American Hospital 1 of Tirana between October 2014 and May 2021 were reviewed. Of the 111 patients with acute dacryocystitis, 60 (54.05%) were treated with silicone stent (group A) and 51 (45.94%) were treated without silicone stent (group B). 20 of 111 (18%) were diagnosed with phlegmonous dacryocystitis of wich 7 (11.67%) were part of group A and 13 (25.49%) were part of group B. On six months of surgery all the patients were followed up. Only 7 patients (11.66%) in the group A had complications such us purulent secretions (2 or 28.57%), infection (3 or 42.85%), epiphora (1 or 14.28%), granuloma (1 or 14.28%) and none in the group B had any of them. No complications were encountered in patients with phlegmonous dacryocystitis. Conclusion: Dacryocystorhinostomy with silicone tube intubation and without silicon tube intubation are two different procedures without any significant difference in the rate of success. In the light of differences in its complications this study supports the routine without silicone stent of acute dacryocystitis and phlegmonous dacryocystitis patients following En-DCR surgery, suggesting that stents are not necessary for primary DCRs. \u0000  \u0000Received: 26 September 2022 / Accepted: 27 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131542439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Italian Navy Shipwrecks as the Witnesses of Vlora Bay Strategic Position","authors":"Artur Meçollari","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s202","url":null,"abstract":"Bay of Vlora, a bay of 315 sq. km, is the resting area of 806 Italian sailors and soldiers. It is also the resting area of nine Italian warships which sank in WWI and WWII. It is the location of the only island of Albania, Sazan Island. As one of the most strategic locations, Vlora Bay and Sazan Island in the last 170 year have been under the control of different naval powers, mainly by Italy. Italy started to have a strategic interest in the Bay of Vlora after its unification in the mid-19th Century due to its ambition as a regional naval power. The underwater Italian fleet in Vlora Bay and surrounding area shows its importance to the Italian maritime strategy, during and between two world wars and later. More than 100 years ago, US Admiral Alfred T. Mahan wrote “the Sea line of communication determines the war at sea”. The geography isimportantto the sea lines of communication, especially chokepoints and safe bays,which are of constant importance throughout history. Otranto Channel is a very important chokepoint which controls the “Adriatic Highway”, Adriatic sea line of communication used by coastal states up to Central and Northern European Countries. Bay of Vlora geographically represents a big bay and all year one. Its importance is empowered by the fact that it’s located next to Otranto Channel and capable of safely hosting and rapidly deploying large naval forces up to the Central Mediterranean and points beyond. This paper, through historical perspective and underwater cultural heritage, aims to prove the importance of Vlora Bay and surrounding maritime area to the Italian Naval Strategy in two world wars periods and beyond. \u0000  \u0000Received: 19 September 2022 / Accepted: 29 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131979090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiotherapy Efficacy of Mulligan Technique in Subacromial Conflict: Literature Review","authors":"Selda Veizaj, Ariola Mena, Jonida Drizaj","doi":"10.56345/ijrdv9n4s217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s217","url":null,"abstract":"General Information: The subacromial conflict is a disorder of gleno-humeral joint that results from compression of soft tissue.The Mulligan concept based on the biomechanical and anatomical concepts of the human body. Purpose: Evaluation of the effectiveness of the MulliGan technique in subacromial conflict. Methodology: The study is Review (Literature Review) and was conducted in 6 electronic databases. Randomized type studies were included in our study. The tests used to assess subacromial conflict were: Visual Analog Scale; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; Short Form-36; Pressure pain threshold; Current pain severity; Numeric Rating Scale; Goniometer; Constant shoulder score. Results: From 65 studies found, only 6 include our study criteria. The study of Yanwu Wang, has the maximum scoring according to the Pedro scale, was evaluated with 10 points. Conclusions: The MulliGan technique resulted effective in treating subacromial conflict. \u0000  \u0000Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022","PeriodicalId":136623,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128621338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}