Innovations in clinical neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Genetic Disorders That Confer Risk for the Development of Psychosis and White Matter Hyperintensities on T2-weighted Imaging: A Practical Guide for Psychiatrists.","authors":"Mark A Colijn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A variety of diseases can cause both psychosis and myelin changes that manifest as white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Although many of the acquired conditions relevant to this discussion are widely recognized by psychiatrists and other physicians, a number of lesser-known rare genetic disorders also deserve consideration in this context. As such, this review sought to summarize the phenotypic features, brain imaging abnormalities, and approach to diagnosing the most common leukodystrophies and other genetic leukoencephalopathies that can cause psychosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a narrative review. The most common leukodystrophies that can cause both psychosis and white matter hyperintensities are first reviewed, followed by a variety of other rarer leukodystrophies and related genetic disorders. Suggestive clinical features, workup recommendations, and potential clinical implications are subsequently discussed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although the psychotic symptoms that occur in these disorders might phenomenologically resemble those typical of schizophrenia, the identification of any \"red flag\" neurological features, idiosyncratic medical comorbidities, additional brain imaging abnormalities, parental consanguinity, or a mendelian pattern of inheritance, should prompt consideration for an underlying genetic explanation. Making a correct diagnosis in this context is critical, given the numerous potential clinical implications, including with respect to treatment decisions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While psychiatrists are not expected to be experts in this area, at a minimum they should have a basic familiarity with the genetic disorders that are most likely to cause both psychosis and white matter hyperintensities, given the relatively frequent occurrence of this clinical scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":13635,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in clinical neuroscience","volume":"22 10-12","pages":"24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bias in Assessing Decision-making Capacity in Patients with Serious Mental Illness in Hospital Settings.","authors":"Alexandria Nasr, Larrilyn Grant, Jennifer Golida, Bailey N Hangen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decision-making capacity (DMC) is a core element of ethical and effective clinical care, ensuring that patients can understand, appreciate, reason through, and communicate informed choices about treatment. Accurate assessment of DMC is essential in psychiatric settings, where serious mental illness (SMI) may affect cognition, insight, or judgment, yet does not inherently imply incapacity. This paper examines how implicit, racial, and cognitive biases can influence DMC evaluations and contribute to disparities, particularly for Black and Hispanic patients with SMI. Diagnostic overshadowing, assumptions about insight, and misinterpretation of culturally influenced communication may lead to incorrect determinations of incapacity and undermine patient autonomy. Evidence indicates that while cognitive impairment is a significant contributor to reduced DMC, many individuals with SMI retain the ability to make reasoned treatment decisions. Standardized tools-such as the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool and related instruments-can improve reliability and mitigate subjective judgment, though current measures lack explicit integration of cultural and racial considerations. This paper highlights strategies to reduce bias in DMC assessments, including clinician education, development of culturally informed protocols, interdisciplinary decision-making, and expanded access to advocacy resources. These efforts support equitable, accurate, and ethically grounded evaluation of patient capacity across diverse clinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13635,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in clinical neuroscience","volume":"22 10-12","pages":"52-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a Pediatric Cognitive Assessment Tool to Advance Knowledge on Children's Cognitive Development, Health Risk Factors, and Health-promoting Interventions in Sub-Saharan Regions.","authors":"Franco Di Cesare, Cristiana Di Carlo, Leonardo Di Cesare","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive Assessment Tool for Pediatric Clinical Research (CAT-PCR) is a new brief nonverbal test battery validated in a Zambian school-aged population. CAT-PCR involves the standardized administration of two tests, WAVES and SYMBOLS. CAT-PCR provides measures of visuomotor processing (VMP) and visuographomotor constructional processing (VGCP). The psychometric properties of CAT-PCR were evaluated in a field trial complemented with an ancillary test-retest study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four-hundred-twenty children, aged 5 to 17 years, 51.2 percent female, speaking Bemba (81.1%), English (72.6 %), Nyanja (22.8%), Tonga (1.9%), and Lozi (1.2%), were recruited at multiple Zambian clinical sites and schools. Children able to speak one, two, and three or more languages composed 23.5, 10.0, and 66.5 percent of participants, respectively. CAT-PCR detected differences in cognitive performance between two comparable subgroups of children with or without conditions associated with increased risk for cognitive impairment. The poorer health group composition reflected a spectrum of conditions such as chronic neurologic or medical diseases (ie, epilepsy, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [HIV/AIDS], recurrent malaria, sickle cell disease, and other cardiac and metabolic conditions) or prolonged exposure to psychosocial stress and deprivation. The reliability was satisfactory. The intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) at test-retest at 48 hours (n=86) was 0.85 (0.78, 0.91) for VGCP Index and 0.84 (0.76, 0.90) for VMP Index.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Study findings support the reliability, validity, and utility of CAT-PCR measures in evaluating the effect of health-related risks on the child's cognitive functioning and development. Further research should address the validity of CAT-PCR in response prediction, monitoring, and evaluation of health-promoting interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13635,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in clinical neuroscience","volume":"22 10-12","pages":"33-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selected Abstracts from CNS Summit 2025.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13635,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in clinical neuroscience","volume":"22 10-12","pages":"78-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12974576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147432650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation, Translation, and Validation of the Perceived Parenting Style Scale in Pakistan Using ITC Protocol.","authors":"Anam Shahid, Alia Asmat, Sunny Singh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parenting is the fundamental parent-child relationship process that impacts their lives. To better understand how adolescents perceive their parents' attitudes and behaviors, it is important to adapt, translate, and validate the perceived parenting style questionnaire in Pakistani culture. Therefore, the study was carried out by using International Test Commission (ITC) protocols. In initial steps, forward and backward translation was carried out, and language equivalence was tested on a sample of 30 bilingual participants. In the final stages, reliability analysis was carried out and followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Furthermore, construct validity was estimated through a structural equation model (SEM). The process comprised a convenient sampling technique to approach a sample size of 456 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from nine districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The results of the item correlation showed a highly significant connection between the items of the Perceived Parenting Style Scale (PPSS). Cronbach's alpha index was significantly high (<i>r</i>=0.93). According to CFA, the model fits accurately, as all values are approximately equivalent to the model's ideal values. Moreover, PPSQ showed sound psychometric properties and emerged as a reliable and valid tool for measuring perceived parenting styles.</p>","PeriodicalId":13635,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in clinical neuroscience","volume":"22 10-12","pages":"72-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to \"A First Seizure After 2,000mg Fluoxetine May or May Not be Due to Intoxication\".","authors":"Danya Ansari, Mahnoor Waqar, Sadiq Naveed","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13635,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in clinical neuroscience","volume":"22 7-9","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12724965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145827751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Management: I've Been Sued, Now What! Part 3: Litigation Process-Jury Selection, Opening Statement, and Calling Witnesses.","authors":"Akemini Kem Isang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This ongoing column is dedicated to providing information to our readers on managing legal risks associated with medical practice. We invite questions from our readers. The answers are provided by PRMS (www.prms.com), a manager of medical professional liability insurance programs with services that include risk management consultation and other resources offered to health care providers to help improve patient outcomes and reduce professional liability risk. The answers published in this column represent those of only one risk management consulting company. Other risk management consulting companies or insurance carriers might provide different advice, and readers should take this into consideration. The information in this column does not constitute legal advice. For legal advice, contact your personal attorney. <b>Note:</b> The information and recommendations in this article are applicable to physicians and other healthcare professionals so \"clinician\" is used to indicate all treatment team members.</p>","PeriodicalId":13635,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in clinical neuroscience","volume":"22 7-9","pages":"42-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12724969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145827769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Report of Early-onset Psychosis Occurring in the Context of a Perinatal Stroke History.","authors":"Mark A Colijn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13635,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in clinical neuroscience","volume":"22 7-9","pages":"11-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12724968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145827715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnout and Ethical Awareness in Mental Health Professionals: A Correlational Study.","authors":"Muqadas Fatima, Uzma Ilyas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to measure levels of ethical awareness and burnout among mental health professionals, while also investigating the relationship between age, ethical awareness, and burnout. Additionally, the study aimed to compare the exhaustion level between mental health professionals working in public and private sectors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A correlational study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan. Data was collected using the Santa Clara Ethics Scale and the Counselor's Burnout Inventory from 319 mental health professionals with at least two years of experience. The analysis of the collected data was carried out using SPSS version 23.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean±standard deviation levels of ethical awareness and burnout were found to be 31.4±4.46 and 48.4±13.91, respectively. Ethical awareness was positively correlated with age and negatively correlated with dimensions of burnout (exhaustion, incompetence, negative work environment, devaluing clients, and personal life deterioration) and overall burnout. There were significant positive correlations among these burnout factors. Furthermore, mental health professionals in the public sector exhibited significantly higher levels of exhaustion than those working in private sector.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the significant association between age, ethical awareness, and burnout in mental health professionals and urges tailored interventions that enhance the ability to make ethical decisions while minimizing the risk of burnout, especially among early-career mental health professionals and professionals working in the public sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":13635,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in clinical neuroscience","volume":"22 7-9","pages":"24-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12724967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145827723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helping Exceptionally Sensitive Patients See Their Sensitivity as a Gift.","authors":"Edmund G Howe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A small proportion of people are exceptionally sensitive to slights from others, and they might then heap shame upon themselves and even consider suicide. Often, however, these patients might also have a \"gift\" that their sensitivity to feelings concurrently provides them. They might be especially able to accurately infer the more subtle, underlying feelings of others and with this capacity connect with them in ways that most other persons cannot. However, these individuals might have no idea that their sensitivity is the strength that it is. They might regard their sensitivity as only a liability. Viewing this trait as an asset can change how they see themselves and, therefore, their quality of life. This article will address how therapists can reduce these patients' sense of liability and enhance their ability to make maximal use of their sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13635,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in clinical neuroscience","volume":"22 7-9","pages":"28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12724962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145827763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}