Journal of ISAS最新文献

{"title":"Metallic Bhasmas: A Review on Chemical Characterization, Particle Size and Toxicity","authors":"A. Garg, A. Kumar","doi":"10.59143/isas.jisas.2.1.txby3589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59143/isas.jisas.2.1.txby3589","url":null,"abstract":"Bhasmas are unique metallic-herbal preparations of Indian origin, widely recommended for the treatment of chronic ailments. These intriguing formulations of metals are associated with organic macromolecules derived from the medicinal herbs. Bhasmas are often prepared by repeated incineration of metals with herbs and its extracts by alchemic processes and are taken along with honey, milk, butter, or ghee. Besides primary constituent of metals, bhasmas also contain other metals as minor constituent or in traces. Commercially available seventeen bhasmas based on Ca, Fe, Zn, Hg, Cu, As, Ag and Sn were characterized by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for up to 20 elements. The technique involves irradiation of the sample with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor followed by assay of gamma activity by high-resolution gamma ray spectrometry. Concentrations of major, minor, and trace elements vary in a wide range even in bhasmas of the same primary element depending on its preparation method. C, H, and S were also found in significant amounts suggesting the possible presence of organic macromolecules that may act as ligands. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies have shown that the bhasmas as available in the market are not really nano particles contrary to claims of some literature reports. Westerners think bhasmas to be highly toxic especially those of As, Hg, and Pb, highly toxic elements. Still bhaasms of these elements are widely recommended. Clinical evidences suggest that the bhasmas taken in small doses are highly beneficial to the body system and do not cause any adverse effects. It is essential to follow quality control in the preparation of bhasmas. A review of our earlier work is also presented.","PeriodicalId":136251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ISAS","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116091363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of Activated Carbon by Gamma Radiation- Removal of Acetic Acid","authors":"S. Pandit","doi":"10.59143/isas.jisas.2.1.ilnl2965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59143/isas.jisas.2.1.ilnl2965","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper deals with the removal of acetic acid using modified Norit Activated Carbon (NAC). Surface properties of NAC were modified by irradiating the sample with gamma radiations from Co-60 Source. Batch adsorption method was used to study removal of acetic acid by adsorption. Characterization differences in the Irradiated and Non-irradiated NAC surface were confirmed by different analytical techniques viz. FTIR, XRD, SEM, BET and EDX. Adsorption equilibrium study shows consistently higher capacities in irradiated adsorbent compared to the non-irradiated adsorbent for adsorption of acetic acid. The results show that the adsorption capacity of irradiated Norit activated carbon increases with increase in the amount of irradiation dose.","PeriodicalId":136251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ISAS","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133921192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Applications of Some Organic Copolymers Derived From Phenolic and Nitrogen-Containing Compounds- A Review","authors":"K. Nandekar","doi":"10.59143/isas.jisas.2.1.kdqi5413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59143/isas.jisas.2.1.kdqi5413","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of organic copolymers have been synthesized from phenolic compounds like p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-Hydroxyacetophenone, and also from nitrogen- containing compound like anthranilic acid, aniline, urea, biurate. These copolymers have been studied for various properties like thermal behavior, kinetic parameters, antimicrobial screening, ion-exchange study, polymer composites, photoluminiscence etc. Kinetic parameters of the copolymers derived from phenolic and nitrogen-containing compounds have been studied using Freeman-Carroll (FC) and Sharp-Wentworth (SW). Based on TGA, thermal stability and decomposition temperature have been studied for the copolymers and composites. Higher thermal stability for copolymer composites has been found as compared to the copolymer because the composite has a high activation energy and more residue left out at the end of the decomposition process. The metal ion uptake capacity of the copolymer have been studied by using the batch equilibrium method and is useful for wastewater treatment. The antimicrobial activity of the copolymers have been studied using the agar diffusion method. Polymer composites have been made from copolymers using an ultra-sonication process and exhibit excellent properties in metal ion uptake for wastewater treatment. The present review paper involves the study of novel applications of the copolymer resins derived from phenolic compound and nitrogen-containing compound.","PeriodicalId":136251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ISAS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129001502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-extract-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Macaranga Indica bark extract for antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity","authors":"G. Hegde, S. Yallappa, T. Khadre, S. Joseph, J. Manjanna","doi":"10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.kjeu8380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.kjeu8380","url":null,"abstract":"A rapid and environment-friendly green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Macaranga Indica (M. Indica) plant extracts was explored in this study. The obtained AgNPs were characterized by UV–Vis, XRD, FTIR, and SEM for antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities. The typical surface plasmon resonance peak around 440 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The particles were found to be very tiny in the range of 15–20 nm size and showed fcc crystal symmetry. The FT-IR study showed the presence of bio-molecules on the surface of AgNPs and acting as capping agents. The in vitro antibacterial screen of AgNPs showed the bio-capped AgNPs have a higher inhibitory action for E. coli and S. aureus followed by C.albicans. The degradation property of the AgNPs towards Rhodamine B (RhB)under different conditions revealed that the degradation efficiency of phytochemicals-coatedAgNPs on RhB was found to be high and around 88.8% within 70 min","PeriodicalId":136251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ISAS","volume":"468 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124493994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"John - Sivanandan Achari Isotherm Method for the Determination of Surface Area of Porous Materials: Analysis of Granular Activated Carbons","authors":"R. Lopez, V. Achari","doi":"10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.hasw3997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.hasw3997","url":null,"abstract":"John –Sivanandan Achari isotherm equationlog log Ce= C+n log qe,has many advantages for the structural characterization of porous materials. Linear plot of log logCe versus log qe conform to a straight line and subsequent extrapolation of amount adsorbed (qe), to the xaxis. This way one can directly determine the monolayerqm(J-SA) and hence the specific surface area (SA m2 /g) of the material.This can be analytically proved by applying the method in any type of solid-liquid equilibrium adsorption data. In this study, adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye molecules on modified granular activated carbon (GAC) has been attempted to determine the porosity, and surface area by the new method. The solids are GAC 383 (native carbon- coconut shell based), GACO383 (native carbon oxidized) and a new carbon (GACOLaO1273). This carbon is prepared in the laboratory by steam activation after incorporating GAC383with Lanthanum(La 3+) ions. Carbons are tested in batch reactors with fixed MB concentrations by adsorptive techniques. The isotherm model behavior of the carbons are hereby reported using John - Sivanandan Achari isotherm (J-SA) equation using specific adsorption data. Porous material category as IUPAC type, constants and parameters are further evaluated with Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin - Radushkevich isotherms. It is seen that the isotherm followed the features of micro porous materials on using John – Sivanandan Achari (J-SA) isotherm. Porosity and surface area determined are found to give agreeing results on comparing with other isotherm models. This research is intended to highlight the significance of John and John-Sivanandan Achari (J-SA) isotherms as a tool for material characterization studies- a model originated as Indian analytical scientific skill.","PeriodicalId":136251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ISAS","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116621751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Spectral Interference of Zirconium On Some Critical Analytes By CCD Based Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission Spectrometric Technique","authors":"V. Adya","doi":"10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.hktw9530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.hktw9530","url":null,"abstract":"Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is multi elemental, rapid, simple technique for the determination of trace level analytes, but suffers from spectral interference of matrix elements like U, Pu, Zr, Th etc. originating from their line rich emission spectra causing detrimental effect on the determination of analyte elements at trace levels in the nuclear materials. This can be overcome by using carrier distillation technique wherein carrier selectively distills analytes into D.C. arc-AES leaving behind the matrix into the electrode crater, being physical separation of the matrix. This technique is generally used to determine common metallic elements. For the determination of rare earth elements being refractory in nature like U, Th, etc. at sub-ppm levels, carrier distillation technique cannot be used. Hence, chemical separation of the matrix followed by their determination by AES technique is the usual practice, which may involve contamination of the sample during pre treatment. Charged Coupled Detector (CCD) with flexibility of the choices of additional analytical lines of analytes, e.g., for Ce, 413.38 nm, 413.765 nm, 418.66 nm and 448.691 nm lines were selected and studied which may have lesser interference from Zr, facilitating direct determination of analytes at trace levels without any type of separation. Present paper involves the detailed study of spectral interference of zirconium on different analytical lines of Ba, Bi, Ce, Er, La, Lu, Mo, Nd, Pr, Sb, Sc, Ti, Tl, U, W, Y, Yb to select suitable analytical lines based on contributions of Zr on each analytical line, detection limits and sensitivity. Zirconium being major matrix, it’s determination by ICP-AES was performed by identifying four suitable analytical lines, namely, 339.198 nm, 343.823 nm, 257.139 nm and 272.262 nm including monitoring of sensitivity, detection limits etc. Based on these interference studies, it is possible to determine 17 analytes under investigations in Zr matrix on ppm basis by ICP AES using their appropriate analytical lines without any chemical/physical separation.","PeriodicalId":136251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ISAS","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124177085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Bio-medical applications of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles","authors":"M. Bora","doi":"10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.cowe4565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.cowe4565","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, pronounced consideration has been dedicated to the amalgamation of several magnetic nanoparticles because of their widespread smart and encouraging biological solicitations. The magnetic IONPs, magnetite (Fe3O4 DQG PDJKHPLWH Ȗ-Fe2O3) have shown some remarkable applications in nanomedicines, diagnosis tools, and pharmaceuticals. Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IOMNPs) have been explored for an extensive collection of biomedical and healthcare solicitations built on their surface properties, biocompatibility, and exceptionally, great magnetic susceptibility. In this logic, the magnetic properties of IOMNPs permit their usage in numerous biomedical applications, such as targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, magnetic tissue engineering, MRI contrast agents, in vitro magnetic bio separation, bio-analysis, magnetic transducers, and theranostic platforms. The functionalized hybrid IOMNPs have also been utilized against fungal infections and numerous pathogenic strains of microorganisms. Iron oxides play a significant role in the field of bio-catalysis, nanotechnology, and bio-medicines; therefore they are the main focus of this review. Keeping in mind the state-of-the-art, this review is intended to report the latest information about IOMNPs from methods of synthesis to modern bio-medical applications. Moreover, in-vivo and in-vitro uses of IOMNPs have conversed in detail. The challenges and restrictions in the biological usage of IOMNPs are also highlighted. This review based on IOMNPs will deliver a convincing vision for the investigators in nano-biotechnology and pharmacy","PeriodicalId":136251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ISAS","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127677368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-Ray Diffraction in Mineralogical Research","authors":"Y. Singh","doi":"10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.kdvw9501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.kdvw9501","url":null,"abstract":"A brief account of role of X-ray diffraction (XRD) in mineralogical research with special reference to radioactive and atomic minerals is given. Aspects of research methodology such as sample preparation, analysis time, limitations, search match methods for identification, and complimentary techniques are also given. The most common applications of XRD in mineralogical researches related to radioactive/atomic minerals include identification of primary and secondary uranium and associated ore and gangue minerals, determination of the oxidation grade of uraninites, identification of Th, Nb, Ta, Sn, Be, Li, Zr, Hf, Ti, rare-earth elements (REE) minerals, investigations on degree of structural disordering in Nb-Ta minerals, X-ray crystallographic and substitutional solid solution studies, clay minerals, triclinicity of K-feldspar, metamict minerals and influence of the degree of metamictisation on uranium beneficiation, characterisation of leached residue, beneficiated, heat-treated products, metallurgical slags and other mineralogical studies. The results of mineralogical research are used for elucidating physicochemical conditions and geologic processes that prevailed during mineral formation","PeriodicalId":136251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ISAS","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115971757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution-Processed Nanostructured CdS Thin Film with Improved Optoelectronic Properties","authors":"Ravi Mudike, S. Dhage, P. Shivaramu, D. Rangappa","doi":"10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.kdjf7931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.kdjf7931","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured CdS thin films are essential for efficient electron transport and they act as an ideal buffer layer in CIGS/CZTS/CdTe thin-film solar cells. Herein, low-temperature processed CdS nanostructured thin film on a glass substrate by chemical bath deposition for its application in optoelectronic devices is reported. As synthesized, CdS nanostructured thin films are exhibited polycrystalline, confirmed using X-ray diffraction/transmission electron microscopy. Further, polycrystalline (hexagon/cubic) nature reconfirmed by Raman band at 305 cm-1 of as-grown films. The surface morphology and EDS of CdS thin films reveal uniformity on the surface with non-cuboid nanoparticles and nearly stoichiometric. The optical band gap of CdS nanostructured thin films was found to be 2.3 eV, properties indicating its suitability as a buffer layer in CIGS/CZTS thin-film solar cells.","PeriodicalId":136251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ISAS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129687767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-accessibility of Pre-synthesized Abhrak, Naga and Tamra Bhasma","authors":"S. Kantak, N. Rajurkar","doi":"10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.orpo1427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59143/isas.jisas.1.4.orpo1427","url":null,"abstract":"Ayurvedic bhasmas play an important role in ayurvedic medicines and are useful in the treatment of various diseases. Pharmacokinetic studies involving estimation of bio accessibility of bhasma will be useful in prescribing proper dosage of bhasma. Present paper deals with bio-accessibility of Abhraka, Naga and Tamra Bhasmas which were synthesized in our laboratory. It is revealed that the bio-accessibility of elements viz. K, Ca, Al, Fe, Na and Si in abhraka bhasma is more in gastric digestion than in gastro-intestinal digestion. Bio accessibility of lead was found to be more in gastric digestion than gastro-intestinal digestion in Naga bhasma prepared by pisti and putapaka method while in bhasma prepared by jarana method it is more in gastro-intestinal digestion. In case of Tamra bhasma, bio-accessibility of copper is more in Gastro-intestinal digestion and it is further enhanced with anupana process, especially using ghee.","PeriodicalId":136251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ISAS","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134338028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}