Tiziano Barbui, Ayalew Tefferi, Alessandro M Vannucchi
{"title":"The dosage of ropeginterferon in polycythaemia vera: Balancing efficacy, safety and pharmacoeconomics across risk categories.","authors":"Tiziano Barbui, Ayalew Tefferi, Alessandro M Vannucchi","doi":"10.1111/bjh.19996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.19996","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Haematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A phase II study of zandelisib in patients with relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma: ME-401-K02 study.","authors":"Wataru Munakata, Takahiro Kumode, Hideki Goto, Noriko Fukuhara, Tatsu Shimoyama, Masahiro Takeuchi, Toshiro Kawakita, Kohmei Kubo, Masashi Sawa, Toshiki Uchida, Yuko Mishima, Michiko Ichii, Miyoko Hanaya, Asuka Matsumoto, Masaaki Kuriki, Toshihiro Seike, Koji Izutsu, Kenichi Ishizawa","doi":"10.1111/bjh.19994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.19994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zandelisib, a selective, potent PI3Kδ inhibitor, demonstrated favourable outcomes in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma in a global phase II study. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of zandelisib for relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma or marginal zone lymphoma. Sixty-one patients received zandelisib orally at 60 mg daily continuously in the first two 28-day cycles, followed by intermittent dosing on Days 1-7 following each cycle until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. Objective and complete response rates were 75.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 62.7%-85.5%) and 24.6% (95% CI, 14.5%-37.3%) respectively. Median time to response was 58 days; 70.5% (43/61) of patients achieved their first response by Week 8. At least one Grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) occurred in 55.7% of patients: transaminase elevation (8.2%); cutaneous reactions (3.3%); and diarrhoea, enterocolitis and lung infection (1.6% each), defined as adverse events of special interest. The discontinuation rate due to any TEAE was 14.8%. No zandelisib-related death occurred. Zandelisib showed favourable efficacy and tolerability in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. This unique dosing schedule may maintain efficacy while mitigating the safety issues observed with other PI3Kδ inhibitors (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04533581).</p>","PeriodicalId":135,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Haematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanesa-Sindi Ivanova, Thomas Menter, Ningxuan Cui, Peter Leary, Carl Zinner, Jörg P Halter, Frank Stenner, Stefan Dirnhofer, Anne Müller, Alexandar Tzankov
{"title":"Distinct subtypes of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: CHIP-like mutations in early lesions and substantial mutational differences between EBV-positive and EBV-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.","authors":"Vanesa-Sindi Ivanova, Thomas Menter, Ningxuan Cui, Peter Leary, Carl Zinner, Jörg P Halter, Frank Stenner, Stefan Dirnhofer, Anne Müller, Alexandar Tzankov","doi":"10.1111/bjh.19952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.19952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) and lymphomas in immunocompromised individuals represent significant clinical challenges, with a limited understanding of their pathogenesis. We investigated a PTLD cohort (n = 50) consisting of 'early lesions' (infectious mononucleosis-like PTLD, plasmacytic and follicular hyperplasias), polymorphic PTLD and post-transplant diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (PT-DLBCL). The study also included 15 DLBCL with autoimmune/immunocompromised backgrounds (IS-DLBCL) and 14 DLBCL, not otherwise specified (DLBCL, NOS), as control. To investigate microarchitectural and genetic changes, immunohistochemistry, multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF), fluorescence in situ hybridisation and high-throughput sequencing were performed. Scarcity of viral infections other than Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was observed. mIF revealed lower Treg infiltration in PT-DLBCL and high CD8<sup>+</sup>/PD1<sup>+</sup> T cells in IS-DLBCL. MYC rearrangements were most common in PT-DLBCL, followed by IS-DLBCL and DLBCL, NOS, all EBV-negative. TP53 mutations were frequent in EBV-negative PT-DLBCL and DLBCL, NOS but absent in 'early lesions'. NOTCH1 mutations were predominant in PT-DLBCL (N1 DLBCL-subgroup). Gene expression profiling showed a significant overlap between 'early lesions' and polymorphic PTLD. The presence of clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP)-like mutations and the absence of immune-escape gene mutations in 'early lesions' suggest these disorders may represent clonal expansions driven by exogenic immunosuppression and/or EBV infection 'substituting' for mutations of the latter group of genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":135,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Haematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer Pinney, Candice Roufosse, Andreas Kousios, Aristeidis Chaidos, Julian D Gillmore, Francesco Rainone, Satarupa Choudhuri, Karthik Ramasamy, Sarah Blakey, John Ashcroft, Y L Tracey Chan, Paul Cockwell, Guy Pratt
{"title":"Diagnosis and management of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: A British Society for Haematology good practice paper.","authors":"Jennifer Pinney, Candice Roufosse, Andreas Kousios, Aristeidis Chaidos, Julian D Gillmore, Francesco Rainone, Satarupa Choudhuri, Karthik Ramasamy, Sarah Blakey, John Ashcroft, Y L Tracey Chan, Paul Cockwell, Guy Pratt","doi":"10.1111/bjh.19956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.19956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This guideline provides consensus opinion on the investigations required for people presenting with suspected monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance to both nephrology and haematology physicians. The guideline discusses the principles of treating a patient with MGRS and provides recommendations for both supportive management and haematological therapy. It details the recommended on-going monitoring required for both specialty areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":135,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Haematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lamya Garabet, Anbjørg Rangberg, Anna Maria Eriksson, Christine Monceyron Jonassen, Raul Teruel-Montoya, Maria Luisa Lozano, Constantino Martinez, Heidi Hassel Pettersen, Åse-Berit Mathisen, Eirik Tjønnfjord, Hoa Tran, Ellen Brodin, Galina Tsykunova, Johanna Gebhart, James Bussel, Waleed Ghanima
{"title":"MicroRNA-199a-5p may be a diagnostic biomarker of primary ITP.","authors":"Lamya Garabet, Anbjørg Rangberg, Anna Maria Eriksson, Christine Monceyron Jonassen, Raul Teruel-Montoya, Maria Luisa Lozano, Constantino Martinez, Heidi Hassel Pettersen, Åse-Berit Mathisen, Eirik Tjønnfjord, Hoa Tran, Ellen Brodin, Galina Tsykunova, Johanna Gebhart, James Bussel, Waleed Ghanima","doi":"10.1111/bjh.19987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.19987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is no diagnostic test for primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Certain microRNAs have shown to have diagnostic potential in ITP. We validated 12 microRNAs identified from two previous studies to find a diagnostic biomarker. The study included two ITP cohorts (n = 61) and healthy controls (n = 28). The first ITP cohort involved 24 patients from the Prolong study, patients with newly diagnosed/persistent ITP (<1 year) treated with corticosteroids ± IVIG but relapsed/failed to respond. The second cohort comprised 37 patients from ITP biobank, Østfold Hospital, Norway, patients had different disease stages and therapies. Twelve microRNAs were measured: miR-199a-5p, miR-33a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-144-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-222-3p, miR-374b-5p, miR-486-5p, miR-1341-5p, miR-766-3p and miR-409-3p. miR-199a-5p, miR-33a-5p, miR-374b-5p, miR-146a-5p and miR-409-3p were expressed differentially in the entire ITP cohort compared to controls; of those only miR-199a-5p showed good discriminative ability between ITP and controls with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.718 (95% CI: 0.599-0.836). In the Prolong cohort (ITP < 1 year), miR-199a-5p and miR-374b-5p showed very good discriminative ability between ITP and controls with AUC of 0.824 (0.708-0.940) and 0.806 (0.688-0.924) respectively. This study confirmed that miR-199a-5p has good discriminative ability between primary ITP and healthy controls, thus may be a diagnostic biomarker of ITP.</p>","PeriodicalId":135,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Haematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesca Perutelli, Elia Boccellato, Maria Chiara Montalbano, Gioacchino Catania, Marina Deodato, Anna Maria Frustaci, Idanna Innocenti, Riccardo Moia, Francesca Maria Quaglia, Giulia Quaresmini, Paolo Rivela, Gianluca Gaidano, Mauro Krampera, Luca Laurenti, Alessandro Rambaldi, Benedetto Bruno, Candida Vitale, Marta Coscia
{"title":"Venetoclax therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients relapsed after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.","authors":"Francesca Perutelli, Elia Boccellato, Maria Chiara Montalbano, Gioacchino Catania, Marina Deodato, Anna Maria Frustaci, Idanna Innocenti, Riccardo Moia, Francesca Maria Quaglia, Giulia Quaresmini, Paolo Rivela, Gianluca Gaidano, Mauro Krampera, Luca Laurenti, Alessandro Rambaldi, Benedetto Bruno, Candida Vitale, Marta Coscia","doi":"10.1111/bjh.19976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.19976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) remains an option for young and fit chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients with high-risk disease features. However, allotransplanted patients are generally excluded from clinical trials, making data regarding the use of venetoclax after alloHSCT extremely rare. We report data from 7 CLL patients who received venetoclax after alloHSCT among 53 Italian centers. These patients underwent alloHSCT between 2006 and 2021 after failing chemoimmunotherapy (7/7), ibrutinib (5/7) and/or idelalisib (1/7). Of note, 3/7 patients had already received venetoclax-based therapy before alloHSCT. Post-allo HSCT venetoclax treatment resulted safe, with adverse events not different from what reported in clinical trials. Importantly, no meaningful impact on graft versus host disease (GvHD) course was observed: 4/7 patients with pre-existing chronic GvHD had no exacerbation after venetoclax start, and only one patient developed GvHD during venetoclax therapy, that was managed as per standard clinical practice. Concerning efficacy, 5/7 patients presented a clinical response to venetoclax, with two patients achieving an undetectable minimal residual disease. To our knowledge, this is the largest reported series of CLL patients treated with venetoclax after alloHSCT. In these heavily pretreated and high-risk patients, previous alloHSCT did not compromise the feasibility of venetoclax therapy, that lacked unexpected toxicities and did not exacerbate GvHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":135,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Haematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of avatrombopag in Chinese children with primary immune thrombocytopenia: A real-world observational study.","authors":"Nan Wang, Zhifa Wang, Jingjing Liu, Yu Hu, Shuyue Dong, Hui Chen, Jinxi Meng, Jingyao Ma, Zhenping Chen, Xiaoling Cheng, Runhui Wu","doi":"10.1111/bjh.19973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.19973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avatrombopag is a newly approved thrombopoietin receptor agonist for second-line treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in adults. Our previous study showed its efficacy and safety in a small sample of paediatric ITP patients. However, large samples and long-term data are still lacking. Children diagnosed with ITP and treated with avatrombopag for at least 4 weeks were enrolled. In 94 ITP patients with a median age of 7.43 (interquartile range (IQR), 4.82, 10.80) years, the median effective dose was 10 (IQR, 10, 20) mg for children under 6 years old and 20 (IQR, 20, 40) mg for children under 18 years old. The overall response was achieved in 72.3% (68/94) and 73.4% (58/79) of patients within 4 weeks and 12 weeks. The sustained response at 24 weeks and 48 weeks were 62.3% (33/53) and 51.6% (16/31) respectively. The occurrence of bleeding events, rescue therapy and concomitant ITP medication decreased during the follow-up period. For safety, thrombocytosis (platelet count ≥400 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L) was the most frequent adverse event (AE) observed in 44 children 97 times. Long-term treatment with avatrombopag in ITP children showed a rapid and sustained platelet response and good bleeding control without significant or new AEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":135,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Haematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Pascual-Izquierdo, Mª Jose Llacer-Ferrandis, Almudena de-la-Iglesia, Silvia Monsalvo-Saornil, María Menor-Gómez, Juan Jose Gil-Fernández, Esther Chica-Gullon, María Teresa Álvarez-Román, Gloria Perez-Segura, Denis Zafra, Ariana Ortuzar-Pasalodos, Isabel Teresa González-Gascón-Y-Marín, Gemma Moreno, Teresa Arquero-Portero, Marta Moreno-Carbonell, Nuria Revilla
{"title":"Avatrombopag in adults with immune thrombocytopenia: A multicentre real-life observational study in Madrid, Spain (AVAMAD study).","authors":"Cristina Pascual-Izquierdo, Mª Jose Llacer-Ferrandis, Almudena de-la-Iglesia, Silvia Monsalvo-Saornil, María Menor-Gómez, Juan Jose Gil-Fernández, Esther Chica-Gullon, María Teresa Álvarez-Román, Gloria Perez-Segura, Denis Zafra, Ariana Ortuzar-Pasalodos, Isabel Teresa González-Gascón-Y-Marín, Gemma Moreno, Teresa Arquero-Portero, Marta Moreno-Carbonell, Nuria Revilla","doi":"10.1111/bjh.19975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.19975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare acquired disorder where thrombopoietin-receptor agonists have become mainstays of ITP treatment. With the recent approval of avatrombopag (AVA), real-world studies are essential to evaluate its efficacy and safety. Our study of 66 adult ITP patients treated with AVA showed a high response rate. After starting AVA, 74.2% did not require rescue medications, with minimal adverse effects. Additionally, 56.0% of patients reduced other ITP medications, and all patients aged ≥65 years responded to AVA. Results should be confirmed in larger studies, but AVA appears to be an effective and safe treatment for ITP patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":135,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Haematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Should adolescents and young adults with Hodgkin lymphoma be treated as children or adults?","authors":"Lucille Lew-Derivry, Florian Chevillon, Pauline Brice, Camille Bigenwald, Judith Landman-Parker, Thierry Leblanc, Nicolas Boissel, Aurélie Cabannes-Hamy","doi":"10.1111/bjh.19985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.19985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most common cancers in adolescents and young adults (AYA). Paediatric and adult therapeutic strategies diverge while sharing the common objective: maintaining optimal efficacy with less long-term toxicity. However, few studies have compared the outcome of AYA treated according to one or the other approaches. Among the 148 patients aged 15-25 years, treated at Saint-Louis Hospital for newly diagnosed HL between 2012 and 2018, 71 were treated according to an adult protocol and 77 were treated according to a paediatric one. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were, respectively, 100% and 85%, with no significant difference between treatment groups (85% in paediatric vs. 86% in adult, p = 0.7). Overall, the 5-year PFS was 100% for early favourable stages and 78% for advanced stages. A higher risk of short-term steroid and vincristine-related toxicities was observed in paediatric regimen, whereas a higher risk of late toxicities was expected in adult regimen, due to higher anthracyclines, procarbazine, bleomycin and radiotherapy exposure. These results confirm the excellent outcome of AYA patients with HL, whatever the treatment strategies. They justify a tailor-made therapeutic decision and highlight the importance of managing AYA patients in dedicated units with trained professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":135,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Haematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iberdomide, ixazomib and dexamethasone in elderly patients with multiple myeloma at first relapse.","authors":"Cyrille Touzeau, Xavier Leleu, Mourad Tiab, Margaret Macro, Aurore Perrot, Julie Gay, Carine Chateleix, Stéphane Moreau, Lionel Karlin, Caroline Jacquet, Salomon Manier, Cyrille Hulin, Olivier Decaux, Valentine Richez, Thomas Chalopin, Mohamad Mohty, Frédérique Orsini-Piocelle, Denis Caillot, Cécile Sonntag, Marguerite Vignon, Arthur Bobin, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Alexandra Jobert, Lucie Planche, Jill Corre, Philippe Moreau","doi":"10.1111/bjh.19978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.19978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most transplant-ineligible patients present with multiple myeloma (MM) refractory to lenalidomide and/or anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody at first relapse and represent a difficult-to-treat population. The Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome phase 2 study iberdomide, ixazomib and dexamethasone (I2D) evaluated the oral triplet iberdomide, ixazomib and dexamethasone in MM patients aged ≥70 years at first relapse (NCT04998786). Seventy patients were enrolled to receive iberdomide (1.6 mg on day 1-21), ixazomib (3 mg on day 1, 8, 15) and dexamethasone (20 mg on day 1, 8, 15, 22 on cycle 1-2 and 10 mg on day 1, 8, 15, 22 on cycle 3-6) (28-day cycle) until disease progression. Median age was 76; 50% patients were frail according to the International Myeloma Working Group frailty score; 74% and 37% were refractory to lenalidomide and daratumumab respectively. With a median follow-up of 14 months, the overall response rate was 64%, including 36% very good partial response or better. The 12-month progression-free survival, duration of response and overall survival were 52%, 76% and 86% respectively. The most common (46%) grade 3-4 toxicity was neutropenia. Non-haematological adverse events were mostly grade 1 or 2. Overall, I2D demonstrated a favourable risk-benefit profile in elderly MM patients at first relapse, including in patients with lenalidomide and daratumumab refractory disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":135,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Haematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}