Indoor and Built Environment最新文献_第8页

Exploring the possibility of using CO2 as a proxy for exhaled particles to predict the risk of indoor exposure to pathogens 探索使用二氧化碳作为呼出微粒的替代物来预测室内病原体暴露风险的可能性

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Indoor and Built Environment Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/1420326X221110043

Dadi Zhang, P. Bluyssen

{"title":"Exploring the possibility of using CO2 as a proxy for exhaled particles to predict the risk of indoor exposure to pathogens","authors":"Dadi Zhang, P. Bluyssen","doi":"10.1177/1420326X221110043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X221110043","url":null,"abstract":"Airborne transmission has been confirmed as one of three principal ways of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. To reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 indoors, understanding the distribution of respiratory droplets (or aerosols) present in human breath seems therefore important. To study whether the CO2 concentration can be used as a proxy for the number of exhaled particles present in an occupied space, the distribution of particles with different diameters (0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 μm) and CO2 concentrations were monitored in a classroom setting with six healthy subjects. Additionally, numbers of particles with the same sizes were measured in the breath of the same six healthy subjects separately. Results showed that (1) on the contrary to CO2, the main source of indoor particles came from outdoor air, and not from occupants; (2) the impacts of ventilation regimes on indoor particle numbers were different to the impacts on CO2 concentrations; and (3) almost no significant relationship between the number of indoor particles and CO2 concentration was observed. Based on these results, this study could therefore not conclude that the CO2 concentration in a classroom can be used as a proxy for the number of exhaled particles by the occupants.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"116 34","pages":"1958 - 1972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The effects of imposed swirling flow on the transport and deposition of particulate pollutants in the 90° industrial duct bends: An Eulerian-Lagrangian approach 外加漩涡流对 90° 工业管道弯曲处颗粒污染物迁移和沉积的影响：欧拉-拉格朗日方法

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Indoor and Built Environment Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231219468

Kun Han, Yongfa Diao, Jiawei Zhuang, M. Chu

{"title":"The effects of imposed swirling flow on the transport and deposition of particulate pollutants in the 90° industrial duct bends: An Eulerian-Lagrangian approach","authors":"Kun Han, Yongfa Diao, Jiawei Zhuang, M. Chu","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231219468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231219468","url":null,"abstract":"Duct bend is one of the important parts of ventilation and dust removal systems, and particles deposited in curved ducts can reduce system efficiency or cause erosion on the bend wall. To investigate whether particle deposition is affected by imposed swirl on fluid flow, this article combines the RSM turbulence model and the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) to predict the deposition efficiency of particles in the bend under high Reynolds number conditions. The results show that the imposed swirl flow modifies the secondary flow initially dominated by the pressure gradient caused by the curvature effect. With the gradual increase of the swirl number ( S n), the deposition efficiency of the particles gradually decreased. However, when the swirl number is low ( S n ≤ 0.17), particles with smaller Stokes numbers are more susceptible to the intensity of turbulence. The higher the turbulence intensity near the wall, the easier it is for low inertia particles ( St ≤ 0.456) to deposit. The higher swirl intensity dominates the centrifugal force, reduces the turbulent intensity in the central region of the duct, improves the stability of the airflow and makes it easier for particles with larger inertia ( St ≥ 0.811) to pass through the bend.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of near-wall heat sources with different configurations on particle deposition in a small-scale chamber 不同配置的近壁热源对小尺度室中颗粒沉积的影响

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Indoor and Built Environment Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231218638

Xi Chen, Miaomiao Qin, Yahui Gao, Yang Liu, Liu Yang

引用次数: 0

PM2.5 bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an Indian residential indoor air environment and their health risk 印度住宅室内空气环境中与 PM2.5 结合的多环芳烃及其健康风险

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Indoor and Built Environment Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231219211

Sangita Ghatge Goel, Shashank Somwanshi, Sanjay Kashyap, Rajesh Gupta

{"title":"PM2.5 bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an Indian residential indoor air environment and their health risk","authors":"Sangita Ghatge Goel, Shashank Somwanshi, Sanjay Kashyap, Rajesh Gupta","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231219211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231219211","url":null,"abstract":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), a group of semi-volatile organic pollutants with 2–7 aromatic rings are emitted in association with particulates/gases from incomplete combustion. They are persistent and affect human health adversely. This is the first study wherein PM2.5 bound PAHs from 8 different indoor air pollution sources, namely dhoop (DH1, DH2), incense sticks (IS1, IS2), cigarette, mosquito coil and solid fuels ‘coal and wood’, that are widely used in South-Asian countries were studied. Their emission rates and concentration profiles were compared. Dhoop was studied for the first time and found to be emitting the highest quantity of total PAHs. FLA/(FLA + PYR) ratio rightly indicated ingredients like wood and grass as sources. However, other ratios indicated petrogenic/coal origin, while BaP/(BaP + CHR) and BaA/(BaA + CHR) ratios were not reported earlier. The highest Toxicity Equivalent Concentration and Mutagenic Equivalent Concentration were estimated for DH2 and the lowest for cigarette smoke. The maximum Inhalation Lifetime Cancer Risk equal to 1.85 × 10−05 (adults) was observed for DH2, exceeding the WHO guidelines. These inferences will help in optimizing the indoor sources’ combustion duration and formulating manmade indoor sources. They will assist in identifying high-risk indoor environments, causative sources and control mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139234051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differences in heating effects of three personalized heating devices under various indoor temperatures: Table heating pad, cushion heating pad and leg heating pad 三种个性化加热设备在不同室内温度下的加热效果差异：桌面加热垫、坐垫加热垫和腿部加热垫

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Indoor and Built Environment Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231218365

Jia Chao, Shaoxuan Li, Zhicheng Zhang, Menghan Wang, Wenzhuo Hou

{"title":"Differences in heating effects of three personalized heating devices under various indoor temperatures: Table heating pad, cushion heating pad and leg heating pad","authors":"Jia Chao, Shaoxuan Li, Zhicheng Zhang, Menghan Wang, Wenzhuo Hou","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231218365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231218365","url":null,"abstract":"The personalized environmental control system (PECS) meets the diverse comfort needs of occupants in an efficient way, amongst which, personalized heating systems have been extensively applied for heating in winter. Based on the differences in targeted body segments and application scenarios, the study of the heating performance and examining the applicability of different heating devices under various working conditions are necessary. In the present study, the heating effect of selected personalized heating devices including table heating pads, cushion heating pads and leg heating pads was investigated under different indoor temperatures (16°C, 18°C and 20°C). The results show that the cushion heating pads could produce the best heating effect in the environment at 16°C and 18°C. The average thermal comfort vote (TCV) was 0.00 and 1.08, respectively. While in the environment at 20°C, the leg heating pad (LH) was found to be the best with an average value of TCV to be 0.92. Personalized heating devices could directly enhance the thermal sensation and skin temperature of targeted body segments, such as the hands as well as legs, which are to be the most beneficial parts. The conclusions drawn above clarify the application scenarios of selected heating devices and will help to develop more energy-efficient heating schemes in winter.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improvement of airflow uniformity and noise reduction with optimized V-shape configuration of perforated plate in the air distributor 通过优化空气分配器中穿孔板的 V 形配置，改善气流均匀性并降低噪音

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Indoor and Built Environment Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231217477

Zhe Liu, Bo-Hua Sun, Haihang Cui, Minghua Huang

{"title":"Improvement of airflow uniformity and noise reduction with optimized V-shape configuration of perforated plate in the air distributor","authors":"Zhe Liu, Bo-Hua Sun, Haihang Cui, Minghua Huang","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231217477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231217477","url":null,"abstract":"The air distributor is the end component of the ventilation system, and its performance directly determines the comfortable and pleasant feeling of the residence. A perforated plate can be added to the air distributor to convert dynamic pressure into static pressure first and then distribute the air flow, which provides better self-adjustment compared with the embedded guide vane structure. However, the perforated plate can lead to a contradiction between head loss, noise and distribution uniformity. To reconcile this problem, a novel V-shape configuration of the perforated plate was put forward in this study. The internal flow and aeroacoustic properties of different types of perforated plates were systematically studied, and a full-scale test platform was built to verify the flow characteristics. The effects of hole size and installation position of the perforated plate on the uniform distribution of air flow were analyzed by the parametric analysis method. Then, the sound pressure level of the optimized perforated plate air distributor was further analyzed. The results show that, with the optimized perforated plate structure, the uniform flow performance was improved by about 30% and the overall sound pressure level was reduced by up to 12 dB.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"25 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Daylighting design validation and optimisation of tropical school classrooms with asymmetrical bilateral opening typology 热带学校教室的采光设计验证和优化，采用不对称的双边开放类型

3区工程技术

Indoor and Built Environment Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231204513

Atthaillah Atthaillah, Rizki A. Mangkuto, Sarith Subramaniam, Brian Yuliarto

{"title":"Daylighting design validation and optimisation of tropical school classrooms with asymmetrical bilateral opening typology","authors":"Atthaillah Atthaillah, Rizki A. Mangkuto, Sarith Subramaniam, Brian Yuliarto","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231204513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231204513","url":null,"abstract":"Daylighting is an essential factor in the design and operation of buildings, including schools. School buildings shall therefore be designed and constructed by considering climate variability that may affect daylighting performance. In some cases, such as in Indonesia, school classrooms are typically designed with symmetrical bilateral openings. However, recent literature suggests that such an opening typology may not necessarily lead to optimal daylight performance. This study investigated the potential of applying asymmetrical bilateral opening in tropical school classrooms by conducting validation with scale models and optimisation with climate-based daylight simulation. The window-to-wall ratio and external horizontal shading depth and elevation on opposing façades of the building model were considered input variables. Computational daylight simulation with Radiance (RAD) through the interface of Honeybee Plus (HB [+]) and optimisation using genetic algorithms (GA) were utilised to calculate annual daylight metrics (aUDI 250-750lx , aUDI 100-3000lx , sDA 300/50% and ASE 1000,250 ) and glare indices (DGP) under the climate of two Indonesian cities. Based on the optimisation, the recommended solutions are indeed in favour of asymmetrical opening configurations. These findings are crucial to improving the practice of designing tropical school classrooms with asymmetrical bilateral openings.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"5 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135873883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental studies on airborne transmission in hospitals: A systematic review 医院空气传播的实验研究:系统综述

3区工程技术

Indoor and Built Environment Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231205527

Tsz Wun Tsang, Ling Tim Wong, Kwok Wai Mui

{"title":"Experimental studies on airborne transmission in hospitals: A systematic review","authors":"Tsz Wun Tsang, Ling Tim Wong, Kwok Wai Mui","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231205527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231205527","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental studies can provide understanding, knowledge and real-case empirical evidence on the effects of building ventilation and environmental factors on airborne transmission in hospitals. Information obtained from existing studies gives insight into formulating engineering solutions and management practices to combat nosocomial airborne infections. A systemic review was conducted to summarize the experimental methods, research interests, useful results and limitations. With a steady but slow trend of increasing interest, experimental studies have been focusing mainly on the effects of ventilation systems, strategies and configurations on airborne transmission. The dispersion of bioaerosols under the combined effects of environmental factors, emission scenarios and human movement was investigated. Localized ventilation, air purifiers and disinfection technologies were also examined. The experimental techniques and some useful insights on optimal ventilation strategies and management practices were summarized and highlighted. Limitations of the empirical studies included sampling difficulties, limited scale and a number of testing scenarios, uncontrolled/unconsidered influencing factors and the media for experimentations. Using IoT-based sampling devices for experiments and real-time monitoring of bioaerosols or their surrogates, field surveys on a case-by-case basis in hospitals and interdisciplinary studies and collaborations could help overcome the research challenges and provide practical and effective solutions to minimize airborne transmission in hospitals.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"1 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal ventilation strategy for multi-bed hospital inpatient wards: CFD simulations using a genetic algorithm 多床位医院住院病房的最佳通风策略:使用遗传算法的CFD模拟

3区工程技术

Indoor and Built Environment Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231205139

Manoj Kumar Satheesan, Tsz-Wun Tsang, Kwok-Wai Mui, Ling-Tim Wong

引用次数: 0

Indoor air quality in Saudi residential homes 沙特住宅的室内空气质量

3区工程技术

Indoor and Built Environment Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/1420326x231205192

Mahmoud Fathy ElSharkawy

{"title":"Indoor air quality in Saudi residential homes","authors":"Mahmoud Fathy ElSharkawy","doi":"10.1177/1420326x231205192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x231205192","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the level of IAQ (indoor air quality) through monitoring of several air pollutants inside selected homes in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and to study the most affecting factors on IAQ. Continuous 8-hour monitoring at each home during six months of 2019–2020 was conducted for six air pollutants inside and outside 200 homes, representing three main Saudi cities (Dammam, Al-Hofuf and Qatif). Measurements of six air pollutants were conducted in the kitchen, the living room and the bedroom inside each home and simultaneously outside these homes in their immediate vicinity. The highest mean levels of PM 10 (50.3 ± 20.0 µg/m 3 ), CO 2 (822.9 ± 195.1 ppm) and NO 2 (0.044 ± 0.009 ppm) were found in kitchens, while the highest mean level of CO (1.27 ± 0.25 ppm) was found in living rooms. As for total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and SO 2 , their levels were nearly the same at three sites (0.21 ± 0.04 ppm and 0.018 ± 0.002 ppm, respectively). Levels of PM 10 exceeded their air quality guidelines (AQGs) in homes that are located near industrial and agricultural areas, while levels of other air pollutants were lower than their AQGs in all regions. The increase in concentrations of air pollutants outdoors was accompanied by an increase in concentrations indoors.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"41 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136234904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0