Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology最新文献

{"title":"Challenges to E-government in modern realities. Results of the VII International scientific conference “Electronic governance and open society: Challenges in Eurasia”","authors":"Ludmila A. Vidiasova, D. Trutnev","doi":"10.21638/SPBU12.2021.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU12.2021.107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135763,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129330112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The image of the Soviet man in Russian films: a sociological analysis","authors":"Дупак Анна Андреевна","doi":"10.21638/spbu12.2019.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2019.406","url":null,"abstract":"Films are viewed as an instrument of historical policy and a means of interpreting and distributing certain views about various episodes in national history. The study sample consisted of the eight highest box-office non-military Russian films about Soviet society, which were released between 2008 and 2017. Based on the method of organizing the plot and the themes raised, the films were divided into two groups: “films about achievements” and “films about personal life.” The key methods were the following: 1. content analysis of screen time allocated to certain scenes and characters, to discussions of various topics; 2. discourse analysis of the speech of film characters. On the basis of analysis, three types of characters were described: “hero” (main positive character), “opponent” (main antagonist) and “helper.” The results of the analysis depict the main tendencies in the interpretations of the events of the Soviet era by contemporary Russian cinema. One of the key themes in all the films is the confrontation between a person and the state, manifested through the conflict of a “hero” and an “opponent” (a representative of the government department). Characters who uphold personal values, act independently and are not afraid to take risks, are marked positively. Moreover, behaviour of those characters is not always consistent with the interests of the state. At the same time, characters who support the values accepted in Soviet society and act strictly in accordance with the orders of the authorities are marked negatively. The films contrast the positive ideas about the Soviet people, the negative ideas about the state system. In this manner, the problem of the ambivalence of modern interpretations of Soviet history is being solved.","PeriodicalId":135763,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125698294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social media in local environmental conflicts","authors":"Vladimir B. Golbraich","doi":"10.21638/spbu12.2019.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2019.405","url":null,"abstract":"Social networks have become an everyday phenomenon, performing the functions of interpersonal communication, entertainment, education, and news consumption. In this regard, social media is becoming an essential factor in political and public life, as well as one of the most important resources for social movements. This study focuses on how initiative groups in modern Russia (based on the example of the social network VKontakte) use social media during local environmental conflicts (to attract citizens to problematic situations and mobilize them). The study used a content analysis of virtual groups created in connection with local environmental conflicts, and a survey was conducted of the most active members of virtual groups and their leaders. The study identified the main functions performed by virtual groups (information, mobilization, etc.); the use of various resources groups (visual, etc.); use of various information sources (traditional media; social media, etc.). The digital participation of virtual groups’ members was analyzed, as well as the traditional political participation of the most active group members. The study illustrated the active use of groups for mobilization. At the same time, the analysis revealed low digital participation of social media users. Also, the results of the analysis showed that the majority of respondents, which could be attributed to the most active of the group members, also took part in traditional forms (rallies, pickets, public hearings, etc.). The study demonstrated that most group leaders believed that virtual groups contributed significantly to the mobilization of potential supporters during a conflict.","PeriodicalId":135763,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126979390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of socially important diseases in European countries and Russia","authors":"S. Boyarkina","doi":"10.21638/spbu12.2019.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2019.404","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a review of the concepts and modern methodological and practical directions used for studying social determinants of health and socially significant diseases on the example of cardiovascular disease and tuberculosis. The analysis of modern literature devoted to the problems of disease and mortality allows us to identify groups of determinants that lead to the development of socially significant diseases, both infectious and non-infectious, in Europe and Russia. It is known that socio-structural and contextual determinants (economical, educational and socio-psychological well-being) have the strongest impact on the population’s health. These determinants are common for health and several socially significant diseases, including tuberculosis and cardiovascular diseases. European studies of the last years have been discussing their relationship with global social processes that lead to the transformation of the social structure of societies and determine the impact of socio-structural and in-country contextual determinants. The rapid change in the social structure of European societies was caused by the migration crisis that began in 2015. Mass migration to Western Europe from low-income countries of North Africa, the Middle East and South Asia, and to Russia — from the CIS countries and Ukraine, has led to an increase in the incidence of socially significant diseases, problems of the health care system in the recipient countries, and the availability of health care for the indigenous population. Thus, migration becomes a significant determinant and is included in modern studies of public health problems along with such characteristics of the social context as economic indicators of the country's functioning, income inequalities, financing of the health system, access to health care, the level of literacy, and socio-psychological well-being.","PeriodicalId":135763,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123057575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative employee behaviour: Evidence from domestic and foreign-owned companies operating in Russia","authors":"E. Balabanova, A. Efendiev, A. Gogoleva, P. Sorokin","doi":"10.21638/spbu12.2019.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2019.301","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses individual innovative behaviour of employees in domestic and foreignowned companies operating in Russia. The authors focus on personal and organisational factors affecting the three stages of innovative processes at the micro-level: generating, proposing and implementing new ideas. Empirical analysis is based on the survey of 623 white-collar employees and managers in 17 private-owned organisations in Russia. In both domestic- and foreign-owned companies skilled workers and those having higher status in organisations — men; supervisors; having two or more higher education degrees; assessing their professional competencies as high — are characterized by higher innovative activity at the fist and second stage. At the third stage of the innovative process, employees of foreign-owned companies tend to report higher effectiveness of their innovative suggestions. The authors conclude that the organisational environment of foreign-owned companies is generally more conducive to innovative activities compared to Russian domestic companies. Better innovative performance of foreign-owned companies can be explained by their managerial incentives for employees’ innovative behaviour. In particular, direct incentives of individual innovative activity such as financial rewards or career promotions are more common in foreign-owned companies. Managers of these companies are less authoritarian and tend to use participative techniques of decision making. Employees of foreign-owned companies are more focused in their innovative activities and concentrated on a narrower range of issues than that of domestic Russian organisations. The authors underline the importance of fostering an innovative-friendly organisational environment that would provide formal and informal, tangible and intangible rewards for employee innovative behaviour. These rewards should create a synergy among personal and organisational antecedents of employee innovative activities. Selection and hiring of intrinsically motivated personnel, creation of an organisational climate that is favorable for the free flow of ideas and access to information, as well as direct incentives for innovative activities, are seen as crucially important.","PeriodicalId":135763,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133902401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociological model of life trajectories of women involved in prostitution","authors":"M. Rusakova","doi":"10.21638/spbu12.2019.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2019.303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135763,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132578679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International adoption: thematic discourse in the German media","authors":"S. Sudin, Dmitrii A. Shpilev, E. B. Khodyreva","doi":"10.21638/spbu12.2019.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2019.304","url":null,"abstract":"of the international adoption discourse are considered on the example of German mass media as one of the acceptor countries that form a solvent demand for this service. On the basis of the qualitative content analysis of 205 publications in four leading German magazines and newspapers (Der Spiegel, Der Stern, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung), published in the period from 2002 to 2018, the peculiarities of topical presentation of international adoption and the formation of attitudes towards it among the majority of German citizens are traced. Currently, the areas of discourse on international adoption are as follows: expansion of the adoption rights of same-sex families; promotion of adoption through the media; legislative changes to eliminate the black market of international adoption; surrogacy and the spread of IVF as a factor of reducing international adoption; success of adopted children in adulthood; criticism of racism and sexism in adoption; and adoption of children with disabilities. Based on the above, it is logical to forecast a further increase in demand for international adoption in the host countries despite the back-drop of tighter legislation in donor countries.","PeriodicalId":135763,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology","volume":"305 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122869130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The paradoxes of Robert Craig's disciplinary matrix","authors":"N. Kazarinova","doi":"10.21638/SPBU12.2019.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU12.2019.205","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the methodological and methodical significance of R. T. Craig's essay Communication Theory as a Field, which was published in 1999 in the American journal Communication Theory and was translated into Russian in 2003. The key principles proposed by R. Craig as resources for reconstructing the communication theory as a practical discipline are described. Based on the analysis of the Russian publications, it is concluded that in the domestic pedagogical and academic environment Craig's methodological proposals did not become resonant, but rather were trivialized both methodically and conceptually. Communicative paradoxes which can arise if we use this disciplinary matrix for pedagogical and research tasks are revealed. The content of these paradoxes is described in the article as follows: 1) consistent use of dialogic-dialectical model reduces emotional involvement and interest in it; 2) the more «clear» for non-professionals what communication is, the less they trust the academic discourse about communication; 3) the more precisely the issue of trust is set as a communication task in inter-group communication, the more categorical are the requirements for the development of trust procedures are, due to increased distrust. The consequences of these paradoxes are the reduction of the motivational influence of Craig’s disciplinary matrix in the educational and academic environment, the actualization of the problem of trust for specialists in the social communication field and strengthening of intergroup psychological defenses in solving socially significant problems.","PeriodicalId":135763,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116749048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human capital development and economic growth. Results of the III St. Petersburg International Labor Forum","authors":"V. Minina","doi":"10.21638/SPBU12.2019.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU12.2019.207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135763,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114066341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication strategies of social bots: models of influence on the audience","authors":"V. Vasilkova, N. Legostaeva, Vladimir B. Radushevsky","doi":"10.21638/SPBU12.2019.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU12.2019.203","url":null,"abstract":"The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research on the research project no. 18-011-00988 ‘Structure of botnet space of social networks: network analysis’.","PeriodicalId":135763,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132469428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}