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Heterogeneous and homogeneous effects of hydrogen sulfide on light-hydrocarbon pyrolysis 硫化氢对轻烃热解的均相和非均相影响
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1021/I100022A014
J. Kolts
{"title":"Heterogeneous and homogeneous effects of hydrogen sulfide on light-hydrocarbon pyrolysis","authors":"J. Kolts","doi":"10.1021/I100022A014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100022A014","url":null,"abstract":"The pyrolysis of ethane, propane, isobutane, n-butane, and n-decane has been studied with H/sub 2/S added in the 0-10% range under conditions in which the surface/volume (S/V) ratio was varied over approximately 6 orders of magnitude. In the absence of H/sub 2/S the pyrolysis rates and product selectivities remained virtually constant over large changes in S/V ratio. At low S/V ratios H/sub 2/S can either inhibit or accelerate the rate of hydrocarbon decomposition depending upon the nature of the intermediate radicals. Under high S/V conditions, H/sub 2/S caused an increase in pyrolysis rate for all hydrocarbons tested. The results are consistent with a mechanism and kinetic analysis in which the effect of high surface area is to catalyze the decomposition of H/sub 2/S into intermediate radicals. The effects of H/sub 2/S on product selectivity appear as a large increase in propylene yield from n-butane feed, increased isobutene from isobutane feed, and little or no change in selectivity with n-decane, propane, or ethane feed.","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":"1 1","pages":"265-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78826897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Hollow fiber gas permeator with countercurrent or cocurrent flow: series solutions 可逆流或共流中空纤维气体渗透器:系列解决方案
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1021/I100022A007
N. Boucif, A. Sengupta, K. Sirkar
{"title":"Hollow fiber gas permeator with countercurrent or cocurrent flow: series solutions","authors":"N. Boucif, A. Sengupta, K. Sirkar","doi":"10.1021/I100022A007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100022A007","url":null,"abstract":"The problems in the numerical solution of boundary value problems encountered in hollow fiber binary gas permeatbrs having cocurrent or countercurrent permeate flow with axial pressure drop inside the fiber bore are discussed. A series solution technique is developed to express each product composition and the pressure ratio as a power series in terms of a dimensionless membrane area for shell side constant-pressure feed flow. Cocurrent or countercurrent rating or design problems require the solution of elther one algebraic equation, two coupled algebraic equations, or three coupled algebraic equations to determine the unknown quantities of interest. Calculated product and reject compositions, stage cuts, and closed-end pressure ratios compare quite well with those from numerical solutions for practically useful low to moderate cuts over a wide range of parameters. Cocurrent rating calculations requiring solution of only one algebraic equation are recommended for shortcut procedures since flow pattern effects are significant but not large.","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":"36 1","pages":"217-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90076264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Prediction of the critical constants and the saturation vapor pressure of tritium oxide 氧化氚临界常数及饱和蒸气压的预测
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals Pub Date : 1986-02-01 DOI: 10.1021/I100021A017
N. Matsunaga, A. Nagashima
{"title":"Prediction of the critical constants and the saturation vapor pressure of tritium oxide","authors":"N. Matsunaga, A. Nagashima","doi":"10.1021/I100021A017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A017","url":null,"abstract":"By means of a modified corresponding states principle developed by the present authors for the vapor pressures of H/sub 2/O isotopes, a few experimental data for the vapor pressure of tritium oxide (T/sub 2/O), available at lower temperatures, have been extrapolated to the critical temperature. By the use of the extrapolated saturation curve and an empirical relationship between the critical pressure P /sub C/ and the critical temperature T /sub C/, the location of the critical point of T/sub 2/O on the P-T plane has been estimated. The critical density p/sub C/ has also been estimated on the assumption that the critical molar densities are identical among the H/sub 2/O isotopes. The critical constants thus obtained are T/sub C/ = 641.7 K, P/sub C/ = 21.41 MPa, and p/sub C/ = 393 kg/m/sup 3/. An equation for the saturation vapor pressure of T/sub 2/O has been developed. The uncertainty of this equation has been developed. The uncertainty of this equation has been estimated at +-0.4% in the entire temperature range.","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":"23 1","pages":"115-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76224272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Visual observation of the solubility of heavy hydrocarbons in near-critical water 重碳氢化合物在近临界水中溶解度的目视观察
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals Pub Date : 1986-02-01 DOI: 10.1021/I100021A027
N. Sanders
{"title":"Visual observation of the solubility of heavy hydrocarbons in near-critical water","authors":"N. Sanders","doi":"10.1021/I100021A027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A027","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy hydrocarbons (M/sub R/ > 250) have been observed to dissolve in liquid water just below its critical temperature (374 /sup 0/C). Visual measurements of the solution temperatures of hydrocarbon/water systems confined in sealed quartz capillary tubes (autogenous pressure) show unambiguously that even very heavy heavy hydrocarbons (M/sub R/ > 400) form true solutions with water in a temperature-pressure region where both pure components can exist as liquids. The solubilities determined from solution temperatures of three pure hydrocarbons (a straight-chain paraffin, n-tetracosane; a polynuclear aromatic, benzo(e)pyrene; an alkylbenzene, n-nonadecylbenzene) and a naphthene/branched paraffin white oil mixture are reported in the temperature range 320-365/sup 0/C. The solution-temperature-derived solubilities are in agreement with heavy oil fraction solubility data obtained in ''blind'' autoclaves. Solubilities of pure heavy hydrocarbons in water at 350/sup 0/C range from 1 wt % for n-tetracosane to 10 wt % for benzo(e)pyrene. The variation of hydrocarbon solubility in water as a function of temperature and hydrocarbon molecular size and type is discussed by using the concepts of hydrophobic interactions and solubility parameters which have been developed to explain the solubilities of light hydrocarbons in water.","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":"41 3 1","pages":"169-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82852032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
The remarkable active site: aluminum in silica 显著的活性位点:硅中的铝
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals Pub Date : 1986-02-01 DOI: 10.1021/I100021A007
P. Weisz
{"title":"The remarkable active site: aluminum in silica","authors":"P. Weisz","doi":"10.1021/I100021A007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":"6 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86960853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
Some applications of the generalized De Donder equation to industrial reactions 广义De Donder方程在工业反应中的一些应用
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals Pub Date : 1986-02-01 DOI: 10.1021/I100021A010
M. Boudart
{"title":"Some applications of the generalized De Donder equation to industrial reactions","authors":"M. Boudart","doi":"10.1021/I100021A010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":"8 1","pages":"70-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89466747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Calculation of Joule-Thomson inversion curves from equations of state 从状态方程计算焦耳-汤姆逊反演曲线
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals Pub Date : 1986-02-01 DOI: 10.1021/I100021A024
Gary W. Dilay, R. Heidemann
{"title":"Calculation of Joule-Thomson inversion curves from equations of state","authors":"Gary W. Dilay, R. Heidemann","doi":"10.1021/I100021A024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":"19 1","pages":"152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87588900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 48
Modeling growth rate dispersion in a batch sucrose crystallizer 间歇式蔗糖结晶器中生长速率分散的模拟
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals Pub Date : 1986-02-01 DOI: 10.1021/I100021A029
K. Berglund, V. G. Murphy
{"title":"Modeling growth rate dispersion in a batch sucrose crystallizer","authors":"K. Berglund, V. G. Murphy","doi":"10.1021/I100021A029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A029","url":null,"abstract":"Analyse des donnees experimentales sur la vitesse de croissance de cristaux de sucrose pour etudier leur dispersion, au moyen de deux modeles concurrents. Les resultats experimentaux montrent que des experiences soigneusement concues doivent etre effectuees pour que l'on puisse etablir une distinction entre les deux","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":"135 1","pages":"174-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86355765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Influence of technology on catalytic science 技术对催化科学的影响
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals Pub Date : 1986-02-01 DOI: 10.1021/I100021A001
J. Sinfelt
{"title":"Influence of technology on catalytic science","authors":"J. Sinfelt","doi":"10.1021/I100021A001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A001","url":null,"abstract":"During the twentieth century, technological advances in catalysis have been enormous. These advances have generally stimulated research leading to significant progress in the science of catalysis. Areas of catalysis providing good examples include ammonia synthesis in the chemical industry and catalytic cracking and reforming in the petroleum industry. As the science of catalysis has developed in response to the stimulus of technology, it has had an increasingly greater effect in the reverse direction, i.e., in shaping the technology. This feedback phenomenon is highly desirable for maximizing progress in both science and technology.","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":"14 3 1","pages":"2-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75536337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Catalytic hydrogenation of fatty oils 脂肪油的催化氢化
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals Pub Date : 1986-02-01 DOI: 10.1021/I100021A006
J. Coenen
{"title":"Catalytic hydrogenation of fatty oils","authors":"J. Coenen","doi":"10.1021/I100021A006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/I100021A006","url":null,"abstract":"A fatty acid is converted to the corresponding carbon length alcohol by the liquid phase hydrogenation of the carboxylic acid in the presence of a co-catalyst system consisting essentially of activated rhenium metal in combination with an extrinsic metal catalyst in the form of one of the platinum metals.","PeriodicalId":13548,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals","volume":"22 1","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73447225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
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