Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology最新文献

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection among Pregnant Women in Kumasi: A Cross-Sectional Study at a District-Level Hospital, Ghana.","authors":"Bhavana Singh,&nbsp;Linda Batsa Debrah,&nbsp;Godfred Acheampong,&nbsp;Alexander Yaw Debrah","doi":"10.1155/2021/6670219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6670219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection among pregnant women in a district-level hospital in Ghana and compared the diagnostic performance of the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for <i>T</i>. <i>gondii</i> diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 400 consecutive consenting women in their first-trimester stage of pregnancy. A validated well-structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and possible risk factors of each participant. Blood samples were collected for analysis of <i>T</i>. <i>gondii</i> IgG and IgM using the commercial ELISA Kit and RDT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education (cOR = 1.9, 95% CI (1.1-3.1), and <i>p</i> = 0.020) and contact with cats (cOR = 1.7, 95% CI (1.1-2.8), and <i>p</i> = 0.030) were significant predictors of <i>T</i>. <i>gondii</i> infection, with the former being the only independent risk factor for <i>T</i>. <i>gondii</i> infection (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI (1.0-3.0), and <i>p</i> = 0.034) by the ELISA method. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of RDT-IgM against ELISA were 42.9%, 95.9%, and 0.694, respectively, whereas those of RDT-IgG were 31.0%, 91.2%, and 0.611, respectively. The diagnostic consistency between the two methods was fair for both RDT-IgM (<i>κ</i> = 0.304) and RDT-IgG (<i>κ</i> = 0.201).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of <i>T</i>. <i>gondii</i> infection among pregnant women at Kumasi is 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education and contact with cats were the major risk factors of <i>T</i>. <i>gondii</i> infection. Using ELISA as the reference, the RDT used in this study for the diagnosis of <i>T</i>. <i>gondii</i> infection has low sensitivity, and therefore, it is unreliable. However, this finding does not invalidate all RDTs because there are several other brands of RDT with good sensitivity and specificity. Further studies to ascertain the performance of other commercially available RDT kits are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13546,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6670219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8041552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38895809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolated from South African Pregnant Women","authors":"G. Oree, Meleshni Naicker, H. Maise, P. Tinarwo, N. Abbai","doi":"10.1155/2021/6684680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6684680","url":null,"abstract":"School of Clinical Medicine Research Laboratory, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Department of Biostatistics, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","PeriodicalId":13546,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"70 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74396886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progression of CIN1/LSIL HPV Persistent of the Cervix: Actual Progression or CIN3 Coexistence.","authors":"Maria Teresa Bruno,&nbsp;Nazario Cassaro,&nbsp;Francesca Bica,&nbsp;Sara Boemi","doi":"10.1155/2021/6627531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The natural history of the CIN1 lesions is characterized by an elevated rate of spontaneous regression (80%), some authors recognize a capacity to progress to HSIL in 10% of cases, and other authors do not recognize the capacity of progression of LSIL (CIN1). This study was aimed to evaluate the incidence of progression to HSIL (CIN3) in women with a histological diagnosis of LSIL (CIN1). Furthermore, to this end, we studied the histological outcomes of cone specimens collected by the LEEP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All the data were retrospectively analyzed. All participants underwent a follow-up of 4 years, during which each woman underwent an HPV test and genotyping, cervical cytological sampling, or biopsy every six months. The endpoint was the histological confirmation of CIN3 lesions in any moment during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Progression to CIN3 occurred in 7 cases (1,5%). Analyzing the histological exams of the cones of the 7 cases that progressed to CIN3, we found the coexistence of CIN1 and CIN3 lesions in all cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After 4 years of follow-up, only 1.5% (7/475) of the women with LSIL developed CIN3, all within the first two years of follow-up, and were immediately treated. The most likely explanations for \"progression\" from LSIL to HSIL are (1) actual progression, (2) underdiagnosis of HSIL on initial biopsy, (3) overdiagnosis of HSIL on follow-up biopsy/cone, and (4) CIN3 arose de novo. Analyzing the histological exams of the cones of the 7 cases that progressed to high-grade, we found the coexistence of CIN1 and CIN3 lesions in all cases. Some recent studies have shown that a viral genotype corresponds to different lesions in the same cervix; therefore, CIN1 coexisting with CIN3 does not always indicate progression of CIN1. Other authors have doubted the capacity of LSIL to progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":13546,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6627531"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7972837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25524092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease after Ectopic Removal.","authors":"Amanda Wang, Sema Hajmurad, Maryam Khan, Sarah Villarreal","doi":"10.1155/2021/6668299","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/6668299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are separately commonly seen in practice, development of PID after surgical removal is rare. Here, we present the case of a 41-year-old female who was admitted for pelvic inflammatory disease diagnosed after laparoscopic salpingectomy for a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Treatment required drainage of TOAs with interventional radiology and antibiotic treatment. This case report demonstrates how treatment of PID following ectopic pregnancy is complex and may require surgical- or radiology-guided drainage of infection in addition to common antibiotic treatment. Follow-up and duration of treatment are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":13546,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6668299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7837769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25324263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Nucleotide/Nucleoside Analogues and Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin Therapy in Blocking Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B in an Eastern Chinese Group.","authors":"Xiaojun Sun,&nbsp;Chengwei Wang,&nbsp;Bian Wang,&nbsp;Xiuzhen Yang,&nbsp;Hongtao Xu,&nbsp;Meilong Shen,&nbsp;Kuichun Zhu","doi":"10.1155/2020/4305950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4305950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and potential side-effects of nucleotide/nucleoside analogues and hepatitis B immunoglobulin injection of newborns in blocking mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in the middle and late pregnancy period. 238 cases of enrolled pregnant women were divided into the Telbivudine group, the Tenofovir group, the Lamivudine group, and the hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) group. Enrolled patients received corresponding therapies. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Results showed that the levels of HBV DNA of the enrolled pregnant women in the Telbivudine, Tenofovir, and Lamivudine groups decreased rapidly after 12 weeks of drug intervention compared with those in the control. HBsAg positive rate in newborns and in children 24 weeks after birth was 0/60, 0/60, 0/60, 3/30, and 11/28 in the Telbivudine, Tenofovir, Lamivudine, HBIG, and control groups, respectively. No significant side-effects were identified after following up to 12 months after birth. Our results show that routine HBV vaccine plus HBIG injections is insufficient in blocking mother-to-child HBV transmission. Administration of nucleotide/nucleoside analogues or HBIG at pregnancy is suggested to maximize the blocking of vertical HBV transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":13546,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"4305950"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/4305950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38767224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Transmission of COVID-19 to the Neonate.","authors":"Sindy C Moreno,&nbsp;Justin To,&nbsp;Hajoon Chun,&nbsp;Ivan M Ngai","doi":"10.1155/2020/8460672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8460672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the incidence rate of vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to the neonate during the third trimester. <i>Study Design</i>. We conducted a retrospective observational study of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 during the third trimester, who delivered at Flushing Hospital Medical Centre (FHMC) or Jamaica Hospital Medical Centre (JHMC) between March 20, 2020, and April 30, 2020. The study participants were symptomatic pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 via positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR) test. Evidence of vertical transmission was assessed in the neonate via a SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR test, with nasopharyngeal swab samples collected on the neonates after 24 hours of birth. The exclusion criteria for this study were maternal or neonate records without SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR test results, neonates not delivered at FHMC or JHMC, and foetuses with suspected foetal anomalies or incomplete medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 19 symptomatic pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19, including two women with twin pregnancies. Seven patients (36.8%) were delivered via cesarean. 12 patients (63.1%) presented in spontaneous labour, and 8 (38.1%) had preterm delivery. No maternal intensive care unit admission, maternal sepsis, or maternal mortality was observed. Twenty-one neonates were evaluated for COVID-19 after birth. SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR test results were negative in 100% of the neonates. Thirteen neonates (61.9%) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Prematurity was the most common cause of NICU admission 6 (46.1%), with a length of stay of 5.5 ± 6.4 days. No invasive mechanical ventilation, neonatal sepsis, or neonatal mortality was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our cohort, symptomatic COVID-19 during the third trimester of pregnancy was not associated with vertical transmission to the neonate.</p>","PeriodicalId":13546,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8460672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8460672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38671470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Obstetric Provider Congenital Cytomegalovirus Knowledge and Practices.","authors":"Megan H Pesch,&nbsp;Carter Anderson,&nbsp;Erika Mowers","doi":"10.1155/2020/8875494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8875494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is the most common congenital infection. Antenatal education is proven to reduce cCMV risk. Little is known about obstetric provider knowledge and practice patterns around cCMV.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate obstetric provider knowledge and practice patterns regarding cCMV at baseline and again after a brief educational intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Obstetric providers (<i>N</i> = 53) at a US academic community hospital were invited to complete a survey regarding their knowledge and practice patterns around cCMV. Providers attended a brief presentation about cCMV and later were invited to repeat the same survey. Univariate statistics were calculated for baseline data, and prepost intervention comparison analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline cCMV knowledge was low at 49% (<i>M</i> = 17.54 out of a possible 36, SD 6.4), with most providers (51%) reporting never counseling pregnant patients about cCMV. Post intervention, overall cCMV knowledge increased to 80% (<i>M</i> = 29.33, SD 4.1, <i>p</i> < .001); provider intention to counsel about cCMV prevention increased to 100%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Obstetric provider knowledge about cCMV is low, which likely impacts their antenatal counseling. Educational initiatives to increase awareness about cCMV may increase antenatal education and thereby decrease the risk of cCMV.</p>","PeriodicalId":13546,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8875494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8875494","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38634069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Infection, when Treated during Pregnancy, Is Not Associated with Preterm Birth in an Urban Safety-Net Hospital.","authors":"Jessica Vercruysse, Samrawit Mekasha, Lisa Movilla Stropp, James Moroney, Xianbao He, Yanmei Liang, Olivera Vragovic, Eduardo Valle, Jennifer Ballard, Jeffrey Pudney, Wendy Kuohung, Robin R Ingalls","doi":"10.1155/2020/8890619","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/8890619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preterm birth is a major public health problem, occurring in more than half a million births per year in the United States. A number of maternal conditions have been recognized as risk factors for preterm birth, but for the majority of cases, the etiology is not completely understood. <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in the world. However, its role in adverse pregnancy outcome in women is still debated. In order to determine if genitourinary tract infection with <i>C. trachomatis</i> during pregnancy was associated with preterm birth, we conducted a case-control study on women who delivered at Boston Medical Center, an urban \"safety-net\" hospital that serves a socioeconomically disadvantaged and racially diverse population. Women with known risk factors for preterm birth or immune suppression were excluded. Variables collected on enrolled subjects included demographics; diagnosis of <i>C. trachomatis</i> during or prior to pregnancy; tobacco, alcohol, and illicit substance use; gestational age; and birthweight and gender of the newborn. We also collected urine for chlamydia testing at the time of delivery and placental biopsies for nucleic acid amplification and histological studies. A total of 305 subjects were enrolled: 100 who delivered preterm and 205 who delivered full term. Among those subjects, we identified 19 cases of pregnancy-associated <i>C. trachomatis</i> infection: 6/100 preterm and 13/205 full term, a difference which was not statistically significant. Only two cases of untreated chlamydia infection were identified postpartum, and both occurred in women who delivered at term. We conclude that genitourinary tract infection with <i>C. trachomatis</i> during pregnancy, when appropriately treated, is not associated with preterm birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":13546,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8890619"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7556048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38510552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria in Pregnancy in Endemic Regions of Colombia: High Frequency of Asymptomatic and Peri-Urban Infections in Pregnant Women with Malaria.","authors":"Ana-María Vásquez,&nbsp;Lina Zuluaga-Idárraga,&nbsp;Margarita Arboleda,&nbsp;Luz-Yáned Usuga,&nbsp;Carolina Gallego-Marin,&nbsp;Alvaro Lasso,&nbsp;Luisa Carbal,&nbsp;Juan-Gabriel Piñeros-Jiménez,&nbsp;Alberto Tobón-Castaño","doi":"10.1155/2020/2750258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2750258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is limited information on MiP in low transmission regions as Colombia. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of MiP through active surveillance of infections by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2016 and January 2017 in five municipalities (Apartadó, Turbo, El Bagre, Quibdó, and Tumaco) in Colombia. Pregnant women self-presenting at health centers for antenatal care visits, seeking medical care for suspected malaria, or delivery, were enrolled. Diagnosis of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp was made in peripheral and placental blood samples by microscopy and PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 787 pregnant women were enrolled; plasmodial infection was diagnosed by microscopy in 4.2% (95% CI 2.8-5.6; 33/787) or by nPCR in 5.3% (95% CI 3.8-6.9; 42/787) in peripheral blood. Most of the infections were caused by <i>P. falciparum</i> (78.5%), and 46% were afebrile (asymptomatic). Women in the first and second trimester of pregnancy were more likely to be infected (aOR = 3.06, 95%CI = 1.6 - 5.8). To live in the urban/peri-urban area (aOR = 3.04, 95%CI = 1.4 - 6.56), to have a history of malaria during last year (aOR = 5.45, 95%IC = 2.16 - 13.75), and the infrequent bed net usage (aOR = 2.8, 95%CI = 1.31 - 5.97) were associated with the infection. Pregnant infected women had a higher risk of anaemia (aOR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.15 - 4.12) and fever (aOR = 14.2, 95%CI = 6.89 - 29.8).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The screening for malaria during antenatal care in endemic areas of Colombia is highly recommended due to the potential adverse effects of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. infection in pregnancy and as an important activity for the surveillance of asymptomatic infections in the control of malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":13546,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"2750258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/2750258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38342861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic Variation in <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> Detected in South African Pregnant Women.","authors":"Rennisha Chetty,&nbsp;Nonkululeko Mabaso,&nbsp;Nathlee Abbai","doi":"10.1155/2020/1687427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1687427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> is the causative agent of trichomoniasis. The genetic characterisation of <i>T. vaginalis</i> isolates reveals significant genetic diversity in this organism. Data on the prevalence of different genotypes of <i>T. vaginalis</i> in South African populations is lacking. This study investigated the diversity of <i>T. vaginalis</i> in a pregnant population in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 362 pregnant women from the King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa, provided vaginal swabs to be tested for the presence of <i>T. vaginalis</i>. <i>T. vaginalis</i> was detected using the TaqMan assay using commercially available primers and probes specific for this protozoan (Pr04646256_s1). The <i>actin</i> gene from <i>T. vaginalis</i> was amplified with gene-specific primers. The <i>actin</i> amplicons were digested with <i>HindII</i>, <i>MseI</i>, and <i>RsaI</i>, and the banding patterns were compared across the three digests for assignment of genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using MEGA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of <i>T. vaginalis</i> in the study population was 12.9% (47/362). Genotype G was the most frequent genotype in our study population. Genotypes H and I were detected in one sample each. According to the multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis, a level of diversity was observed across and within genotypes. Four different single-nucleotide changes in the <i>actin</i> gene were detected. Sample TV358 (H genotype) contained a single amino acid substitution from glutamine to lysine. Sample TV184 (G genotype) contained a single amino acid substitution from glutamic acid to arginine. Sample TV357 (G genotype) contained two amino acid substitutions, arginine to leucine and glycine to aspartic acid.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Three different genotypes were observed in the pregnant population. Diversity was observed across and within genotypes. The observed diversity can be challenging for future vaccine design and development of antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests for trichomoniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13546,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"2020 ","pages":"1687427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/1687427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38294456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}