Infection and Immunity最新文献

{"title":"TSST-1 promotes colonization of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> within the vaginal tract by activation of CD8⁺ T cells.","authors":"Karine Dufresne, Kait F Al, Heather C Craig, Charlotte E M Coleman, Katherine J Kasper, Jeremy P Burton, John K McCormick","doi":"10.1128/iai.00439-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00439-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) is a superantigen produced by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and is the determinant of menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS); however, the impact of TSST-1 on the vaginal environment beyond mTSS is not understood. Herein, we assessed how TSST-1 affects vaginal colonization by <i>S. aureus</i>, host inflammatory responses, and changes in microbial communities within the murine vagina. We demonstrated that TSST-1 induced a CD8⁺ T-cell-dependent inflammatory response in 24 h that correlated with <i>S. aureus</i> persistence within the vaginal tract. This increase was due to superantigen-dependent T-cell activation that triggered a change in microbial composition within the vaginal tract. Altogether, this study demonstrates that within the vaginal tract, TSST-1 modulates the vaginal microbiota to favor the survival of <i>S. aureus</i> in the absence of mTSS.IMPORTANCEToxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) is a superantigen toxin produced from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> that causes the menstrual form of toxic shock syndrome. This research demonstrates that TSST-1 also has a wider function within the vaginal tract than previously expected. We show that TSST-1, by activating CD8⁺ T cells, induces an inflammatory environment that modifies the vaginal microbiota to favor colonization by <i>S. aureus</i>. These are important findings as <i>S. aureus</i> can colonize the human vaginal tract efficiently and subsequently trigger dysbiosis within the microbial communities leading to several adverse outcomes such as decreased fertility, increased risks for sexually transmitted diseases, and issues related to pregnancy and birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":13541,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"e0043924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern for Herrera et al., \"Protection against Malaria in <i>Aotus</i> Monkeys Immunized with a Recombinant Blood-Stage Antigen Fused to a Universal T-Cell Epitope: Correlation of Serum Gamma Interferon Levels with Protection\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1128/iai.00541-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00541-24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13541,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"e0054124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern for Perlaza et al., \"Immunogenicity of Four <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Preerythrocytic Antigens in <i>Aotus lemurinus</i> Monkeys\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1128/iai.00542-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00542-24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13541,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"e0054224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of tryptophan starvation on inclusion membrane composition and chlamydial-host interactions.","authors":"Camille M Riffaud-Widner, Ray E Widner, Scot P Ouellette, Elizabeth A Rucks","doi":"10.1128/iai.00532-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/iai.00532-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Chlamydia</i> is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that develops within a membrane-bound vacuole called an inclusion. Throughout its developmental cycle, <i>Chlamydia</i> modifies the inclusion membrane (IM) with type III secreted (T3S) membrane proteins, known as inclusion membrane proteins (Incs). Via the IM, <i>Chlamydia</i> manipulates the host cell to acquire lipids and nutrients necessary for its growth. One key nutrient is tryptophan (Trp). As a Trp auxotroph, <i>Chlamydia</i> is very sensitive to Trp starvation and, in response to low Trp levels induced by the immune response, enters a viable but nonreplicating state called persistence. To maintain viability during persistence, <i>Chlamydia</i> must necessarily maintain both the integrity of the IM and its ability to modify host cell responses, but how Trp starvation affects IM composition and subsequent interactions with the host cell remains poorly understood. We hypothesize that, under Trp starvation conditions, Inc expression/stability or T3S function during persistence alters IM composition but that key host-<i>Chlamydia</i> interactions will be preserved. To examine host-<i>Chlamydia</i> interactions during persistence, we examined sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and transferrin trafficking to the inclusion, as well as localization of host proteins that bind to specific Incs. We identified IM composition changes during persistence by monitoring endogenous Inc abundance at the IM. Chlamydial T3S is generally functional during persistence. Specific changes in Inc composition in the IM can be linked to Trp content of a specific Inc or effector-specific defects in chlamydial T3S. Overall, our findings reveal that critical host-<i>Chlamydia</i> interactions are maintained during persistence mediated by Trp starvation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13541,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"e0053224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern for Lopez-Perez et al., \"IgG Responses to the <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Antigen VAR2CSA in Colombia Are Restricted to Pregnancy and Are Not Induced by Exposure to <i>Plasmodium vivax</i>\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1128/iai.00545-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00545-24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13541,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"e0054524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating small extracellular vesicle-based vaccination across heterologous <i>Salmonella</i> strains isolated from wastewater.","authors":"Lisa E Emerson, Saloni Bhimani, Andrew L Rainey, Anthony T Maurelli, Mariola J Ferraro","doi":"10.1128/iai.00485-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00485-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella</i> infections pose significant public health challenges worldwide. The diversity of <i>Salmonella</i> strains, particularly those isolated from environmental and clinical sources, necessitates innovative approaches to prevention and treatment. Previous research has shown that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) produced by macrophages during <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium infection can induce robust immune responses when used as a vaccine, offering complete protection in systemic infection models. In this study, we isolated 120 <i>Salmonella</i> strains from qPCR <i>invA</i>-positive wastewater samples collected in Gainesville, FL. These strains underwent enrichment, selection, and biochemical confirmation, followed by serotyping and whole genome sequencing. Two isolates, <i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp. diarizonae (Diarizonae) and <i>S. enterica</i> serovar Enteritidis, were selected for further analysis based on community prevalence and clinical severity. We also assessed the ability of sEVs produced by <i>S</i>. Typhimurium-infected macrophages to induce immune responses against these heterologous and circulating strains in mice. Immunization with sEVs induced robust antigen-specific SIgA and IgG responses against <i>S</i>. Typhimurium, Enteritidis, and Diarizonae, with high titers observed in sera and fecal samples. Proteomic analysis revealed differential expression of proteins in these strains, including antigenic proteins present in sEVs such as OmpA, FliC, or OmpD. Moreover, this study highlights the role of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as a tool for environmental surveillance, offering a complementary perspective on <i>Salmonella</i> dynamics within a population. Integrating WBE with traditional surveillance methods, along with the promising results of sEV-based vaccination, provides a pragmatic strategy for developing effective preventative measures against <i>Salmonella</i> infections, addressing the diversity of non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":13541,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"e0048524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern for Teixeira et al., \"Immunogenicity of a Prime-Boost Vaccine Containing the Circumsporozoite Proteins of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> in Rodents\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1128/iai.00544-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00544-24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13541,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"e0054424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern for Woehlbier et al., \"Analysis of Antibodies Directed Against Merozoite Surface Protein 1 of the Human Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1128/iai.00543-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00543-24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13541,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"e0054324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the role of adhesin proteins in controlling <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> infections: a systematic review.","authors":"Isabel Ladeira Pereira, Daiane Drawanz Hartwig","doi":"10.1128/iai.00348-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00348-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combating multidrug-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is considered a priority by the World Health Organization. Virulence mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, multidrug resistance, and high adherence to both biotic and abiotic surfaces, underscore the urgency of exploring approaches to control this pathogen. The search for new antibiotic compounds and alternative strategies like immunotherapies and vaccination offers potential solutions to address this pressing health concern. In this context, adhesins play a crucial role in the pathogenicity and virulence of <i>A. baumannii</i>, making them potential targets for therapeutic interventions. To address this, we conducted a systematic review of <i>A. baumannii</i> adhesin research from the last decade (2013-2023). We reviewed 24 papers: 6 utilizing reverse vaccinology bioinformatic tools to predict adhesin targets for vaccine construction, 17 employing DNA recombinant techniques for <i>in vivo</i> active and passive immunization or <i>in vitro</i> antibody-mediated therapy assays, and 1 paper exploring the impact of pyrogallol therapy on <i>A. baumannii</i> virulence mechanisms. Our review identified over 20 potential targets with significant findings. We screened and summarized these targets to aid in further exploration of therapies and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":13541,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"e0034824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> impairs T cell priming by inducing dendritic cell death.","authors":"Haitong Mao, Eric K Dumas, Michael N Starnbach","doi":"10.1128/iai.00402-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00402-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lack of effective adaptive immunity against <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> leads to chronic or repeated infection and serious disease sequelae. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that are crucial for the activation of T cells during <i>C. trachomatis</i> infection. cDC1s and cDC2s are the two main DC subsets responsible for T cell priming, but little is known about how <i>C. trachomatis</i> affects their ability to prime T cells. Using a mouse model of infection, we found that <i>C. trachomatis</i> uptake reduced the viability of cDC1s and cDC2s both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, with cDC1s experiencing more death. DC death was mainly due to apoptosis and is alleviated in <i>Casp3/7</i> or <i>Bak1/Bax</i> knockout DCs. In addition, we observed that <i>C. trachomatis</i>-specific CD8+ T cells were preferentially activated by cDC1s. Reduction in DC viability by <i>C. trachomatis</i> impaired the ability of infected DCs to activate T cells upon co-culture, although in the case of CD8+ T cell priming, controlling for viability was insufficient to fully rescue the defect. RNA sequencing of DCs from infected mice showed upregulation of cell death pathways, supporting our observations of DC death caused by <i>C. trachomatis</i>. Finally, we validated our findings with human DCs <i>in vitro</i>, observing <i>C. trachomatis</i>-induced cell death. These results indicate that <i>C. trachomatis</i> may evade the adaptive immune system by directly inducing cell death in DCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13541,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Immunity","volume":" ","pages":"e0040224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}