{"title":"Behavior of Single-Line-Ground Faults in Inverter-Based Resource Dominated Grids Explained","authors":"Zhixin Miao;Lingling Fan;Normann Fischer","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3581815","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3581815","url":null,"abstract":"It has been observed by protection engineers that it is difficult for a protective relay to identify the faulted phase during a single-line-ground (SLG) fault in a power system with a high ingression of inverter-based resources (IBR) using currents (phase or sequence). Further studies using electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation show that the initial operating conditions of the IBRs influence the response of phase currents during an SLG fault. In this letter, we conduct a quantitative analysis using sequence components. We find that the pre-fault condition determines the relative position of the current contributed by the grid versus that from the IBR, and further dictates which phase has the largest magnitude during an SLG condition. This finding is further verified by the EMT simulation results.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 4","pages":"2447-2450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Series-Parallel DC Collection Topology and Control for All-DC Offshore Wind Power System Considering MPPT and Surplus Power Distribution","authors":"Peiqi Zhao, Yongqing Meng, Mengwei Ge, Shuhao Yan, Xiuli Wang, Xifan Wang","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3580233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3580233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144304445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingxuan Zhao, Tao Xue, Ilhan Kocar, Evangelos Farantatos, Deepak Ramasubramanian
{"title":"Internal Voltage Equivalent RMS Models of Wind Generation for Transient Stability Assessment","authors":"Mingxuan Zhao, Tao Xue, Ilhan Kocar, Evangelos Farantatos, Deepak Ramasubramanian","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3579678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3579678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"70 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling and Stability Analysis of Multi Grid-Forming Converters with Connected to Low-Impedance Grid","authors":"Xiaotong Ji, Jinyu Wen, Yunhui Huang","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3579482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3579482","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Dynamic Nonlinear Model for Metal-Oxide Varistor Considering the Energy Absorption Excited by Wide-Range Transients","authors":"Yu-ying Wu;Yan-zhao Xie;Ning Dong;Fu-zheng Tian","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3579255","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3579255","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic models of the metal-oxide varistors (MOV) have been developed successively and they show good performances in the prediction of the residual voltage. However, energy absorption, one of the most important electrical characteristics of MOV, is also worth studying, because it is a non-negligible factor to evaluate the accuracy of the model. This paper proposes a dynamic nonlinear model for MOV considering the residual voltage and the energy absorption under wide-range transients with the rise time ranging from 20 ns to 30 μs. During modeling, the characteristics of the propose model including the capacitance, the inductance and the nonlinear resistance are studied first. Then the electrical circuit is developed in ATP-EMTP. The performance of the proposed model is analyzed and compared with the IEEE model. The results indicate that the proposed model is accurate and reliable in calculating both the residual voltage and the energy, and the maximum relative errors of the residual voltage and the energy are 5.74% and 5.29%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 4","pages":"2368-2377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fangwei Xu;Kai Guo;Chuan Wang;Jing Huang;Bo Zhao;Jian Liu;Cheng Liu;Xinyang Li
{"title":"Estimation of Voltage Sag Frequency Based on the Multiple Characteristic Factors","authors":"Fangwei Xu;Kai Guo;Chuan Wang;Jing Huang;Bo Zhao;Jian Liu;Cheng Liu;Xinyang Li","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3578548","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3578548","url":null,"abstract":"The existing methods of estimating voltage sag frequency (VSF) do not adequately consider the influence of multiple line characteristic factors, such as pollution degree, lightning grade, wind zone grade, and bird damage grade, on short-circuit faults. This gap results in significant deviations between estimation results and actual conditions. In practice, voltage sags mainly result from instantaneous short-circuit faults in transmission lines, and these faults are simultaneously influenced by two key factors: 1) environmental characteristic factors, e.g., lightning grade and wind zone grade, and 2) inherent line characteristic factors, e.g., line length and line run time. In view of this gap, this paper proposes a novel method to estimate VSF by introducing the line fault models that incorporates multiple line characteristic factors to enhance the estimation accuracy of VSF. The proposed method involves three main steps: 1) calculate the failure probability of the line by using the random forest prediction algorithm, 2) obtain the distribution of line fault locations based on adaptive kernel density estimation algorithm (AKDE), and 3) estimate VSF with the fault point method. The efficacy and practical utility of the proposed method are rigorously validated via numerical simulations and field data from power grids.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 4","pages":"2402-2411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haitao Zhang;Yao Qin;Qianwen Zhang;Fengting Wei;Xiuli Wang;Xifan Wang
{"title":"Optimal Decomposition Based Harmonic Stability Analysis of Grid-Connected Interlinking Converter Systems Considering the Coupling Interaction","authors":"Haitao Zhang;Yao Qin;Qianwen Zhang;Fengting Wei;Xiuli Wang;Xifan Wang","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3578798","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3578798","url":null,"abstract":"As a typical hybrid AC/DC power configuration, the grid-connected interlinking converter system operates under influences from both its AC and DC sides. Stability analysis for such systems often employs a hybrid AC/DC admittance model. However, the emergence of right half-plane (RHP) poles within the AC-DC coupling term can compromise the reliability of the conventional method under specific conditions. To deal with aforementioned problems, this paper introduces a sufficient and necessary condition to guarantee that the coupling term does not contain any RHP pole. Building on this, an optimal decomposition based harmonic stability analysis method is proposed, which provides two different decomposed ways that preclude potential RHP poles in the minor-loop gain. This allows for a more general and reliable analysis of the harmonic stability of the entire system. Furthermore, oscillation mechanisms associated with the coupling interaction are investigated. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through three cases using Matlab/Simulink. Results reveals that the AC-DC coupling dynamic can elevate instability risk by reducing system resistance from −2.6 to −20.4 when the AC side is stable, while decrease risk by increasing system resistance from −5.5 to −1.5 when the DC side is stable.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 4","pages":"2355-2367"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shubhangi Bhadoria, Tingzhen Ye, Shahriar Sarmast Ghahfarokhi, Chu Sun, Frans Dijkhuizen, Hans-Peter Nee
{"title":"A New Topology for Power Flow Controllers and its Protection against Faults in HVDC Grids","authors":"Shubhangi Bhadoria, Tingzhen Ye, Shahriar Sarmast Ghahfarokhi, Chu Sun, Frans Dijkhuizen, Hans-Peter Nee","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3578391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3578391","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dallas E. Cormier, Fabien Besnard, Joseph C. Potvin, Jonathan Jordan
{"title":"Distribution System Overhead Switch Bare Copper Contact Degradation: Copper Oxide Impedance, Thickness, and Composition","authors":"Dallas E. Cormier, Fabien Besnard, Joseph C. Potvin, Jonathan Jordan","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3576676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3576676","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-Unit Protection for Flexible DC Lines Based on Mirror Waveform Opening Index of Initial Forward Traveling Wave","authors":"Yanting Wang;Mingyuan Bai;Dong Liang;Baohui Zhang;Can Huang;Zhenfeng Liang","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3578366","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3578366","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible DC grid is of great significance for effective consumption of large-scale renewable energy. However, conventional traveling wave protections for DC transmission lines encounter challenges such as limited tolerance to fault resistance and susceptibility to lightning interference, leading to potential misoperations and reduced the reliability. To tackle these issues, this paper begins by deriving time-domain analytical expressions for the initial forward traveling wave (FTW) under conditions of internal faults, external faults, and lightning interference. These expressions reveal the characteristic differences of the initial FTW under each case. Subsequently, combined with the mathematical method of waveform mirroring and quadratic polynomial fitting, the non-unit protection method based on the mirror waveform opening index of the initial forward traveling wave is proposed. The method takes advantage of the differences in FTW characteristics under different conditions, theoretically unaffected by fault resistance. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protection method operates fast and accurately identifies different DC line faults and lightning interference within 1 ms, and it is able to withstand fault resistances up to 1000Ω. Furthermore, the proposed protection method is highly robust to noise conditions and is applicable to various grid topologies.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"40 4","pages":"2241-2253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}