Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical study of esodeviations in children","authors":"Suresh Ramanarao Addagarla","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.022","url":null,"abstract":"Esotropia or convergent strabismus is a common type of squint in children. The esodeviation, the refractive error and the amblyopia should be examined and treated early to achieve good cosmetic correction and to improve Visual acuity.A meticulous history of 25 children up to age of 12 years who presented with esodeviations was taken including the age of onset, duration and previous treatment. They were examined for amount and type of deviation by cover test, hirschberg corneal reflex test, Prism bar cover test and evaluated for refractive error under full cycloplegic correction, for Binocular Single Vision, diplopia, suppression and amblyopia by Worth four-dot test and RAF ruler. Ocular movements and fundus findings were recorded.11 male and 14 female children with esodeviations with age of presentation varying from 9 months to 12 years were evaluated for type of esotropia. In our study the most common type seen in 12 cases (48%) is refractive accommodative esotropia with high hypermetropia. Non-refractive accommodative esotropia greater for near with high AC/A ratio in 5 patients (20%), Partially accommodative (mixed) esotropia in 2 cases, acquired non-accommodative esotropia seen in 2 patients. 1 case each is seen in Infantile esotropia, in Sensory esotropia, in child with Duane’s retraction syndrome (DRS) and in child having cerebral visual impairment (CVI).Our study aimed to diagnose and manage the various types of esodeviations at an early age so as to maintain binocular alignment and a good Visual acuity to avoid progression to amblyopia.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOGAD: A novel disease","authors":"Z. H. Yasir, Tushar Kant Singh, Rakesh Sharma, Mukesh Kumar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.036","url":null,"abstract":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory neurological disease and a new addition to the demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system(CNS).In MOGAD, specific antibodies (MOG IgG) targeting MOG protein lead to primary demyelination in the CNS, but notably spare astrocytes. The most frequent presentation in children is ADEM and in adult ON. We present a case of 20 year old female who visited our OPD with complaints of diminution of vision with muscular weakness and strain while walking with a history of two similar episodes in the past. The clinical characteristics, laboratory investigation and neuroimaging help in diagnosis. Although the prognosis is generally favorable but severe residual disability can also occur.This underscores the importance of identifying the causes of demyelination on time and prompt treatment of this rather novel disease by judicious use of steroids based on standard protocolresulting in the general well-being of the patient. The present case therefore highlights the need to create awareness of the Clinical-Lab-Imaging characteristics of MOGAD andalso suggests the importance of making a detailed multidisciplinary approach into the cause of optic neuritis for better prognosis.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early detection of peripheral neuropathy and its correlation with retinopathy and HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","authors":"Deekshanya J, Karnam Ali H F, Roselin M, H. Prasanth, Kandasamy Ravichandran, Nayyar Iqbal","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.020","url":null,"abstract":"Screening of asymptomatic diabetes mellitus (DM) patients may reduce future complications. Despite having diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), about 50% of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) patients are asymptomatic. If diabetic neuropathy is diagnosed early, the annual cost of treating diabetic neuropathy and associated complications can be decreased. The study objectives are to identify peripheral neuropathy at an early stage and to correlate peripheral neuropathy with diabetic retinopathy and HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) in asymptomatic type 2 DM patients.: A cross-sectional analytical study was done during July and August 2022 using consecutive sampling on 105 patients who attended the General Medicine out-patient dept (OPD) at Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and the Primary Health Centre (PHC) Kalapet in Puducherry, India. Patients over 18 years old with type 2 DM, who were asymptomatic for peripheral neuropathy, and had their HbA1c levels checked within the last two months were included. Patients have undergone Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) examination, biothesiometer and monofilament testing for neuropathy and Fundus examination for retinopathy. The average age of the study participants was 54.7±11.4 yrs, and they had a male-female ratio of 6:4. The retinopathy was present in 18.1% (95% CI:11.9-26.5). The prevalence of DPN by MNSI examination was 3.8% (95% CI:1.5-9.4), monofilament testing was 21.0% (95% CI:14.3-29.7) and biothesiometer was 98.1% (95% CI:93.3-99.5). A statistically significant association between DPN measured by a biothesiometer and HbA1c (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between DR and HbA1c and between DPN measured by monofilament and HbA1c (p>0.05).The objective assessment by the biothesiometer is the best tool for detecting peripheral neuropathy at an early stage in asymptomatic type 2 DM individuals than monofilament testing.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual outcome and complications of phacoemulsification and manual small incision cataract extraction for age related cataract","authors":"Garima Agrawal, Damini Patel","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.030","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to compare visual outcome and complications of manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with posterior chamber IOL implantation (PC-IOL) and phacoemulsification with posterior chamber IOL implantation for age related cataract. The study compares the visual outcome and complications of MSICS and phacoemulsification with PC-IOL performed in 80 eyes at M & J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (M&J WRIO) Ahmedabad, by assessing post operative Best corrected Visual acuity (BCVA), Surgically Induced astigmatism (SIA) and complications. This was an Institutional based cohort interventional randomized, prospective study. MSICS and Phacoemulsification was performed on 80 eyes at M & J WRIO. The intraoperative complications were documented. The parameters that were examined on 1 postoperative day, 1 week, and 6 weeks postoperatively included uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6 weeks, intra ocular pressure by non -contact tonometry and keratometry at 6 weeks to rule out SIA.Statistical analysis was performed using chi square test. p value <0.05 was taken as significant.: MSICS & phacoemulsification had similar visual outcomes post-operatively. Phacoemulsification group produced less mean SIA (1.27 D) compared to MSICS group (1.29 D) and lesser (5%) complications than the MSICS group (10%). The comparison of all three parameters was not statistically significant between the two groups.: Visual outcomes, SIA and complications were comparably the same in MSICS & phacoemulsification. Therefore, MSICS can be excellent alternative to phacoemulsification.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pterygium – A clinicopathologic study","authors":"Sikander A K Lodhi, Priyanka Katikaneni, Sirisha Dogga, Aishwarya Pallam","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.021","url":null,"abstract":"To correlate histopathologic features with clinical types of pterygia that may influence the management strategies. Prospective clinico-pathological study. This study was conducted at Malla Reddy Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, affiliated to Malla Reddy Medical College for Women, between June 2020 and February 2022. This study comprised of 52 eyes with primary pterygium that underwent surgical excision followed by a graft. Clinical features of the pterygia like their dimensions over the ocular surface, redness (congestion), fleshiness (assessed by amount of concealment of episcleral vessels) and flattening of Plica Semilunaris were evaluated. Excised pterygia were evaluated for histopatologic characteristics like vascularity, leucocyte infiltration, subepithelial and stromal fibrosis and leucocyte infiltraton. The dimensions of the pterygium were positively correlated with the extent of redness and fleshiness. Plica semilunaris was flattened correlating with the length and width of the pterygium. Vascular density and stromal elastosis were reflected clinically in significant fleshiness of the pterygium. Histopathology, with morphological and clinical characteristics, forms the basis of the assessment of the evolution and the growth of perygium. The clinical nature of the perygium is correlated with histopathological variables.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical assessment of corneal alterations in endocrine disorders","authors":"Sharmistha Behera, Biswanath Sahu, K. Tudu, Sonali Singh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.026","url":null,"abstract":"Corneal alterations are frequent in many endocrine disorders like Grave’s ophthalmopathy and diabetes mellitus. Since early diagnosis of such a change can prevent visual impairment, it presents a challenge to an ophthalmologist.Clinical assessment & significance of corneal alterations in endocrine disorders.1. To conduct comprehensive assessment of corneal alterations in endocrine disorders. 2. To Identify specific corneal abnormalities in patients with endocrine disorders. 3. To delineate the clinical significance of corneal alterations in endocrine disorders by determining their impact on visual function and guiding therapeutic strategies.This study was a prospective, observational, hospital-based study conducted over a period of two years including 150 patients of different endocrine disorders. Ocular examination included physical examination to check for any pain on ocular movements, ophthalmoplegia, diplopia, or proptosis. Visual acuity was examined by Snellen’s chart, anterior segment by slit-lamp, intra-ocular pressure by non-contact tonometer, qualitative measurement of corneal sensation by a cotton-wisp and central corneal thickness was measured by pachymetry. Corneal endothelial cell parameters like endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation of cell area (CV), percentage of hexagonal cell (HEX) were measured by clinical specular microscope.The age range was 14 to 82 years with mean age being 48.43±14.2 years. The male to female ratio was 1.34:1. Type-2 diabetes mellitus was the most frequently encountered endocrine disorder (64.7%), followed by hypothyroidism (13.3%). Addison’s disease was the least encountered (0.7%). The most severe changes to the cornea, such as chronic epithelial abnormalities, superficial punctate keratopathy, altered corneal sensations, and dry eyes, were observed in patients with type 2 diabetes, followed by Graves’s ophthalmopathy and hypothyroidism. Patients with T2DM and T1DM had elevated CCT values, reduced endothelial cell density, abnormally high coefficient of variance and low hexagonal cells.The present study showed that different corneal alterations can be possible in endocrine disorders. So all endocrine disorders should undergo comprehensive ophthalmological examination to prevent visual impairment.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of retinopathy of prematurity with oxygen saturation in preterm babies in a tertiary care center: A noble guide","authors":"R. P. Maurya, S. Praveen, Syed Manazir Ali, Naheed Akhtar, Waris Abdul","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.009","url":null,"abstract":"To find the correlation of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with oxygen saturation among preterm babies in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary care centre. This Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 premature neonates of gestational age < 36 weeks who were on oxygen and were admitted in NICU after obtaining ethical clearance. We compare the effect of two oxygenation strategies on development of ROP in two groups. Oxygen ranged from 86-90% in one group (32 neonates) and 91-94% in another group (32 neonates). Screening of all neonates were done by one examiner. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. For categorical data, Chi-square test was used. For continuous data, Mann Witney U test were used and p- value-<0.05 was taken as significant. Among 64 babies, 32 babies were on 86-90% of oxygen, 5 babies had disease and the remaining 32 babies who were on 91-94% of oxygen, 14 babies had developed disease showed a statistically significant relationship between ROP and oxygen saturation (p=0.014). High oxygen saturation target is one of the important risk factors leading to the development of ROP. Lower oxygen saturation reduced the prevalence as well as had no deleterious effect on general health of baby. Therefore, accurate measurement of oxygen concentration by probe and proper monitoring of SpO2 levels must be done in every NICU.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetics and epigenetics of age related macular degeneration","authors":"R. P. Maurya, Surbhi Jaiswal, Shalini Ranjan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of dry eye in patients with psoriasis attending a tertiary care hospital in western Maharashtra","authors":"K. J. Dange, Kanchan Bala Rathore, Praneet Awake","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.013","url":null,"abstract":": Psoriasis affects 0.5–11.4% of adults. Psoriasis is caused by a complicated chain of immune cells and cytokines, containing tumour necrosis factors (TNF), interleukin (IL)-17, 22, and 23. Psoriasis causes systemic inflammation, which can cause arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Our study explores dry eye in Western Maharashtra's psoriasis patients at a tertiary care hospital. A tertiary care hospital outpatient dermatology and ophthalmology department psoriasis patients were included in a cross-sectional research. Patient ages spanned from 20 to 60 years. The anterior and posterior ocular segments were examined, and dry eye was assessed. OSDI, Schirmer's test, TBUT, and corneal and conjunctiva staining has been scored. The PASI score has been received. Degree of dry eye was assessed using Dews dry eye grading system. Dry eye was present in 63.1 percent of people. Cases included 24.4% with mild dryness in their eyes. Moderate dryness made up 46.3% of cases, and severe dryness made up 29.3% of cases. The PASI score and dry eye did not have a statistically significant connection (P=0.355). A PASI score of 10 to 25 indicated the most severe case of dry eye, followed by a score of 10 (29 eyes) and >25. (23 eyes). A total of 81.5 percent of eyes had abnormal OSDI scores, 56.2 percent had abnormal TBUT scores, and 49.2 percent had abnormal Schirmer Test results. Dry eye in psoriasis patients requires dermatologist-ophthalmologist teamwork for comprehensive therapy. Psoriasis, especially in long-lasting cases, can lead to meibomian gland dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of spherical equivalent determined by Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff-II (SRK-II) formula with target post-operative final refraction in patients undergoing cataract surgery","authors":"Ruchi Kabra, Krupali Raol, Hemaxi Desai, Riddhi Gajjar, Deep Panchal, R. P. Maurya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.097","url":null,"abstract":"The most challenging subject in patient satisfaction after cataract surgery depends upon post-operative refractive outcomes. Accurately predicting post-operative refraction is necessary during the calculation of Intraocular lens (IOL) power. The Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff (SRK) II formula is one of the few formulae being used for the calculation of IOL power. Our study is to compare the accuracy of the SRK-II formula with targeted final refraction of patients undergoing phacoemulsification. This study was performed on 102 eyes that underwent phacoemulsification. IOL power was calculated using the SRK-II formula. One and a half months after surgery, refraction was performed. Differences between actual post-operative refraction and predicted spherical equivalent was calculated and termed absolute refractive error. Paired t-test was used for comparing actual post-operative refraction and predicted spherical equivalent.The mean absolute error (MAE) of the SRK-II formula was 0.44 D (diopters) overall. The percentage of eyes within ±0.5 D of the predicted spherical equivalent was 81%. Patients having post-operative refractive error within ±1.0 D for short, average, and long axial length were 88% (P value 0.21), 92% (P value 0.0009), and 91% (P value 0.18) respectively.We found that the SRK-II formula was accurate and reliable for predicting the post-operative refractive error in eyes with normal axial lengths as the post-operative refraction is near emmetropia and is a good method for IOL power calculation with normal axial lengths.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}