{"title":"Optimum Nonlinear Scalar Transmitters and Receivers","authors":"J. Lechleider","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089630","url":null,"abstract":"Optimum designs are obtained for a receiver for processing scalar signals embedded in noise, a scalar transmitter in a given noise environment, and a scalar transmitter for combating noise and crosstalk. An iteration algorithm is given for determining the best combination of transmitter and receiver to combat noise; an approximate best combination is calculated in the small noise case.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127490298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Method for Calculating Phase-Locked Loop Performance Near Threshold","authors":"R. Tausworthe","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089641","url":null,"abstract":"Although several methods have evolved over the past few years for analyzing the near-threshold behavior of phaselocked devices, none so far have been able conveniently to integrate all desirable aspects of an engineering method which requires both accuracy and simplicity of formulation. This paper contains a method conceptually as simple as the linear and quasi-linear techniques, but with the added advantage that it is much more accurate near loop threshold-an accuracy, by the way, which increases as the order of the loop increases and as the loop bandwidth decreases. For the simple first-order loop, which is the one this method predicts with least fidelity, the result follows the known exact carrier tracking result with a maximum error of less than 0.08 radians in the rms phase error at system threshold. Compared to actual measurements of carrier tracking secondorder loop performance, the method provided excellent agreement, nominally within 0.05 radians at asigma^{2} = 1.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128823519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Biorthogonal and Bisimplex Codes","authors":"R. Blizard","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089628","url":null,"abstract":"A comparison is made between simplex and orthogonal codes which have been modified by adding their individual complements. The bisimplex code thus formed has reduced efficiency so that the power used must be increased to obtain the same error rate as with the same size of biorthogonal code. It is found that the power advantage of the biorthogonal code is significant only when the code words are shorter than six or seven bits.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123424869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Error Rates for Digital Signals Demodulated by an FM Discriminator","authors":"D. Schilling, E. Hoffman, E. Nelson","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089619","url":null,"abstract":"The calculation of the error rate resulting from the detection of binary frequency shift keyed (FSK) signals using an FM discriminator low-pass filter detector is described. An example is given using an alternating mark space sequence and the results compared with those obtained using a matched filter. The results indicate that in certain regions the FM discriminator low-pass filter detector yields error rates comparable to the matched filter detector, while in other regions the matched filter significantly out performs the discriminator. An error correction device is described, which when used in conjunction with the discriminator, reduces the error rate of the discriminator detector so that it more closely approaches the matched filter detector. Experimental results are presented to verify the theory.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132742946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frequency Locked Loop FM Demodulator","authors":"K. Clarke, D. Hess","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089614","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of FM demodulator, the Frequency Locked Loop (FLL) is presented. The concept employed in this class of circuits is shown to be applicable in two forms. The first form is realized at the carrier, or IF frequency, to provide an FM detector that has the properties of not requiring a limiter preceding it and also of having a threshold superior to a normal FM discriminator limiter combination. The second form of the FLL is realized at baseband. This form may be added to any existing FM receiver to provide threshold extension properties to the original receiver. In addition to discussing both versions of this new circuit arguments as to the click suppression and threshold extension properties of the circuit are presented. Detailed experimental comparisons of the new circuit with a conventional FM discriminator are made. A comparison is also drawn between the theoretically possible threshold extension of an FLL and that actually obtained with a baseband version of the FLL.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130851170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sequential decoding for efficient communication from deep space","authors":"I. Jacobs","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089625","url":null,"abstract":"A system based on sequential decoding and utilizing binary phase-shift keying and 8-level quantized decisions is proposed for deep-space communication. Theoretical analyses augmented by a program of computer Simulation promise operation within 3-4 dB of the channel capacity of an infinite bandwidth additive white Gaussian noise channel. A low probability of erasure is achieved by the suggested use of occasional off-line decoding. A negligible probability of error is readily achieved. Channel coherence is examined and quadratic and decision-directed methods of achieving a phase reference are compared. Extensive symbol interleaving is suggested and an analysis included of the required phase reference signal-to-noise ratio.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126458255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Space Diversity Receiving and Transmitting Systems for Line-of-Sight Microwave Links","authors":"H. Makino, K. Morita","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089631","url":null,"abstract":"Severe fading is a substantial factor that impairs the quality or reliability of transmission over line-of-sight microwave relay systems, producing noise bursts and signal interruptions. This paper describes space diversity receiving and transmitting systems developed by the Electrical Communication Laboratory of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone that reduce the effects of such fading. Theoretical research studies and resultant design criteria, an explanation of fundamental circuits, several example of diversity effects, and the application of the criteria to the design of line-of-sight microwave links using space diversity are described.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129274505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Air Traffic Control G/A/G Channel Loading Investigation","authors":"R. Podell, G. Scharf","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089598","url":null,"abstract":"Data and results of importance in communications systems design are presented from a recent survey characterizing GroundAir-Ground communication channels in Air Traffic Control. Channel utilization is studied because it is a measure of the controller's communication work load. Relationships between channel utilization and air traffic parameters are derived from the data for various controller positions. The utility and validatiens of the relationships are discussed. Observed channel utilization distributions, average values of contact lengths and number of contacts per aircraft, and relationships between contact lengths and air traffic parameters are also presented.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117050047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DICOSE - A New Tool for Communications Studies","authors":"H. Crowley","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089592","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a unique laboratory facility which has been set up for automated evaluation of digital communication systems. This facility contains a large scale, stored-program communication processor interconnected to a number of experimental transmitting and receiving sites and telephone transmission facilities. By interconnecting the processor and the communication facilities to experimental digital devices, it is possible to quickly perform real-time, on-line evaluation of these equipments. The stored-program processor generates the necessary test messages, analyzes transmission errors and prints out results on a continuous basis during a given test. Facilities are available for simultaneous evaluation of several equipments and transmission links operating in tandem combinations to form a communication system.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"85 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116417174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Stochastic Model of Message Interchange on a Channel With Transmission Delay","authors":"P. Brady","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1967.1089590","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a technique for analyzing the statistical behavior of a two-way communication system with transmission delay(D). Messages are transmitted and received by means of servers located at the terminal stations. IfD > 0, each server is uncertain of the present state of the other, and may initiate transmission when the other has already begun to transmit, thus causing message interference. Interference is measured as the amount of one server's transmission which arrives at the other server when it is already transmitting. The relationship between the size of the delay and the amount of interference is studied here, as well as other quantities that describe the system behavior. The exact solution is available only forD = 0, but an approximate solution is found for very smallDwith respect to the lengths of idle periods of the servers, and the asymptotic solution is obtainable for very longD. The particular communication system analyzed is a very simple one, but the mathematical technique of handling the delay can be applied to more elaborate systems.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134424066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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