{"title":"Pulse-Code Modulation to Voice Conversion - Binary Rate Multiplier Differential Pulse-Code-Modulation Decoder","authors":"C. Weller","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090791","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental and computer investigation of a 9-bit, 16-MHz binary rate multiplier (BRM) used in converting digital signals differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) to analog signals (voice) is reported in this paper. The physical electronic circuitry was provided with a stream of real-time digital samples at a 32-kHz rate from a magnetic tape which had been generated by a computer simulation. The output power spectrum of the electronic circuit was observed and compared to that of the computer calculation. Before exciting the experimental circuit with the digital samples the circuit noise in absence of signal was measured at - 11 decibels above a reference noise using a C message weighting filter (dBrnC0). Three different input signals were used to probe the BRM. Two consisted of single sine waves at various levels and in one test ten arbitrary phase superimposed sine waves were used to simulate white noise. Experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement and together demonstrate that the BRM approach is a viable technique for digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126577956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subsurface Electromagnetic Telecommunication - A Review","authors":"R. Gabillard, P. Degauque, James R. Wait","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090754","url":null,"abstract":"We present a review of the telecommunication possibilities for terminals that are buried in the earth or submerged in the sea. The important role of the operating frequency is stressed. Without being comprehensive, we discuss the relevance of the large number of theoretical papers on electromagnetic waves in conducting media. Our most important recommendation is that the highfrequency band be given more attention for telecommunication between terminals buried just beneath the air-ground interface. Also, we suggest that future research be directed towards the investigation of the frequency dependence of the conductivity and permittivity of geological materials.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121546891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonsystematic convolutional codes for sequential decoding in space applications","authors":"J. Massey, D. Costello","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090720","url":null,"abstract":"Previous space applications of sequential decoding have all employed convolutional codes of the systematic type where the information sequence itself is used as one of the encoded sequences. This paper describes a class of rate 1/2 nonsystematic convolutional codes with the following desirable properties: 1) an undetected decoding error probability verified by simulation to be much smaller than for the best systematic codes of the same constraint length; 2) computation behavior with sequential decoding verified by simulation to be virtually identical to that of the best systematic codes; 3) a \"quick-look-in\" feature that permits recovery of the information sequence from the hard-decisioned received data without decoding simply by modulo-two addition of the received sequences; and 4) suitability for encoding by simple circuitry requiring less hardware than encoders for the best systematic codes of the same constraint length. Theoretical analyses are given to show 1) that with these codes the information sequence is extracted as reliably as possible without decoding for nonsystematic codes and 2) that the constraints imposed to achieve the quicklook-in feature do not significantly limit the error-correcting ability of the codes in the sense that the Gilbert bound on minimum distance can still be attained under these constraints. These codes have been adopted for use in several forthcoming space missions.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"377 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129095936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Delta Modulator for Telephony and Its Application to the Adaptifon System - An Alternative Implementation of the Lincompex Concept","authors":"J. Betts","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090690","url":null,"abstract":"An adaptive version of the basic delta modulator employing full-width pulses andRCintegration is described. A digital technique is used to sense the slope of the input signal and to control the amplitude of the pulses supplied to theRCnetwork in the feedback loop. Subjective testing with speech signals and a modulator clock rate of 56 kbit/s has indicated a useful volume range of 40 dB for commercial telephony-grade performance. At a clock rate of 19.2 kbit/s a signal-quantization noise ratio of 16 dB has been obtained over a dynamic input range of 20 dB for an 800-Hz sine wave. Also described is an application of the adaptive delta modulator known as the Adaptifon system in which the compression and expansion circuits of Lincompex are realized by the delta modulation technique. Speech is transmitted in analog form at constant amplitude, which, together with an FM syllable rate channel, occupies the conventional 3-kHz bandwidth. The receiving system has the capability of removing fading from signals transmitted over an HF path.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115011012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subscriber Loop Multiplexer - A High Pair Gain System for Upgrading and Growth in Rural Areas","authors":"I. Mcnair","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090689","url":null,"abstract":"The subscriber loop multiplexer is a combined carrier and switching system for serving 80 main stations on 24 channels. The system has been designed for use in rural areas to handle growth and upgrading from multiparty service toward individual service. The system consists of a control terminal and up to six remote terminals located near the customers being served. The system is digital and uses a bit rate of 1.544 Mbit/s for the repeatered line interconnecting the terminals. The system has many maintenance provisions and alarms that have been economically achieved through digital integrated circuits. The test desk can initiate a series of tests on the voice frequency loop extending from the remote terminal to the customer. Delta modulation provides a simple and economic conversion between analog and digital forms. At the remote terminals each main station Served has an individual modem allowing equipment to be added as required to serve customers. The system utilizes 14 codes of beam-lead integrated circuits of which 10 are bipolar and 4 are insulated-gate field-effect transistor (IGFET). The IGFETs provide the adaptive delta modulation control and also perform the time division switching function at the remote terminals.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116011690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic Receiver Spurious Response Measurements - Some Preliminary Results","authors":"R. Huenemann, L. Chapman","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090691","url":null,"abstract":"A description of a computer operated radio-frequency automatic test system that was used to measure several spurious responses of the mixerP-Qtype in a high-frequency radio receiver is presented. Test results are given, and the choice of components for the system is discussed briefly.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114511458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance of Simple Multiplexer - Concentrators for Data Communication","authors":"H. Rudin","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090632","url":null,"abstract":"Multiplexer-concentrators (or asynchronous multiplexers) are devices used to increase the efficiency of telecommunication systems into which the flow of information is erratic. In the analysis of such systems, many assumptions about the statistical nature of the input traffic can be made. The assumptions made here are constant message length, constrained buffer size, and finite number of message sources. The numerical technique given copes with the case of multiple output trunks, and the complete statistical behavior of the system is revealed in transient as well as steady-state form. Results are given graphically which show the effect of various statistical assumptions, the transient response of the system, the behavior of the tail of the distribution of queue states, and the effect of message clustering.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122054122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Analysis of the Phase Coherent - Incoherent Output of the Bandpass Limiter","authors":"J. Springett, M. Simon","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090611","url":null,"abstract":"Many applications of the bandpass limiter (BPL) involve coherent demodulation following the limiter. It is shown that as a result of demodulation, the signal mean and the noise variance are direct functions of the phase angle between the signal component passed by the BPL and the coherent reference. As a result, the relationship between the output and input signal-to-noise ratio may be significantly different than that obtained by Davenport for incoherent limiters. A study is also made of the output noise spectral density, and an approximate expressison is derived as a function of the input signal-to-noise ratio, reference phase angle, and the characteristics of the input bandpass filter to the limiter. Also discussed is the first-order signal-plus-noise probability density following coherent demodulation.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134632963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power Allocation - Rapidly Varying Phase Error","authors":"J. Hayes, W. Lindsey","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1969.1090076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1969.1090076","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of command and telemetry systems, useful in deep-space communications, is frequently affected by the radio-frequency phase error which is introduced at the point of reception by means of the carrier tracking loop. This paper presents design trends for the case where this phase error may vary over the duration of the signaling interval, i.e., the case where the ratio of the system data rate to carrier tracking loop bandwidth is less than one. Results are given for the case of binary phase-shift keyed (PSK) signaling.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115328869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Improvement of Digital HF Communication Through Coding: II - Tandem Interleaved Cyclic Coding","authors":"K. Brayer","doi":"10.1109/TCOM.1968.1089918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1968.1089918","url":null,"abstract":"In previous work the technique of error correction of digital data through the use of interleaved cyclic codes and a set of probability functions for the evaluation of error patterns have been presented. In Part I of this paper [1] the performance of a wide range of Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes and PMsymbol codes was evaluated on representative portions of the data. Here a method (identified as tandem interleaved cyclic coding) will be presented which allows for a significant increase in error-rate improvement at a reduction in the delay time introduced into the channel. It is demonstrated that it is possible to get almost I00 percent error correction for delays under three seconds for all channel conditions measured.","PeriodicalId":134522,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132385656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}