{"title":"Cramér-Rao Bound Analysis and Beamforming Design for Integrated Sensing and Communication With Extended Targets","authors":"Yiqiu Wang;Meixia Tao;Shu Sun","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3435864","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3435864","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, where a multi-antenna base station transmits beamformed signals for joint downlink multi-user communication and radar sensing of an extended target (ET). By considering echo signals as reflections from valid elements on the ET contour, a set of novel Cramér-Rao bounds (CRBs) is derived for parameter estimation of the ET, including central range, direction, and orientation. The ISAC transmit beamforming design is then formulated as an optimization problem, aiming to minimize the CRB associated with radar sensing, while satisfying a minimum signal-to-interference-pulse-noise ratio requirement for each communication user, along with a 3-dB beam coverage constraint tailored for the ET. To solve this non-convex problem, we utilize semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and propose a rank-one solution extraction scheme for non-tight relaxation circumstances. To reduce the computation complexity, we further employ an efficient zero-forcing (ZF) based beamforming design, where the sensing task is performed in the null space of communication channels. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the obtained CRB, revealing the diverse features of CRB for differently shaped ETs. The proposed SDR beamforming design outperforms benchmark designs with lower estimation error and CRB, while the ZF beamforming design greatly improves computation efficiency with minor sensing performance loss.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"15987-16000"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Zhou;Tianyun Feng;Wenliang Zhang;Bo Ai;Liu Liu;Yiqun Liang
{"title":"A Cluster-Based Dynamic Narrow-Beam Channel Model for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communications","authors":"Tao Zhou;Tianyun Feng;Wenliang Zhang;Bo Ai;Liu Liu;Yiqun Liang","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3434677","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3434677","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications have attracted much attention in recent years due to its application in intelligent transportation systems. To apply the dynamic beamforming technology in V2I communications, an accurate V2I narrow-beam channel model is required. This paper investigates cluster-based dynamic narrow-beam channel modeling for V2I scenarios. Firstly, a phased-array antenna based channel measurement system is designed and used to perform a series of narrow-beam channel measurements at 3.35 GHz in V2I highway scenarios. Data processing methods such as beam synthesis, angle estimation based on single-scattering assumption, and variational Bayesian Gaussian mixture model clustering are applied to extract parameters of multipath components and clusters. Then, we propose a cluster-based dynamic narrow-beam channel model, which considers the directional attenuation of narrow-beam and non-stationarity of clusters. In this model, the parameters of spatial-temporal characteristics are divided into global-cluster parameters and scatterer-cluster parameters, and the statistical distribution of these parameters are studied and modeled. Finally, a simulation method for the proposed channel model is provided, and model validation results show a good match between measurements and simulations in terms of channel characteristics such as delay spread and angle spread. This model provides a better characterization of the V2I narrow-beam channel and will be useful for designing and evaluating V2I communication systems.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"15858-15871"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust Beamforming for RIS-Aided Communications: Gradient-Based Manifold Meta Learning","authors":"Fenghao Zhu;Xinquan Wang;Chongwen Huang;Zhaohui Yang;Xiaoming Chen;Ahmed Al Hammadi;Zhaoyang Zhang;Chau Yuen;Mérouane Debbah","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3435023","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3435023","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has become a promising technology to realize the programmable wireless environment via steering the incident signal in fully customizable ways. However, a major challenge in RIS-aided communication systems is the simultaneous design of the precoding matrix at the base station (BS) and the phase shifting matrix of the RIS elements. This is mainly attributed to the highly non-convex optimization space of variables at both the BS and the RIS, and the diversity of communication environments. Generally, traditional optimization methods for this problem suffer from the high complexity, while existing deep learning based methods are lacking in robustness in various scenarios. To address these issues, we introduce a gradient-based manifold meta learning method (GMML), which works without pre-training and has strong robustness for RIS-aided communications. Specifically, the proposed method fuses meta learning and manifold learning to improve the overall spectral efficiency, and reduce the overhead of the high-dimensional signal process. Unlike traditional deep learning based methods which directly take channel state information as input, GMML feeds the gradients of the precoding matrix and phase shifting matrix into neural networks. Coherently, we design a differential regulator to constrain the phase shifting matrix of the RIS. Numerical results show that the proposed GMML can improve the spectral efficiency by up to 7.31%, and speed up the convergence by 23 times faster compared to traditional approaches. Moreover, they also demonstrate remarkable robustness and adaptability in dynamic settings.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"15945-15956"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RIS-Empowered V2V Communications: Three-Dimensional Beam Domain Channel Modeling and Analysis","authors":"Wangqi Shi;Hao Jiang;Baiping Xiong;Xiao Chen;Hongming Zhang;Zhen Chen;Qingqing Wu","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3434568","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3434568","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) empowered by reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is presented for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication systems. Owing to the channel non-stationarity, spherical wavefront, and antenna configurations in RIS-empowered V2V channel, the geometry-based channel models suffer from high computational complexity, thereby leading to high hardware burden. To address this issue, a novel beam domain channel model (BDCM) is generated from the proposed geometry-based channel model through a beamforming operation based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT). To describe the non-stationarities of the V2V channels empowered by RIS, the channel model presented in this paper introduces real-time velocities and accelerations to capture the motion features of the communication terminals. The propagation characteristics including spatial cross-correlation functions (CCFs), temporal autocorrelation functions (ACFs), frequency correlation functions (FCFs), and channel capacities of the proposed communication system are derived and discussed. Some comparisons between the propagation characteristics of the proposed GBSM and those based on BDCM with respect to the different physical parameters of RIS and different environmental variables are investigated. Furthermore, numerical results indicate that the proposed channel model works well by changing the velocity parameters in different motion states.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"15844-15857"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo Ramírez-Espinosa;David Morales-Jimenez;Kai-Kit Wong
{"title":"A New Spatial Block-Correlation Model for Fluid Antenna Systems","authors":"Pablo Ramírez-Espinosa;David Morales-Jimenez;Kai-Kit Wong","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3434509","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3434509","url":null,"abstract":"Powered by position-flexible antennas, the emerging fluid antenna system (FAS) technology is postulated as a key enabler for massive connectivity in 6G networks. The free movement of antenna elements enables the opportunistic minimization of interference, allowing several users to share the same radio channel without the need of precoding. However, the true potential of FAS is still unknown due to the extremely high spatial correlation of the wireless channel between very close-by antenna positions. To unveil the multiplexing capabilities of FAS, proper (simple yet accurate) modeling of the spatial correlation is prominently needed. Realistic classical models such as Jakes’s are prohibitively complex, rendering intractable analyses, while state-of-the-art approximations often are too simplistic and poorly accurate. Aiming to fill this gap, we here propose a general framework to approximate spatial correlation by block-diagonal matrices, motivated by the well-known block fading assumption and by statistical results on large correlation matrices. The proposed block-correlation model makes the performance analysis possible, and tightly approximates the results obtained with realistic models (Jakes’s and Clarke’s). Our framework is leveraged to analyze fluid antenna multiple access (FAMA) systems, evaluating their performance for both one- and two-dimensional fluid antennas.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"15829-15843"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10623405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Peng;Peng Li;Xinyi Wu;Kai Luo;Gan Zheng;Dong Li
{"title":"Under-Determined DOA Estimation: A Method Based on Higher-Order Statistics and Non-Uniform Arrays","authors":"Wei Peng;Peng Li;Xinyi Wu;Kai Luo;Gan Zheng;Dong Li","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3434981","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3434981","url":null,"abstract":"Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is widely used in many applications. Traditional DOA estimation generally adopts the second-order statistics and the uniform linear array (ULA) structure. However, the second-order statistics and the uniform array structure restrict the number of DOAs that can be accurately estimated. In addition, the performance of the second-order statistics-based methods is sensitive to noise. As the wireless environment is becoming increasingly complex with the advent of the 5G era, the propagation channel can be composed of numerous paths. When the number of paths exceeds the size of the antenna array, DOA estimation becomes an under-determined problem, which the second-order statistics-based traditional methods fail to deal with. In order to address the under-determined DOA estimation problem, this paper proposes a method based on higher-order statistics and non-uniform array structure. Higher-order statistics-based methods can not only expand the array aperture, but also suppress the additive Gaussian noise. However, if combined with a uniform array structure, the degrees of freedom of the expanded array is limited. Therefore, we further adopt a non-uniform array structure and optimize its structure. Consequently, the proposed method is capable of achieving \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$M^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-level DOA estimation with an M-element array, while simultaneously providing good robustness to noise. For instance, using the proposed method, the DOAs of 20 incoming wave directions can be accurately estimated with a 6-antenna non-uniform array when the signal-to-noise ratio is as low as 0 dB.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"15903-15914"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Ding;Qingqing Zhang;Weidang Lu;Nan Zhao;Arumugam Nallanathan;Xianbin Wang;Xiaoniu Yang
{"title":"Collaborative Communication and Computation for Secure UAV-Enabled MEC Against Active Aerial Eavesdropping","authors":"Yu Ding;Qingqing Zhang;Weidang Lu;Nan Zhao;Arumugam Nallanathan;Xianbin Wang;Xiaoniu Yang","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3435017","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3435017","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled mobile edge computing (MEC) can provide flexible computing service for terminal-devices (TDs). However, malicious active aerial eavesdroppers can perform air-to-ground eavesdropping and air-to-air attacking, which makes TDs’ tasks offloading computation more vulnerable, posing significantly secure threats to UAV-enabled MEC. To overcome this challenge, we aim to design collaborative communication and computation schemes for the secure UAV-enabled MEC system, where an active aerial eavesdropper is capable of wiretapping the tasks information offloaded from TDs and transmitting attack signals to the legitimate network. The total weighted energy consumption of the system is minimized via optimizing time allocation, transmit power, local and offloading computation bits, as well as UAV trajectory. First, considering the given number of computational tasks of TDs, a block coordinate descent (BCD)-based scheme is proposed to decompose the original multi-variables-coupling and close-form-lacking problem into several tractable subproblems that can be addressed by iterations. Next, considering that there are dynamic and random tasks arriving to TDs’ original tasks, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based scheme is proposed to maintain the stability of tasks, where the solution of computation, communication and trajectory optimization is intelligently obtained by adopting double-deep Q-learning (DDQN). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes outperform the respective benchmarks for secure UAV-enabled MEC against active aerial eavesdropping.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"15915-15929"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tian Tian;Agastya Raj;Bruno Missi Xavier;Ying Zhang;Fei-Yun Wu;Kunde Yang
{"title":"A Multi-Task Learning Framework for Underwater Acoustic Channel Prediction: Performance Analysis on Real-World Data","authors":"Tian Tian;Agastya Raj;Bruno Missi Xavier;Ying Zhang;Fei-Yun Wu;Kunde Yang","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3435018","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3435018","url":null,"abstract":"In the rapidly advancing field of Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC), channel prediction remains a major challenge, exacerbated by the complicated nature of ocean environments. This paper introduces an innovative Multi- Task Learning (MTL) framework for time-varying Underwater Acoustic (UWA) channel prediction. By decomposing the highdimensional Channel Impulse Response (CIR) prediction into interconnected tasks, the proposed framework leverages a Shared Feature Learning (SFL) layer, capturing intricate dependencies underlying UWA channels. To validate its efficacy, we conducted thorough evaluations, leveraging real-world data from two distinct at-sea experiments conducted in Wuyuan Bay, China. A comprehensive comparative study of various configurations for the SFL layer, ranging from commonly used Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)-based models to the more advanced transformer structure, further underscores the flexibility and broad applicability of our MTL framework for handling various challenging UWA environments.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"15930-15944"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingbo Zhao;Zhaoming Lu;J. Andrew Zhang;Weicai Li;Yifeng Xiong;Zijun Han;Xiangming Wen;Tao Gu
{"title":"Performance Bounds for Passive Sensing in Asynchronous ISAC Systems","authors":"Jingbo Zhao;Zhaoming Lu;J. Andrew Zhang;Weicai Li;Yifeng Xiong;Zijun Han;Xiangming Wen;Tao Gu","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3434704","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3434704","url":null,"abstract":"Sensing in Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) systems with clock asynchronism between the transmitter and receiver poses significant challenges. Understanding the fundamental limits of sensing performance in such setups, which remain largely unknown, is crucial. This paper investigates the sensing performance bounds in the presence of clock asynchronism. In both single-carrier and multi-carrier models, we derive the Cramér-Rao bounds (CRB) for estimating dynamic channel path parameters including angle of arrival, delay, and complex gain sequence (CGS). Through mathematical analyses and numerical simulations, we conduct a comprehensive study on how these bounds depend on various system parameters and the impact of clock asynchronism. Our findings highlight the degradation of parameter estimation performance due to clock asynchronism and reveal low-accuracy zones for CGS estimation in strong-line-of-sight scenarios. Additionally, we observe asymptotic mitigation in performance degradation with larger bandwidth, providing valuable insights for system design and optimization.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"15872-15887"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Goal-Oriented Wireless Communication Resource Allocation for Cyber-Physical Systems","authors":"Cheng Feng;Kedi Zheng;Yi Wang;Kaibin Huang;Qixin Chen","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3432918","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3432918","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of novel industrial applications at the wireless edge, such as smart grids and vehicle networks, demands the advancement of cyber-physical systems (CPSs). The performance of CPSs is closely linked to the last-mile wireless communication networks, which often become bottlenecks due to their inherent limited resources. Current CPS operations often treat wireless communication networks as unpredictable and uncontrollable variables, ignoring the potential adaptability of wireless networks, which results in inefficient and overly conservative CPS operations. Meanwhile, current wireless communications often focus more on throughput and other transmission-related metrics instead of CPS goals. In this study, we introduce the framework of goal-oriented wireless communication resource allocations, accounting for the semantics and significance of data for CPS operation goals. This guarantees optimal CPS performance from a cybernetic standpoint. We formulate a bandwidth allocation problem aimed at maximizing the information utility gain of transmitted data brought to CPS operation goals. Since the goal-oriented bandwidth allocation problem is a large-scale combinational problem, we propose a divide-and-conquer and greedy solution algorithm. The information utility gain is first approximately decomposed into marginal utility information gains and computed in a parallel manner. Subsequently, the bandwidth allocation problem is reformulated as a knapsack problem, which can be further solved greedily with a guaranteed sub-optimality gap. We further demonstrate how our proposed goal-oriented bandwidth allocation algorithm can be applied in four potential CPS applications, including data-driven decision-making, edge learning, federated learning, and distributed optimization. Through simulations, we confirm the effectiveness of our proposed goal-oriented bandwidth allocation framework in meeting CPS goals.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"15768-15783"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}