IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications最新文献

{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Predictive Bidirectional Beamforming in ISAC-Enabled UAV Networks","authors":"Jinghan Xu;Xiaotian Zhou;Haixia Zhang;Yueheng Li","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3664980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2026.3664980","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) empowered predictive beamforming design for Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) assisted networks, where the ground Base Station (BS) explores the echoes of communication signal for real-time UAV tracking. To ensure practicality and generalizability, we establish a random UAV mobility model incorporating position fluctuations and attitude variations during flight, which poses challenges to accurate UAV tracking. To address this, we propose Historical Echoes-based Convolutional Time Attention Network (HECTA-Net), a novel deep learning framework for end-to-end beamforming prediction. The proposed HECTA-Net integrates Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) to jointly extract the spatio-temporal features from historical ISAC echoes across multiple time slots, where the attention mechanism is also embedded to dynamically identify and weight the critical time slots. Thus it enables accurate prediction on the transmit and receive beamforming matrices. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the robustness and performance of proposed scheme. Results demonstrate that the proposed HECTA-Net outperforms the other state-of-art baselines, with its performance closely approaching the theoretical upper bound even in the high randomized UAV motion patterns.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"25 ","pages":"12230-12245"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutual Coupling-Aware Hybrid Beamforming for Densely Packed MIMO Metasurface","authors":"Yuqing Guo;Xufeng Guo;Ying Wang","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3663602","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3663602","url":null,"abstract":"The mutual coupling (MC) effect refers to the phenomenon where the voltage on one antenna element induces excitation currents on nearby antenna elements. This paper initially derives precise MC matrices grounded in meticulous circuit and antenna theories, unveiling the asymmetry of MC effects between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). This asymmetry arises from the fact that the transmitted signal is the voltage on the antenna elements, whereas the received signal represents the voltage input to the low-noise amplifiers (LNAs). Upon this approach, an MC-aware hybrid beamforming methodology is introduced to mitigate distortions in radiation patterns precipitated by MC effects. Furthermore, we undertake comprehensive performance analysis across various antenna topologies, including rectangular, hexagonal, circular, and concentric circular configurations. Simulation results substantiate the necessity for addressing MC effects and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed MC-aware hybrid beamforming methodology. Moreover, these results indicate that MC effects can enhance the capacity under certain antenna separations and topologies, highlighting that MC effects are not merely detrimental but potentially beneficial in densely-packed MIMO.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"25 ","pages":"12630-12645"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146230627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Sustainable Active Metasurface (SAM): Reliable and Secure Communications","authors":"Kunrui Cao;Siyu Xu;Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis;Chenhao Yang;Beixiong Zheng;Xingwang Li;Chau Yuen","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3663622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2026.3663622","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new concept of self-sustainable active metasurface (SAM), which exploits the dual advantages of energy harvesting in terms of self-sustainability and active metasurface in terms of information transmission, to achieve continuous operation and flexible deployment for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and simultaneously mitigate its multiplicative fading. SAM can enhance incident signals via power amplifiers and achieve self-sustainability by harvesting ambient energy. We propose three operation schemes to implement energy harvesting and information transmission for SAM, namely, time-switching based SAM (TS-SAM), power-splitting based SAM (PS-SAM), and element-splitting based SAM (ES-SAM). Then, we propose three new metrics, namely, energy-information outage probability (EIOP), energy-information intercept probability (EIIP), and secure energy efficiency ratio (SEER). The accurate and asymptotic EIOP and EIIP as well as accurate SEER for the three proposed schemes are analyzed, respectively. The results show that compared to self-sustainable passive RIS, TS-SAM and ES-SAM have better EIOPs, and PS-SAM has a better EIIP. Among the three schemes, PS-SAM achieves the best EIOP at low RF energy, while TS-SAM and ES-SAM perform better in high-energy scenarios. For EIIP, PS-SAM outperforms the other two schemes. In particular, compared to self-sustainable passive RIS, TS-SAM and ES-SAM have better SEERs, verifying the superiority of the proposed TS-SAM and ES-SAM. Among all inter-node distances, the distance between user and SAM dominates the performance. When the harvested energy and the number of reflecting elements are sufficiently large, the EIOP and EIIP of TS-SAM and ES-SAM are unrelated to the amplification factor of SAM.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"25 ","pages":"12325-12340"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Energy Efficient Design of Hybrid NOMA Based on Hybrid SIC With Power Adaptation","authors":"Ning Wang;Chenyu Zhang;Yanshi Sun;Minghui Min;Yuanwei Liu;Shiyin Li","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3663734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2026.3663734","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid non-orthogonal multiple access (H-NOMA) technology, which combines the benefits of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) through flexible resource allocation in a single transmission, has shown great potential for enhancing the performance of wireless communication systems. To further exploit the potential of H-NOMA, this paper proposes a novel design of H-NOMA which jointly incorporates hybrid successive interference cancellation (HSIC) and power adaptation (PA) in the NOMA transmission phase, by introducing a power adaptation factor <inline-formula> <tex-math>$gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. For a given power reducing coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math>$beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which ensures that the energy consumption of the proposed scheme is lower than that of conventional OMA, the probability that the achievable rate of the proposed HSIC-PA aided H-NOMA scheme fails to outperform its OMA counterpart is derived in closed form. Besides, the impact of user pairing is considered. Furthermore, the asymptotic analysis shows that the aforementioned probability of the proposed H-NOMA scheme can approach zero in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime without constraints on either users’ target rates or transmit power. By dynamically adjusting the transmission power of the opportunistic user and the decoding order of HSIC, signal interference between the legacy user and the opportunistic user can be effectively controlled, thereby improving the achievable rate and energy efficiency of the opportunistic user. This represents a significant improvement over conventional H-NOMA schemes, which require specific restrictive conditions to make the probability that their achievable rate underperforms OMA approach zero at high SNR, as shown in existing work. The above observation indicates that, with lower energy consumption, the proposed HSIC-PA aided H-NOMA can achieve a higher data rate than pure OMA with probability 1 at high SNR, leading to improved energy efficiency. Finally, numerical results are provided to verify the accuracy of the analysis and also to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed H-NOMA scheme.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"25 ","pages":"12180-12196"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situation-Aware Hybrid Sensing and Position Control for UAV-Assisted ISAC Systems","authors":"Ling Lyu;Qirui Luo;Yanpeng Dai;Nan Cheng;Cailian Chen;Xinping Guan;Xuemin Shen","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3661956","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3661956","url":null,"abstract":"The high flexibility and controllable mobility of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) make it possible to construct the line-of-sight transmission link between devices in plant and the remote center, where the channel state condition heavily depends on the position of UAV. In this work, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is adopted to simultaneously perform position awareness and data transmission with limited radio resources. In particular, a situation-aware hybrid sensing pattern is proposed to reduce energy consumption and the interference of sensing to communication. In this hybrid pattern, the sensing function is activated on demand based on the channel state condition that is heavily affected by the position of UAV. Besides, the position control of UAV is performed based on the sensing result to further improve the transmission rate. Then, a joint optimization problem of beamforming design and power allocation is formulated to maximize energy efficiency. To solve this mixed integer nonlinear problem, the original problem is decomposed into subproblems in Phase I and Phase II. Finally, the golden-section based Dinkelbach algorithm and the penalty based approximation algorithm are proposed to solve the Phase I subproblem with the fractional objective function and rank-one constraints. Moreover, a quadratic transform enabled joint design of remote center beamforming and UAV transmit power is proposed to solve the Phase II subproblem. Simulation results verify that the proposed UAV-assisted integration of sensing, communication, and control approach outperforms compared approaches regarding data volume and energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"25 ","pages":"12197-12213"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146205404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Stage Coded-Sliding Beam Training and QoS-Constrained Sum-Rate Maximization for SIM-Assisted Wireless Communications","authors":"Qian Zhang;Ju Liu;Yao Ge;Yufei Zhao;Wali Ullah Khan;Zheng Dong;Yong Liang Guan;Chau Yuen","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3661858","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3661858","url":null,"abstract":"Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) provide a cost-effective and scalable solution for large-scale antenna communications. However, efficient channel state information acquisition and phase shift optimization remain critical challenges. In this paper, we develop a unified framework of low-complexity algorithms for SIM-assisted communication systems to address these issues. Specifically, we propose a generalized two-step codebook construction (TSCC) method that leverages two-dimensional angular-domain decoupling to transform planar array beamformer design into two independent one-dimensional linear array beamformer design problems, efficiently solved via the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm and our proposed majorization–minimization-based proximal-distance (PDMM) algorithm. We further develop a two-stage coded-sliding beam training (TSCSBT) method for low-overhead and high-accuracy beam training, where error-correcting codes are embedded in the first-stage training to enhance robustness against noise, and sliding sampling is subsequently performed around the matched angular samples to improve angular resolution. The proposed framework is further extended to multi-path user channels. Finally, a variable decoupling-based block successive upper bound minimization (VD-BSUM) algorithm is proposed to directly solve the QoS-constrained sum-rate maximization problem through closed-form iterative updates with substantially reduced computational complexity. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in achieving precise beam pattern realization, improved beam training accuracy and angular resolution, and enhanced sum-rate performance.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"25 ","pages":"12162-12179"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146169818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optoelectronic Base Station for Wireless Communications","authors":"Xiaofeng Su;Jian Song;Jintao Wang;Xun Guan;Yuhan Dong","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3660700","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3660700","url":null,"abstract":"To overcome the performance limitations and computational complexity induced by the unimodular constraint in conventional hybrid precoding designs, this paper proposes a novel optoelectronic base station (OE-BS) architecture, replacing the traditional phase shifter network with an optical network. The proposed OE-BS architecture facilitates simultaneous amplitude and phase control in the analog domain, effectively eliminating the unimodular constraint and significantly enhancing the design flexibility. Based on the proposed OE-BS architecture, a closed-form hybrid precoding solution is first derived for narrowband systems, thus avoiding iterative optimization procedures. For wideband systems, a user-selective hybrid precoding algorithm is developed, where the digital precoder is designed according to the zero-forcing criterion, and the analog precoder and power allocation are jointly optimized using an alternating optimization method. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed OE-BS schemes outperform conventional methods in both narrowband and wideband scenarios, enhancing overall system performance while reducing computational complexity.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"25 ","pages":"12581-12596"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146161346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tri-Hybrid Beamforming for Radiation-Center Reconfigurable Antenna Array: Spectral Efficiency and Energy Efficiency","authors":"Yinchen Li;Chenhao Qi;Shiwen Mao;Octavia A. Dobre","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3661280","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3661280","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a tri-hybrid beamforming (THBF) architecture based on the radiation-center (RC) reconfigurable antenna array (RCRAA), including the digital beamforming, analog beamforming, and electromagnetic (EM) beamforming, where the EM beamformer design is modeled as RC selection. Aiming at spectral efficiency (SE) maximization subject to the hardware and power consumption constraints, we propose a tri-loop alternating optimization (TLAO) scheme for the THBF design, where the digital and analog beamformers are optimized based on the penalty dual decomposition in the inner and middle loops, and the RC selection is determined through the coordinate descent method in the outer loop. Aiming at energy-efficiency (EE) maximization, we develop a dual quadratic transform-based fractional programming (DQTFP) scheme, where the TLAO scheme is readily used for the THBF design. To reduce the computational complexity, we propose the Lagrange dual transform-based fractional programming (LDTFP) scheme, where each iteration has a closed-form solution. Simulation results demonstrate the great potential of the RCRAA in improving both SE and EE. Compared to the DQTFP scheme, the LDTFP scheme significantly reduces the computational complexity with only minor performance loss.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"25 ","pages":"12263-12278"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146161351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot Resource Management for Channel Estimation Error Reduction in Digital Twin-Assisted User-Centric Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks","authors":"Manobendu Sarker;Md. Zoheb Hassan;Georges Kaddoum;Abraham O. Fapojuwo","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3660875","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3660875","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses channel estimation error (CEE) mitigation in user-centric cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems under pilot contamination (PC). To suppress the PC, we formulate an optimization problem to minimize the normalized CEE through the joint treatment of the pilot power allocation and the pilot assignment. However, the NP-hard nature of the problem makes finding a globally optimal solution computationally infeasible. To tackle this challenge, we decompose the problem into two sub-problems: the fractional programming (FP) technique is employed for pilot power allocation, and a multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) approach is applied for pilot assignment. The RL-based scheme, however, involves iterative action generation and reward computation, leading to significant overhead from repeated information exchanges. To mitigate this issue, we leverage a digital twin (DT) of the CF mMIMO system, utilizing its virtual environment and contextual awareness to optimize CEE reduction with minimal overhead. By employing closed-form expressions, the proposed schemes achieve computational efficiency without reliance on complex numerical solvers. Finally, we solve the original NP-hard problem via the block-coordinate descent and sequential optimization methods. Numerical evaluations demonstrate that the proposed FP-based pilot power allocation scheme improves the 95%-likely spectral efficiency (SE) by up to 15% and reduces the average pilot transmission power by up to 83% compared to existing methods. Furthermore, the pilot assignment scheme enhances the average SE performance by up to 7.4% over state-of-the-art pilot assignment approaches. These results validate the effectiveness of our proposed framework in reducing CEE, leading to improvement in system performance in the presence of PC.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"25 ","pages":"11866-11882"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146161355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DFT-Based Near-Field Beam Alignment: Model-Based and Data-Driven Hybrid Approach","authors":"Hongjun Heo;Wan Choi","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3660717","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2026.3660717","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate beam alignment is a critical challenge in extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems, especially in the near-field regime, where conventional far-field assumptions no longer hold. While 2D polar-domain codebooks can capture near-field effects, they incur high time and computational complexity. To address this, we propose a novel line-of-sight (LoS) near-field beam alignment scheme that reuses the conventional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebook, commonly employed in far-field systems, ensuring backward compatibility without modifying the beam set. By introducing a new method to analyze the energy spread effect, we define the concept of an <inline-formula> <tex-math>$epsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-approximated signal subspace, spanned by DFT vectors that exhibit significant correlation with the near-field channel vector. Building on this analysis, the proposed hybrid scheme integrates model-based principles with data-driven techniques, using DFT properties for efficient coarse alignment and a deep neural network (DNN)-aided fine alignment in a reduced search space. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that the proposed scheme attains higher alignment accuracy than existing methods, while providing substantial reductions in both computational load and neural network model size. These advantages make it well suited for practical large-scale near-field deployments.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"25 ","pages":"11850-11865"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146161372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}