Yan Yang;Shuping Dang;Miaowen Wen;Bo Ai;Rose Qingyang Hu
{"title":"Blockage-Aware Robust Beamforming in RIS-Aided Mobile Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems","authors":"Yan Yang;Shuping Dang;Miaowen Wen;Bo Ai;Rose Qingyang Hu","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447895","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447895","url":null,"abstract":"Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications are sensitive to blockage over radio propagation paths. The emerging paradigm of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has the potential to overcome this issue by its ability to arbitrarily reflect the incident signals toward desired directions. This paper proposes a Neyman-Pearson (NP) criterion-based blockage-aware algorithm to improve communication resilience against blockage in mobile mmWave multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. By virtue of this pragmatic blockage-aware technique, we further propose an outage-constrained beamforming design for downlink mmWave MIMO transmission to achieve outage probability minimization and achievable rate maximization. To minimize the outage probability, a robust RIS beamformer with variant beamwidth is designed to combat uncertain channel state information (CSI). For the rate maximization problem, an accelerated projected gradient descent (PGD) algorithm is developed to solve the computational challenge of high-dimensional RIS phase-shift matrix (PSM) optimization. Particularly, we leverage a subspace constraint to reduce the scope of the projection operation and formulate a new Nesterov momentum acceleration scheme to speed up the convergence process of PGD. Extensive experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed blockage-aware approach, and the proposed accelerated PGD algorithm outperforms a number of representative baseline algorithms in terms of the achievable rate.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"16906-16921"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rethinking Clustered Federated Learning in NOMA Enhanced Wireless Networks","authors":"Yushen Lin;Kaidi Wang;Zhiguo Ding","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447833","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447833","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the benefits of integrating the novel clustered federated learning (CFL) approach with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) under non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) datasets, where multiple devices participate in the aggregation with time limitations and a finite number of sub-channels. A detailed theoretical analysis of the generalization gap that measures the degree of non-IID in the data distribution is presented. Following that, solutions to address the challenges posed by non-IID conditions are proposed with the analysis of the properties. Specifically, users’ data distributions are parameterized as concentration parameters and grouped using spectral clustering, with Dirichlet distribution serving as the prior. The investigation into the generalization gap and convergence rate guides the design of sub-channel assignments through the matching-based algorithm, and the power allocation is achieved by Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions with the derived closed-form solution. The extensive simulation results show that the proposed cluster-based FL framework can outperform FL baselines in terms of both test accuracy and convergence rate. Moreover, jointly optimizing sub-channel and power allocation in NOMA-enhanced networks can lead to a significant improvement.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"16875-16890"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enabled Downlink NOMA","authors":"Ali Tugberk Dogukan;Emre Arslan;Ertugrul Basar","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3448246","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3448246","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) bring great potential to the advancement of 6G and beyond wireless communication technologies. RISs introduce a great degree of flexibility, allowing some sort of virtual control over the wireless channel. Exploiting the flexibility introduced by RISs, we propose a novel RIS-enabled downlink (DL) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme where NOMA is enabled over-the-air rather than at the base station (BS) or the receiver (Rx). Here, the RIS is partitioned into distinctive groups where each part of the RIS serves a different user equipment (UE) to perform multiple accessing. The BS transmits an unmodulated signal to the RIS, and each partition modulates the impinging signal over-the-air by introducing a phase shift according to the incoming information bits to serve the corresponding UE. First, the end-to-end system model for the proposed system is presented. Furthermore, outage probability calculations, theoretical error probability analysis, and bit error rate (BER) derivations are discussed and reinforced with comprehensive computer simulation results.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"16950-16961"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic ISAC Beamforming Design for UAV-Enabled Vehicular Networks","authors":"Xiaowei Pang;Shaoyong Guo;Jie Tang;Nan Zhao;Naofal Al-Dhahir","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447779","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447779","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as aerial platforms to provide both sensing and communication services is envisioned as a promising paradigm, due to their inherent flexibility and maneuverability. In this paper, we propose a UAV-enabled sensing-assisted communication scheme for vehicular networks using the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technique. Specifically, we consider the geometry of vehicles as extended targets with multiple resolvable scatters and adjust beamwidth to cover the entire vehicle in the ISAC duration. Based on the reflected signals, the UAV can predict the state of vehicle, which is then exploited to generate tailored beams to effectively track the vehicle. To address the asymmetric sensing and communication requirements, a three-stage ISAC scheme with dynamic sensing duration and frequency is proposed according to the communication/sensing performance in real time. The initial state of vehicle is estimated in the first stage, followed by the use of ISAC wide beams in the second stage to achieve the vehicle coverage, employing an extended Kalman filtering (EKF) approach for state tracking and prediction. In the third stage, the UAV selectively transmits either an ISAC beam or a communication-only beam based on monitored sensing and communication performance metrics. Finally, simulation results are provided to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed scheme as compared to other benchmarks and also shed light on the tradeoff between communication and sensing.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"16852-16864"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regularized Multi-Label Learning Empowered Joint Activity Recognition and Indoor Localization With CSI Fingerprints","authors":"Yu Wang;Haitao Zhao;Tomoaki Ohtsuki;Hikmet Sari;Guan Gui","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447786","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447786","url":null,"abstract":"Contactless Wi-Fi sensing, using channel state information (CSI) fingerprints, plays a pivotal role in communication, smart healthcare, and industrial automation. Deep learning has revolutionized the efficiency of non-contact sensing technology. Owing to its robust feature extraction capabilities and the interconnectedness of diverse sensing tasks, methods that address multiple tasks at once, like joint activity recognition and indoor localization (JARIL), have gained prominence. The primary goal of JARIL is to improve performance while reducing computational demands. Nevertheless, there remains substantial potential for enhancing its effectiveness through additional refinement and optimization measures. To address this, we introduce a regularized multi-label learning (RML) framework specifically designed for JARIL. This framework combines a parameter-efficient backbone network based on multi-scale separable convolution with residual connections, and a regularization training strategy. The latter strategy boosts performance by linearly combining two distinct CSI samples with their labels, creating new training instances in the training process. Simulation results show that the proposed method boasts a recognition accuracy of 91.73% and a localization precision of 99.64%. This marks an improvement of 4.32% and 3.60% respectively, in comparison to the prior ResNet1D+-based JARIL method. The codes can be downloaded from \u0000<uri>https://github.com/BeechburgPieStar/JARIL</uri>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"16865-16874"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces as Spatial Filters","authors":"Sotiris Droulias;Giorgos Stratidakis;Emil Björnson;Angeliki Alexiou","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447910","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447910","url":null,"abstract":"The design of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) is typically based on treating the RIS as an infinitely large surface that steers incident plane waves toward the desired direction. In practical implementations, however, the RIS has finite size and the incident wave is a beam of finite k-content, rather than a plane wave of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-like k-content. To understand the implications of the finite extent of both the RIS and the incident beam, here we treat the RIS as a spatial filter, the transfer function of which is determined by both the prescribed RIS operation and the shape of the RIS boundary. Following this approach, we study how the RIS transforms the incident k-content and we demonstrate how, by engineering the RIS shape, size, and response, it is possible to shape beams with nontrivial k-content to suppress unwanted interference, while concentrating the reflected power to desired directions. We also demonstrate how our framework, when applied in the context of near-field communications, provides the necessary insights into how the wavefront of the beam is tailored to enable focusing, propagation with invariant profile, and bending, beyond conventional beamforming.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"16922-16934"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong-Hyun Jung;Hongjae Nam;Junil Choi;David J. Love
{"title":"Modeling and Analysis of GEO Satellite Networks","authors":"Dong-Hyun Jung;Hongjae Nam;Junil Choi;David J. Love","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447229","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447229","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive coverage offered by satellites makes them effective in enhancing service continuity for users on dynamic airborne and maritime platforms, such as airplanes and ships. In particular, geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) satellites ensure stable connectivity for terrestrial users due to their stationary characteristics when observed from Earth. This paper introduces a novel approach to model and analyze GEO satellite networks using stochastic geometry. We model the distribution of GEO satellites in the geostationary orbit according to a binomial point process (BPP) and examine satellite visibility depending on the terminal’s latitude. Then, we identify potential distribution cases for GEO satellites and derive case probabilities based on the properties of the BPP. We also obtain the distance distributions between the terminal and GEO satellites and derive the coverage probability of the network. We further approximate the derived expressions using the Poisson limit theorem. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to validate the analytical findings, demonstrating a strong alignment between the analyses and simulations. The simplified analytical results can be used to estimate the coverage performance of GEO satellite networks by effectively modeling the positions of GEO satellites.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"16757-16770"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Throughput Maximization of Dynamic TDD Networks With a Full-Duplex UAV-BS","authors":"Qian Ding;Chunbo Luo;Haifen Yang;Yang Luo","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447350","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3447350","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic time division duplex (D-TDD) is a promising technology for the future networks, enabling communication nodes to change uplink and downlink traffic opportunistically in the time domain to improve communication resource management. In this article, we propose an innovative system architecture where a full-duplex unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) serves as a base station (BS) to enhance the performance of D-TDD networks composed of multiple full-duplex ground users and provides essential mobility and duplexing flexibility. We theoretically and numerically analyze two typical communication scenarios under this architecture, namely single transceiver pair (single-pair case) and multiple transceiver pairs (multi-pair case), at any time slot. In the single-pair case, the full-duplex UAV-BS communicates with at most one uplink user and one downlink user at the same time. In the multi-pair case, the UAV-BS supports multiple uplink and downlink users simultaneously. We formulate the throughput optimization problems for each case by jointly considering the uplink/downlink scheduling, power allocation, energy consumption and UAV-BS trajectory. Efficient algorithms are developed to deal with the non-convex problems and proved to be convergent. In addition, extensive simulation results show that our algorithms can cater to asymmetric uplink and downlink traffic and outperform other competitive benchmarks.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"16821-16835"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Timely Remote Control in Wireless Cyber-Physical System With Multiple Processes: A Cross-Time Slot Scheduling Policy","authors":"Yifei Qiu;Shaohua Wu;Ying Wang;Ye Wang;Qinyu Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3445977","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3445977","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates a wireless remote control problem in cyber-physical system (CPS) with multiple processes. In the system, sensors collect the state information of each process and transmit it to the controller through wireless channels. The communication constraints, including transmission delays, packet loss, and bandwidth limitation, are taken into account. To evaluate control timeliness for each process, this paper adopts the concept of age of information (AoI) in the context of closed-loop control. Meanwhile, to strike a tradeoff between transmission delay and outage, this paper introduces an innovative cross-slot scheduling policy not covered in existing literature, which can freely allocate transmission time and occupancy bandwidth. We prove that the scheduling problem in bandwidth limited remote control is an NP-hard problem, and establish the optimization problem as a Markov decision process (MDP) problem. The Deep-Double-Dueling-Q-Learning (D3QN) algorithm is employed to approximate the optimal scheduling policy for the scenario where the channel information is unknown and the system is model-free. By extensive simulations, the proposed cross-time slot scheduling policy demonstrates superior effectiveness in allocating time-frequency resources and achieving outstanding results.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"16697-16710"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Communication-Learning Co-Design for Differentially Private Over-the-Air Federated Learning With Device Sampling","authors":"Zihao Hu;Jia Yan;Ying-Jun Angela Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3446669","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TWC.2024.3446669","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have witnessed the development of federated learning (FL) that allows wireless devices (WDs) to collaboratively learn a global model under the coordination of a parameter server without sharing their local datasets. To meet the communication efficiency and privacy requirements, over-the-air computation and differential privacy (DP) have been incorporated in FL by leveraging the signal-superposition property of multiple-access channels and using artificial noises to perturb local model updates, thereby preserving DP. In this paper, we propose an exploration into device sampling with replacement as a potential mechanism for augmenting the DP levels of WDs in over-the-air FL. In particular, we delve into the joint optimization of device sampling strategy, the number of training rounds, and over-the-air transceiver design. Our goal is to maximize the learning performance while ensuring each WD meets the DP requirement. The problem is challenging due to the intractable FL convergence rate and privacy losses under random sampling, coupled with the strong interconnection among mixed continuous and integer decision variables. To tackle this problem, we first analyze the learning convergence rate and privacy losses of WDs. The analysis allows us to derive the optimal transceiver design per round in closed forms. Then, we propose an efficient alternating optimization algorithm by deriving the optimal device sampling strategy and the number of training rounds in semi-closed forms. Our numerical results, based on real-world learning tasks, showcase the effectiveness of our proposed approach compared with representative baselines.","PeriodicalId":13431,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","volume":"23 11","pages":"16788-16804"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}