{"title":"Behavioral Responses to Touch and Leading in Lippizan Mares: Natural vs. Traditional Handling Method","authors":"Elena Gobbo, Lucija Sušnik, Manja Zupan Šemrov","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1713","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Proper handling and a well-established human-animal relationship influence both the behavior and the welfare of an animal. Methods: In this study, we compared the behavioral responses to touch and leading in mares using two handling methods. A traditional method (T) was based on forced cooperation and a natural (TTEAM) on tactile stimulation and mares’ natural behavior. Twenty-two group housed Lipizzan mares participated. Throughout four consecutive weeks, there were six observational days per method and based on a predefined ethogram, mares were scored daily on a 6-point scale. Higher scores indicated better reception of touch and leading, relaxation and cooperation, whereas lower scores indicated agonistic and/or fear-related behaviors. The time spent to implement touch and leading was also recorded. Result: Despite significant individual differences, touch and leading scores were found to be higher in the TTEAM compared to the T. Our results imply that mares were more relaxed, displayed better cooperation and had reduced agonistic and fear-related behavior during TTEAM. We suggest that implementation of TTEAM positively affected mares’ reception of touch and leading, but due to variation in behavioral plasticity, the importance of mare’s individuality is accentuated.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Feeding Biofortified Wheat (WB 2) Straw-based Diet on Immunity of Lactating Murrah (Bubalus bubalis) Buffaloes","authors":"Davender Singh Kalwani, Arun Kumar Misra, S.B.N. Rao","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5244","url":null,"abstract":"Backround: Buffaloes contributes heavily to the livestock sector of India and buffaloes are preferred for milk production in India due to their efficiency and better nutrients in milk. Major part of their diet constitute roughage which is usually wheat straw in north-western region of India. WB 2 is a biofortified wheat variety with high zinc and iron levels in its grain, has been developed by ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research in Karnal, Haryana. This study aimed at comparing the benefits of substituting conventional straw with WB 2 straw. Methods: The present experiment was conducted on 12 Murrah buffaloes, divided into two groups i.e., Control (T0) and Treatment (T1) based on body weight, parity and previous milk record. Feeding continued for a period of 90 days as per ICAR (2013) feeding standard. The wheat straw, oats fodder and concentrate mixture was fed in the ratio 50:15:35 (on DM basis) in both the groups. However, in control group, conventional wheat straw was used and in the treatment group, biofortified wheat variety straw was utilized. Result: Non-significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were observed when both the groups were compared for body weight and dry matter intake on fortnightly basis. Similarly, haematology was carried out on monthly basis and there were non- significant differences (P greater than 0.05) between the two groups. Non-significant difference for plasma IgG1 was also recorded. The study reveals that the feeding of biofortified wheat variety (WB 2) straw had no impact on immunity of lactating Murrah buffaloes compared to conventional straw-based diet.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prince Clinton Rava, Mohan Mondal, Ajoy Mandal, Subrata Kumar Das, S. Rai, C. Bhakat, Muthupalani Karunakaran
{"title":"Changes in Testicular Biometry and Ejaculate Characters during Pubertal Age in Black Bengal Kids","authors":"Prince Clinton Rava, Mohan Mondal, Ajoy Mandal, Subrata Kumar Das, S. Rai, C. Bhakat, Muthupalani Karunakaran","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5145","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction between body weight, testicular growth and sperm production, is the key factor influencing the onset of puberty and sexual maturity. The present experiment was carried out to study the changes in testicular biometry and seminal parameters during pre and post pubertal period in Black Bengal bucks. Black Bengal males (n=8) of four months age were used in the study. Body weight and scrotal biometry parameters increased significantly as age advances. First ejaculates were collected from kids aged 4.5 months which contained mostly immature sperm cells, but semen ejaculates containing adequate numbers of matured motile sperm cells could be collected from six months of age onward. Semen ejaculate characters were optimal at 11-12 months of age with almost stable body weight and scrotal biometry. Based on the above facts, it could be concluded that the Bengal bucks attained puberty at 5-6 months and sexual maturity at 11-12 months of age.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Audarya, V. Chander, S. Nandi, D. Chhabra, R. Gangil, R. Sharda, A. Kanesh, A.B. Pandey
{"title":"First Isolation of Highly Cytopathic Canine Parvovirus-2 on Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells from a Diarrheic Pet Dog of Indore in Madhya Pradesh and its Molecular Characterization as Canine Parvovirus-2a","authors":"S. Audarya, V. Chander, S. Nandi, D. Chhabra, R. Gangil, R. Sharda, A. Kanesh, A.B. Pandey","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5161","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Canine parvoviral diarrhea is one of the most common viral infections in dogs. Canine parvoviral diarrhea is caused due to the virus, Canine parvovirus-2. Regular surveillance and knowledge of the emergence of new Canine parvovirus-2 viral variants in infected pet dogs is the prerequisite for the prevention and control of this disease. Methods: Deoxyribonucleic acids extracted from processed faecal samples of 50 diarrheic pet dogs were used to amplify Canine parvovirus-2 specific gene (Partial nucleotide region) by using a polymerase chain reaction test. Viral inoculum prepared from the positive faecal sample in the above test was adsorbed on Madin Darby Canine Kidney cell line of epithelial origin. The isolated virus was further characterized by using a molecular test: amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. Result: Deoxyribonucleic acid extracted from the processed faecal material of the dog tested positive for the presence of a Canine parvovirus 2-specific gene. The virus was successfully adapted to the Madin Darby Canine Kidney cell line and showed cytopathic effects on the very first passage. The isolated highly cytopathic virus Canine parvovirus-2 from the diarrheic pet dog was further characterized as Canine parvovirus-2a by using a molecular test.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.M. Kolangath, M. D. Pawshe, V. Dhoot, S. Upadhye, R. Kolangath
{"title":"Successful Clinical Management and Molecular Investigation of Trypanosomosis in a Wild Captured Leopard","authors":"S.M. Kolangath, M. D. Pawshe, V. Dhoot, S. Upadhye, R. Kolangath","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5165","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Trypanosoma evansi is a widely prevalent trypanosomes of the Indian subcontinent and is widely documented in species like cattle, buffalo, horses, camel etc. In the wild, an array of animals like deers, jaguar, tigers, leopards, lions, foxes etc can be infected by the trypanosome. Trypanotolerance is an innate mechanism by which the wild animals harbour moderate infection without the development of clinical signs. Methods: The current report highlights the clinical management and molecular investigation of Trypanosomosis in a wild captured leopard. An adult male leopard, was found to exhibit partial inappetence with no other deviation from normal. Blood, serum and faecal investigations were carried out. A Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out to gain molecular insights. The amplicon was purified and sequenced. The sequenced was submitted to NCBI after BLASTn analysis. Result: The blood smear revealed trypanosomosis while faecal examination revealed heavy infestation with Spirometra which was treated rationally. The animal showed an uneventful recovery after the treatment. The causative agent was identified to Trypanosoma evansi and was found to be identical to similar sequences reported from India and abroad by the phylogenetic analysis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. V. Rao, P. Jawahar, N. Jayakumar, N. Sujathkumar, V. Rani, Ramesh Rathod, Hari Prasad Mohale, K. Karuppasamy, N.R. Kalavathi
{"title":"Length-weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Siluriformes Fish Species, Endangered Eutropiichthys vacha, Hamilton (1922) and Endemic Deccan Catfish Rita kuturnee (Sykes, 1839) of Godavari River Andhra Pradesh, South India","authors":"N. V. Rao, P. Jawahar, N. Jayakumar, N. Sujathkumar, V. Rani, Ramesh Rathod, Hari Prasad Mohale, K. Karuppasamy, N.R. Kalavathi","doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-5222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5222","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study of the length-weight relationship and condition factors of two Eutropiichthys vacha and Rita kuturnee, from Godavari River Andhra Pradesh, from the year August 2021 to July 2023 at fortnightly intervals. Methods: The log transformation formula was employed to establish length-weight relationships (LWRs) [3]. The length-weight equation used was W = aLb, in the usual notations. Linear regression of the log-transformed equation, log(W) = log(a) + b log(L), was utilized to calculate the parameters ‘a’ (intercept) and ‘b’ (slope) of the relationship. Result: A total of 1453 specimens of E. vacha and 1273 specimens of R. kuturnee were collected by using gill nets. The collected specimens exhibited a total length range of 10 to 27 cm for E. vacha and 7 to 18.5 cm for R. kuturnee. Correspondingly, the body weight range was recorded as 12 to 140 gm for E. vacha and 8 to 50 gm for R. kuturnee. Statistical analysis revealed a negative allometric growth trend for both males and females of E. vacha and R. kuturnee, with b values ranging from 2.569 to 2.711 for E. vacha and 2.53 to 2.61 for R. kuturnee. The fluctuation in the relative condition factor ranged from 1.06 to 1.09 for E. vacha and 1.001 to 1.12 for R. kuturnee. Furthermore, the overall health conditions of these two species were determined to be favorable.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.N. Maodaa, E. Al-Shaebi, R. Abdel-Gaber, A. Alatawi, S.A. Alawwad, S. Al-Quraishy
{"title":"In vitro Study: Efficacy of Artemisia monosperma Leaves Extract on Eimeria papillata","authors":"S.N. Maodaa, E. Al-Shaebi, R. Abdel-Gaber, A. Alatawi, S.A. Alawwad, S. Al-Quraishy","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1696","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Traditional medicine has long utilized medicinal plants that contain a rich source of biologically active phytochemicals. Many of these have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can reduce the risk of many diseases. Numerous animals are afflicted by the disease coccidiosis, which causes significant economic losses. Drug abuse and overuse have led to the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Eimeria spp. Methods: In this study, Artemisia monosperma leaf methanolic extract (AMLE) was prepared and tested in vitro as an anticoccidial using the oocyst of Eimeria papillata. Result: Fifteen different functional groups were present in AMLE using infrared spectroscopy. Also, quantitative results showed phenolics and flavonoids 39.7±0.3 and 33.4±0.2 (mg TAE/g DW) respectively in AMLE. Moreover, at 96 h, significant inhibition of process sporulation for E. papillata oocyst was observed when exposed to AMLE (300 mg/mL) and formalin 5%, while amprolium, DettolTM and phenol showed different levels of inhibition. Our results showed that AMLE has anticoccidial activity, which promotes the conduct of numerous in vivo research to discover an efficient treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. El-khadragy, Noura M. AlDurgham, S. Hamed, Fatma Elzahraa H. Salem, Maha A. Aljumaa, Hany M. Yehia, Mariam A. Alkhateeb
{"title":"Immunomodulatory effect of Eugenia caryophyllata against Vitamin D-induced Toxicity in Liver of Male Westar Rats","authors":"M. El-khadragy, Noura M. AlDurgham, S. Hamed, Fatma Elzahraa H. Salem, Maha A. Aljumaa, Hany M. Yehia, Mariam A. Alkhateeb","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1711","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin D is essential for overall health, wellbeing and immune system. hypervitaminosis D led to many deleterious effects and increased mortality. This study aimed evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of eugenol (volatile phenolic constituent of clove essential oil obtained from Eugenia caryophyllata) against inflammation induced by vitamin D toxicity. Methods: Vitamin D (100 mg/kg) was orally administered into male albino rats followed by an oral administration of eugenol (100 mg/kg) for two months. Result: Histological results showed Vitamin D intoxication cause distinct alterations such as loss of lobular architecture, fibrosis and necrosis, treatment of eugenol with injected of Vitamin D showed improvement in the histological features of liver tissues. The study showed that a significant upregulation in the TNF-a, IL-2 and iNOS genes expression levels caused by Vitamin D compared to the control group. eugenol treatment caused a significant decreased TNF-a, IL-2 and iNOS activity and down-regulated gene expression levels. In Conclusion, hepatoprotective effects of eugenol through inhibiting pro-inflammation by vitamin D toxicity and increase the activity of the antioxidant defense system.","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guang-ping Ruan, X. Yao, Mei-Yu Lin, Shu-Qian Lin, Xing-Hua Pan
{"title":"RNA Sequencing Analysis of Changes in Pancreatic RNA in Tree Shrews with Traumatic Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome after Treatment with Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells","authors":"Guang-ping Ruan, X. Yao, Mei-Yu Lin, Shu-Qian Lin, Xing-Hua Pan","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1695","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a systemic nonspecific inflammatory response to severe injury caused by infectious or noninfectious factors. Methods: The impact method was used to make unilateral femoral comminuted fractures in tree shrews and lipopolysaccharide was injected intravenously to create a traumatic systemic inflammatory response syndrome model. The treatment group was infused with tree shrew umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells via the tail vein. Result: After 10 days of treatment, 3 tree shrews were killed in each of the control group, the model group and the treatment group and pancreatic tissue was taken for RNA sequencing analysis. The results showed statistically significant changes in some genes. The two genes with the most significantly changed expression levels were ENSTBEG00000013408 (gene name TMEM211) and ENSTBEG00000006837 (gene name C1QL3). Their expression levels were increased in the model group and decreased after treatment. The changes in inflammatory factors indicate that the model group has an obvious inflammatory response and the treatment of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells has the effect of reducing inflammatory factors, which further proves the anti-inflammatory effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. There was also an obvious change in the expression of the ENSTBEG00000021330 gene (gene name ATP8), which decreased in the model group and increased after treatment, indicating that ATP8 is a gene that contributes to the recovery of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In the future, we may use this gene to treat systemic inflammatory response syndrome.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaomeng Fu, Qiong Wu, Changjie Zhou, Xin Wang, Chengwei Wang
{"title":"Laminaria japonica Polyascchride Improves Protein Metabolism of Weaned Piglets","authors":"Shaomeng Fu, Qiong Wu, Changjie Zhou, Xin Wang, Chengwei Wang","doi":"10.18805/ijar.bf-1709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.bf-1709","url":null,"abstract":"Post-weaning diarrhea is one of the most common diseases in piglets, which will seriously affect the growth performance of weaned piglets and may even cause their death. LJP has been proven to improve the growth performance of weaned piglets. Protein metabolism is very important for growth, but there is little research on protein metabolism in weaned piglets by LJP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing different levels of LJP (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) in the diet on protein metabolism in weaned piglets. A total of 120 piglets with similar initial body wight (6.13±0.21 kg) and age (21±1 day) were randomly assigned into 4 groups, each group had 5 replicates of 6 piglets. Four different levels of LJP (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) were added to the feed of four groups of piglets and kept for 21 days. The results showed that the content of total serum proteins was significantly increased in piglets supplemented with 200 and 400 mg/kg LJP and the content of albumin was significantly increased in piglets supplemented with 400 mg/kg LJP (p less than 0.05), compared with the control group. In conclusion, the addition of 200 and 400 mg/kg of LJP to the ration increased protein content in the serum and contributed to the growth and health of weaned piglets.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13410,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}