SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing最新文献

{"title":"Development, integration, testing, and evaluation of the U.S. Army Buckeye System to the NAVAIR Arrow UAV","authors":"R. Fischer, B. Kennedy, Mitch Jones, Jeffrey Walker, D. Muresan, Gregory Baxter, Mark Flood, Brian Follmer, Xiuhong Sun, William Chen, J. Ruby","doi":"10.1117/12.778243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.778243","url":null,"abstract":"The Buckeye high-resolution geospatial collection system is currently supporting operations within both Iraq and Afghanistan. The Buckeye system, originally developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), provides timely tactical high resolution geospatial information to field commanders. The Buckeye system is applicable in the following arenas: intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), mapping, change detection, mission rehearsal, simulation, and battlefield visualization. Three distinct Buckeye systems hosted on multiple air platforms have provided continuous geospatial data delivery to U.S. Forces since November 2004. Further capability is to be provided by integrating next generation Buckeye components to an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The UAV selected for this effort is the experimental Arrow Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). This paper describes the physical and systems integration of the Buckeye Electro-Optical (EO) and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) components to the Arrow platform. Engineering solutions for mass balancing, thermal dispersion, and component calibration are presented. The distributed on-board architecture which performs instrument control, image compression, and data downlink, is described and discussed. Finally theoretical, laboratory and flight testing results are presented with a discussion on implementation and data dissemination within a tactical environment.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117238124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coherence analysis of air and mechanically coupled ground vibrations","authors":"Richard D. Burgett, J. Sabatier","doi":"10.1117/12.782630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.782630","url":null,"abstract":"The coherence function between the microphone and vertical geophone is investigated for air-coupled and mechanically-coupled sources and offers new insights into air vs. ground source discrimination. This aids one in the understanding of air-coupled sounds from airborne and ground sources and mechanically-coupled vibrations from ground sources. Air borne sources provide energy that that is measured by microphone and, as this energy is coupled into the ground, by geophone. This measured energy, obtained by using co-located sensors (microphone and geophone), will have common amplitude and phase information Ground sources produce mechanically-coupled ground waves that arrive at the geophone with unique amplitude and phase information, independent of any acoustic signal they may radiate. Data analyzed at an Army test site is compared to experimental results.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126161450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive collaborative control of highly redundant robots","authors":"D. Handelman","doi":"10.1117/12.782298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.782298","url":null,"abstract":"The agility and adaptability of biological systems are worthwhile goals for next-generation unmanned ground vehicles. Management of the requisite number of degrees of freedom, however, remains a challenge, as does the ability of an operator to transfer behavioral intent from human to robot. This paper reviews American Android research funded by NASA, DARPA, and the U.S. Army that attempts to address these issues. Limb coordination technology, an iterative form of inverse kinematics, provides a fundamental ability to control balance and posture independently in highly redundant systems. Goal positions and orientations of distal points of the robot skeleton, such as the hands and feet of a humanoid robot, become variable constraints, as does center-of-gravity position. Behaviors utilize these goals to synthesize full-body motion. Biped walking, crawling and grasping are illustrated, and behavior parameterization, layering and portability are discussed. Robotic skill acquisition enables a show-and-tell approach to behavior modification. Declarative rules built verbally by an operator in the field define nominal task plans, and neural networks trained with verbal, manual and visual signals provide additional behavior shaping. Anticipated benefits of the resultant adaptive collaborative controller for unmanned ground vehicles include increased robot autonomy, reduced operator workload and reduced operator training and skill requirements.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127666706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FCS UGV safe operations","authors":"S. Fish, Joshua C Ruedin, M. Perschbacher, J. Bares","doi":"10.1117/12.782873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.782873","url":null,"abstract":"The US Army Future Combat System (FCS) will implement Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV) in numbers not previously seen before in military operations. Many of these vehicles will also be larger and faster than the small robots typically used today for explosive ordnance disposal and general improvised explosive device handling. More importantly, FCS will implement these UGV's in scenarios were they will be in much closer proximity to soldiers and other non-combatant personnel. This paper describes the plan for developing an appropriate match of technology for autonomous UGV maneuver with the emerging need for safety release verification for these systems prior to fielding. The plan is followed by descriptions of initial data collections with a UGV, that will form the starting point in this safety release process, and stimulate further use and refinement of this process for large UGV's in applications beyond FCS.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114533790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel real-time health monitoring system for unmanned vehicles","authors":"David Zhang, Lien Ouyang, Peter X. Qing, I. Li","doi":"10.1117/12.777888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777888","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time monitoring the status of in-service structures such as unmanned vehicles can provide invaluable information to detect the damages to the structures on time. The unmanned vehicles can be maintained and repaired in time if such damages are found. One typical cause of damages of unmanned vehicles is from impacts caused by bumping into some obstacles or being hit by some objects such as hostile fire. This paper introduces a novel impact event sensing system that can detect the location of the impact events and the force-time history of the impact events. The system consists of the Piezo-electric sensor network, the hardware platform and the analysis software. The new customized battery-powered impact event sensing system supports up to 64-channel parallel data acquisition. It features an innovative low-power hardware trigger circuit that monitors 64 channels simultaneously. The system is in the sleep mode most of the time. When an impact event happens, the system will wake up in micro-seconds and detect the impact location and corresponding force-time history. The system can be combined with the SMART sensing system to further evaluate the impact damage severity.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126712220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of gas plumes in cluttered environments using long-wave infrared hyperspectral sensors","authors":"Joshua B. Broadwater, T. Spisz, A. Carr","doi":"10.1117/12.784707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.784707","url":null,"abstract":"Long-wave infrared hyperspectral sensors provide the ability to detect gas plumes at stand-off distances. A number of detection algorithms have been developed for such applications, but in situations where the gas is released in a complex background and is at air temperature, these detectors can generate a considerable amount of false alarms. To make matters more difficult, the gas tends to have non-uniform concentrations throughout the plume making it spatially similar to the false alarms. Simple post-processing using median filters can remove a number of the false alarms, but at the cost of removing a significant amount of the gas plume as well. We approach the problem using an adaptive subpixel detector and morphological processing techniques. The adaptive subpixel detection algorithm is able to detect the gas plume against the complex background. We then use morphological processing techniques to isolate the gas plume while simultaneously rejecting nearly all false alarms. Results will be demonstrated on a set of ground-based long-wave infrared hyperspectral image sequences.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131902375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CMOS architectures and circuits for high-speed decision-making from image flows","authors":"Á. Rodríguez-Vázquez, R. Domínguez-Castro, F. Jiménez-Garrido, S. Morillas, J. Listán, L. Alba, C. Utrera, R. Romay, F. Medeiro","doi":"10.1117/12.779464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.779464","url":null,"abstract":"We present architectures, CMOS circuits and CMOS chips to process image flows at very high speed. This is achieved by exploiting bio-inspiration and performing processing tasks in parallel manner and concurrently with image acquisition. A vision system is presented which makes decisions within sub-msec range. This is very well suited for defense and security applications requiring segmentation and tracking of rapidly moving objects.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117118583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fingerprint separation: an application of ICA","authors":"Meenakshi Singh, Deepak Singh, P. Kalra","doi":"10.1117/12.777541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777541","url":null,"abstract":"Among all existing biometric techniques, fingerprint-based identification is the oldest method, which has been successfully used in numerous applications. Fingerprint-based identification is the most recognized tool in biometrics because of its reliability and accuracy. Fingerprint identification is done by matching questioned and known friction skin ridge impressions from fingers, palms, and toes to determine if the impressions are from the same finger (or palm, toe, etc.). There are many fingerprint matching algorithms which automate and facilitate the job of fingerprint matching, but for any of these algorithms matching can be difficult if the fingerprints are overlapped or mixed. In this paper, we have proposed a new algorithm for separating overlapped or mixed fingerprints so that the performance of the matching algorithms will improve when they are fed with these inputs. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has been used as a tool to separate the overlapped or mixed fingerprints.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130714039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propagation variability assessments of ship defense HEL and HPM performance in worldwide maritime boundary layer environments at wavelengths of 1.0642 μm, 2.141 μm, 3.16 mm and 12.2 cm","authors":"Steven T. Fiorino, R. Bartell, M. Krizo, S. Cusumano","doi":"10.1117/12.777568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777568","url":null,"abstract":"This study quantifies the variability in ship defense high energy laser (HEL) and high power microwave (HPM) performance due to atmospheric effects in the marine boundary layer relative to a commonly defined standard atmosphere. The atmosphere effects are defined using the worldwide probabilistic climatic database available in the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) model. The expected propagation performance is assessed at 4 wavelengths (1.0642 μm, 2.141 μm, 3.16 mm, and 12.2 cm) across the world's oceans and mapped on a 1° × 1° grid. Scenarios evaluated are primarily near-surface and horizontal over ranges up to 9000 meters in which anticipated clear air aerosols and thin layers of fog, light rain, and various cloud types occur. Seasonal (summer and winter) and boundary layer variations for a range of relative humidity percentile conditions are considered to determine optimum employment techniques to exploit or defeat the environmental conditions. Optical turbulence impacts and numerous atmospheric particulate/hydrometeor distributions are evaluated based on their wavelength-dependent scattering and absorption effects on HEL/HPM engagement. HELEEOS includes a fast-calculating, first principles, worldwide surface to 100 km, atmospheric propagation and characterization package. This package enables the creation of profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor content, optical turbulence, atmospheric particulates and hydrometeors as they relate to line-by-line layer transmission, path and background radiance at wavelengths from the ultraviolet to radio frequencies. Physics-based cloud and precipitation characterizations are coupled with physically correct temperature and moisture vertical lapse rates to create realistic atmospheric boundary layer effects. HELEEOS characterizes maritime aerosol environments using the Advanced Navy Aerosol Model (ANAM) or various representations of maritime particulates from the Global Aerosol Dataset (GADS). In the lowest 50 m, HELEEOS defines maritime optical turbulence with the Navy Surface Layer Optical Turbulence (NSLOT) model.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121014037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid passive MMW security screening portal","authors":"C. Martin, C. G. García González, V. Kolinko, J. Lovberg","doi":"10.1117/12.777306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777306","url":null,"abstract":"Trex Enterprises Corporation has developed a full body passive millimeter-wave security screening imager. The system images naturally occurring W-band blackbody radiation, which penetrates most types of clothing. When operated indoors, the primary mechanism for image formation is the contrast between body heat radiation and the room temperature radiation emitted or reflected by concealed objects that are opaque at millimeter-wave wavelengths. Trex Enterprises has previously demonstrated that an imager noise level of 0.25 to 0.5 K is necessary to detect and image small concealed threats indoors. Achieving this noise level in a head-to-toe image required image collection times of 24 seconds using the previous imager design. This paper first discusses the measurement of the noise temperature of the MMW detectors employed. The paper then explores reducing the image collection times through a new front-end amplifier design and the addition of more imaging units. By changing the orientation and direction of travel of the imaging units, the new design is able to employ more detectors and collect imagery from a subject's front and sides. The combination of lower noise amplifiers and a new scanning architecture results in an imager appropriate for high throughput security screening scenarios. Imagery from the new configuration is also presented.","PeriodicalId":133868,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128198637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}