ERN: Non-Pecuniary Motivation & Incentives (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of Peer Comparison Information on Physician Behavior and Well-being","authors":"Justin C Zhang, Joseph Reiff, Nathaniel Pedley, Jana Gallus, Hengchen Dai, S. Vangala, R. Leuchter, C. Fox, Maria A. Han, D. Croymans","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3941507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3941507","url":null,"abstract":"To modify behavior, policy makers are increasingly using nudges, or interventions that attempt to change behavior without altering economic incentives or limiting freedom of choice. Despite their widespread use, the potential negative consequences of nudges on recipients’ well-being are still largely unknown. In light of high burnout rates among US physicians, we conducted a field experiment involving 199 primary care physicians and 44,287 patients to examine the impact of peer comparison nudges on both physicians' performance and well-being. We varied whether physicians received information about how their preventive care performance compared to that of other physicians. This peer comparison nudge did not significantly improve physicians’ preventive care performance (measured by their order rates of preventive exams), but it did significantly deteriorate their well-being (including job satisfaction and burnout), even four months after the intervention was discontinued. We provide quantitative and qualitative evidence highlighting a novel mechanism underlying these unanticipated negative effects; physicians perceive peer comparison information as an inappropriate nudge in this context that signals a lack of support from their leaders. Consistent with this account, providing leaders with training on how to support physicians mitigated the negative effects of peer comparison information on physicians’ well-being. Our research uncovers an important downside of peer comparison nudges, highlights the importance of considering the consequences of nudges on recipients’ well-being, and points to how a complementary intervention—leadership support training—can mitigate these adverse effects. Note: *The first two authors contributed equally to this work. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov numbers: NCT04237883","PeriodicalId":133716,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Non-Pecuniary Motivation & Incentives (Topic)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129036458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fairness Concerns and Job Assignment to Positions with Different Surplus","authors":"Katarína Danková, H. Morita, Maroš Servátka, Le Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3449092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3449092","url":null,"abstract":"How does job assignment to positions with different surplus affect fairness concerns? We experimentally examine agents’ fairness concerns in a three-person ultimatum game in which all agents are asked to complete a general knowledge quiz before being assigned to a high-stake or low-stake position. We disentangle two possible channels through which job assignment impacts fairness concerns, wage differences and the principal’s intentions, by comparing cases in which the job assignment is determined randomly or by the principal. The knowledge quiz, which mimics performance evaluation, signifies the distinction between the two cases as it provides a basis on which the principal can make the assignment decision. We find that the principal’s intentions significantly impact fairness concerns of the agents assigned to the low-stake position, but wage differences themselves do not. We elaborate on managerial implications of our findings.","PeriodicalId":133716,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Non-Pecuniary Motivation & Incentives (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114298711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Sustainable Investing Driven by Altruism: Evidence from Shocks to Philanthropy","authors":"Maria Boutchkova, Angelica Gonzalez, Renfang Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3575000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3575000","url":null,"abstract":"We test the conjecture that sustainable investing (SI) is driven by altruistic motives by examining the responses of charitable giving and SI flows to exogenous shocks to altruism. We find that while philanthropy responds strongly and significantly, SI flows do not. In addition, two further types of shocks to the reputation and tax shield benefits of philanthropy do not result in an increase in SI either. Our results contribute to understanding the channels behind SI and suggest that altruism is not as an important determinant as previously suggested.","PeriodicalId":133716,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Non-Pecuniary Motivation & Incentives (Topic)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130430642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical Constituents of Human Well-being in Papua New Guinea: A District-level Analysis","authors":"C. Filer, Terence Wood","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3791993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3791993","url":null,"abstract":"We derive two measures of human well-being from the 2000 national census and seek to establish the relative strength of their association with 12 geographical variables in a comparative study of the 85 partially rural districts of Papua New Guinea. We find that the accessibility of health and education services for rural villagers, along with the proximity of the rural village population to a coastline, are the two geographical variables that have the strongest association with lower child mortality rates and higher school attendance rates. These findings are placed within the context of a broader discussion of ways to improve the measurement of such relationships at a district level in light of the acknowledged failure of the 2011 national census and the possible failure of the national census due to be conducted in 2021. Our findings are also located within the context of a longstanding international debate about the geographical constituents or determinants of human development at a national scale. The distinctive quality of our own contribution to this debate resides in our focus on the measurement of variation between districts within a single country.","PeriodicalId":133716,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Non-Pecuniary Motivation & Incentives (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116465886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESG Materiality Factors in the Fourth Industrial Revolution - Measuring Stakeholder Externalities via Dynamic Materiality","authors":"G. Bala, Shirley Birman, James Cardamone, Thomas Kuh, Adam Salvatori, N. Stelea","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3751058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3751058","url":null,"abstract":"Materiality is the notion in accounting that applies to information that is important for an investment decision and is central to the definition of fiduciary duty. Recently ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) investors have coalesced around the concept of dynamic materiality, Dynamic Materiality™ is the concept that companies, industries, and sectors have unique materiality signatures that evolve over time, determined by factors such as shifts in business models, changing consumer preferences, emerging technologies and new regulations. Dynamic Materiality is driven by how stakeholders respond to events, behavior and externalities experienced in relation to a company or an industry. This stands in contrast to the view that materiality is relatively static and can be defined by a company. We expand on Dynamic Materiality to provide empirical evidence that materiality has distinct dimensions in addition to industry and sector: region, country, economic development, and company size. These dimensions underpin the Truvalue ESG Materiality Factors, the first holistic materiality approach. We examine how the Materiality Signatures evolves across these dimensions. Furthermore, we present evidence that conventional ESG research frameworks operating on a single global materiality model are no longer suitable in the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.","PeriodicalId":133716,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Non-Pecuniary Motivation & Incentives (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125039441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict Resolution Strategies and Workplace Frustration and Organisational Citizenship Behavior: The Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence","authors":"Aimen Mairaj, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3683152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3683152","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between conflict resolution strategies (accommodating, avoiding, compromising, collaborating, and competing) with workplace frustration and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) with the moderating role of trait emotional intelligence (EI) on their relations. Data was collected through a close-ended questionnaire from 298 employees (male = 197, female =101) working at different private organizations of the manufacturing and service industry within the city of Karachi. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results indicated that accommodating and avoiding strategies don’t seems to have any effect on both frustration and OCB. Accommodating seems to positively and significantly affect both. Compromising significantly and positively affect OCB, however, dominating is affecting frustration. EI also seems to influences both OCB and frustration. EI also complements accommodating and collaboration strategies with workplace frustration. This study is first of its kind in the local context in private sectors and paves the way for further research in the public sector.","PeriodicalId":133716,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Non-Pecuniary Motivation & Incentives (Topic)","volume":"258263 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116418115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Action Task Force Standards and Financial Inclusion: What Should Be Done – and What Should Not Be Done – to Improve the Alignment Between Integrity and Inclusion Policy Objectives?","authors":"Louis de Koker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3679779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3679779","url":null,"abstract":"The working paper was drafted to meet the 31 August 2020 deadline of the Financial Action Task Force’s public consultation process relating to the extension of the risk-based approach to proliferation financing. The paper draws primarily on recommendations made in our research papers over the past two decades to highlight the following:<br><br>• Broaden FATF’s financial inclusion focus from access to financial services to actual usage of those services; <br>• Require supervisory understanding of institutional decisions not to simplify CDD in lower risk scenarios; <br>• Do not extend FATF’s risk-based measures to proliferation financing without considering its impact on financial inclusion; <br>• Ensure that the FATF standards support collaborative Customer Due Diligence to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of AML/CFT control measures.","PeriodicalId":133716,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Non-Pecuniary Motivation & Incentives (Topic)","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131968023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation on the Export Performance of Emerging Economies: A Multi-dimensional Approach","authors":"C. Robb, Eun-mi Kim, Jae-woo Lee","doi":"10.16980/jitc.16.3.202006.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/jitc.16.3.202006.25","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - Owing to the dynamic and complex nature of the global business environment, firms are required to develop clearer organizational strategic approaches for combating market ambiguity when creating sustainable growth while undertaking internationalization. As a strategic-making process, entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has received much attention in current business literature. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to further examine the entrepreneurial construct with regards to its multi-dimensional classification which provides additional benefits for smaller or medium sized firms (hereafter SME). Further discussed in this research is the extent to which SMEs need to possess knowledge or competencies related to all the (or individual) dimensions of EO when conducting global commerce.<br><br>Design/Methodology/Approach - To test the presumptions of the study further, data were collected from 204 South African exporting SMEs. An EFA and CFA where adopted to assess data reliability and validity. Finally, a hierarchical linear regression analysis technique was considered for evaluating the research models and clearly present the findings.<br><br>Findings - Results from the data analysis shows that while several EO dimensions contributed significantly towards the improved export performance of SMEs, others did not. As SMEs are often hampered by resource limitations, a focus on the roles of each EO dimension provides an opportunity for greater efficiency when SMEs conduct global business by assisting SMEs in increasing their overall exporting performance.<br><br>Research Implications - While much research exists in the field of EO, a clearer approach for measuring the construct has provided opportunities to explore EO further. The current study builds upon the current novel approach of EO, thus adding more to the papers originality. Finally, the context of the study offers a defining feature towards the originality of the research. While most EO research is focused on advanced nations, the current study conducts research in an African nation, where EO and export research remains scarce.","PeriodicalId":133716,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Non-Pecuniary Motivation & Incentives (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122492892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Performance and Sustainability in Malaysian Waqf Institutions","authors":"M. Hanefah, M. Kamaruddin, R. Masruki, F. Johari, Aimi Fadzirul Kamarubahrin","doi":"10.31580/apss.v6i2.1309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31580/apss.v6i2.1309","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to measure the financial performance and sustainability in Malaysian waqf private entity and corporations. Examining its performance and sustainability could be useful to assess waqf perpetual existence. Besides that, the waqf private entity and corporations frequently compare actual performance with standards or expectations to enhance the organizations’ achievements. Thus, by using ratio analysis, this study examines five years (2014-2018) annual reports of waqf private entity administered by Pusat Wakaf Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan Sdn. Bhd (PWMSB) and two waqf corporations Pusat Wakaf Selangor (PWS) and Wakaf An-Nur Corporation (WANCorp). The results indicate that only one waqf corporation was financially performed and sustainable in all seven components. The findings provide useful insights into the financial performance and sustainability of waqf private entity and corporations and highlight the need for policy makers in Malaysia and other Muslim countries to give due attention to the holistic accountability of waqf institutions to ensure waqf’s systematic revival. It is hoped that the results and the recommendations of the study would enable the financial reporting and accountability of such institutions at a higher level","PeriodicalId":133716,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Non-Pecuniary Motivation & Incentives (Topic)","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122369020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Think Before You Click: Follow the Basic Hygiene During Financial Transactions","authors":"Nishadi Thennakoon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3664592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3664592","url":null,"abstract":"]Financial scams have a long history. A long time ago, even in 300 BC, Kautilya in his famous book named “Arthashastra” gave a description of frauds. His exposition on forty ways of embezzlement bears the characteristics of some of the modern day financial frauds. The integration of diverse technological applications, coupled with the fast growth of online users in today’s digitized era, have created increased opportunities for the commission of financial scams. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission states that one of the best ways to combat financial frauds and scams is to stay one step ahead of the fraudsters by being aware of scams. This article is also an effort to educate the general public on various fraudulent schemes with a view to empowering them to be aware of such scams.","PeriodicalId":133716,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Non-Pecuniary Motivation & Incentives (Topic)","volume":"11 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129176401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}