{"title":"X-ray Spectrometry in the Era of Aberration-Corrected Electron Optical Beam Lines.","authors":"Nestor J Zaluzec","doi":"10.1017/S143192762200068X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S143192762200068X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aberration correction in the analytical transmission electron microscope is most closely associated with improvements in high-resolution imaging. In this paper, the combination of that technology with new system designs, which optimize both electron optics and x-ray detection, is shown to provide more than a tenfold increase in performance over the last 25 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":13243,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84366183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julian Sickel, Marcel Asbach, Christoph Gammer, Rudolf Bratschitsch, Helmut Kohl
{"title":"Quantitative Strain and Topography Mapping of 2D Materials Using Nanobeam Electron Diffraction.","authors":"Julian Sickel, Marcel Asbach, Christoph Gammer, Rudolf Bratschitsch, Helmut Kohl","doi":"10.1017/S1431927622000502","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1431927622000502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is known that 2D materials can exhibit a nonflat topography, which gives rise to an inherent strain. Since local curvature and strain influence mechanical, optical, and electrical properties, but are often difficult to distinguish from each other, a robust measurement technique is needed. In this study, a novel method is introduced, which is capable of obtaining quantitative strain and topography information of 2D materials with nanometer resolution. Relying on scanning nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED), it is possible to disentangle strain from the local sample slope. Using the positions of the diffraction spots of a specimen at two different tilts to reconstruct the locations and orientations of the reciprocal lattice rods, the local strain and slope can be simultaneously retrieved. We demonstrate the differences to strain measurements from a single NBED map in theory, simulation, and experiment. MoS2 monolayers with different shapes are used as simulation test structures. The slope and height information are recovered, as well as tensile and angular strain which have an absolute difference of less than 0.2% and 0.2° from the theoretical values. An experimental proof of concept using a freely suspended WSe2 monolayer together with a discussion of the accuracy of the method is provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":13243,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84370043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gengyang Shen, Xin Liu, Wei Lei, Rong Duan, Zhenqiang Yao
{"title":"Plumbagin is a NF-κB-inducing kinase inhibitor with dual anabolic and antiresorptive effects that prevents menopausal-related osteoporosis in mice.","authors":"Gengyang Shen, Xin Liu, Wei Lei, Rong Duan, Zhenqiang Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis is caused by enhanced bone resorption and relatively reduced bone formation. There is an unmet need to develop new agents with both antiresorptive and anabolic effects to treat osteoporosis, although drugs with either effect alone are available. A small molecular compound, plumbagin, was reported to inhibit receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand-induced osteoclast (OC) differentiation by inhibiting IκBα phosphorylation-mediated canonical NF-κB activation. However, the key transcriptional factor RelA/p65 in canonical NF-κB pathway functions to promote OC precursor survival but not terminal OC differentiation. Here, we found that plumbagin inhibited the activity of NF-κB inducing kinase, the key molecule that controls noncanonical NF-κB signaling, in an ATP/ADP-based kinase assay. Consistent with this, plumbagin inhibited processing of NF-κB2 p100 to p52 in the progenitor cells of both OCs and osteoblasts (OBs). Interestingly, plumbagin not only inhibited OC but also stimulated OB differentiation in vitro. Importantly, plumbagin prevented trabecular bone loss in ovariectomized mice. This was associated with decreased OC surfaces on trabecular surface and increased parameters of OBs, including OB surface on trabecular surface, bone formation rate, and level of serum osteocalcin, compared to vehicle-treated mice. In summary, we conclude that plumbagin is a NF-κB-inducing kinase inhibitor with dual anabolic and antiresorptive effects on bone and could represent a new class of agent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13243,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","volume":"25 1","pages":"101767"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8958545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84355444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hybrid Active and Passive Sensing for SLAM in Wireless Communication Systems","authors":"Jie Yang, Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2022.3156630.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2022.3156630.","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating sensing functions into future mobile equipment has become an important trend. Realizing different types of sensing and achieving mutual enhancement under the existing communication hardware architecture is a crucial challenge in realizing the deep integration of sensing and communication. In the 5G New Radio context, active sensing can be performed through uplink beam sweeping on the user equipment (UE) side to observe the surrounding environment. In addition, the UE can perform passive sensing through downlink channel estimation to measure the multipath component (MPC) information. This study is the first to develop a hybrid simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) mechanism that combines active and passive sensing, in which mutual enhancement between the two sensing modes is realized in communication systems. Specifically, we first establish a common feature associated with the reflective surface to bridge active and passive sensing, thus enabling information fusion. Based on the common feature, we can attain physical anchor initialization through MPC with the assistance of active sensing. Then, we extend the classic probabilistic data association SLAM mechanism to achieve UE localization and continuously refine the physical anchor and target reflections through the subsequent passive sensing. Numerical results show that the proposed hybrid active and passive sensing-based SLAM mechanism can work successfully in tricky scenarios without any prior information on the floor plan, anchors, or agents. Moreover, the proposed algorithm demonstrates significant performance gains compared with active or passive sensing only mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":13243,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","volume":"40 1","pages":"2146-2163"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41957084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3-D Deployment of UAV Swarm for Massive MIMO Communications","authors":"Ning Gao, Xiao Li, Shi Jin, M. Matthaiou","doi":"10.1145/3411043.3412502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411043.3412502","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the uplink transmission between a multi-antenna ground station and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm. The UAVs are assumed as intelligent agents, which can explore their optimal three dimensional (3-D) deployment to maximize the channel capacity of the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. Specifically, considering the limitations of each UAV in accessing the global information of the network, we focus on a decentralized control strategy by noting that each UAV in the swarm can only utilize the local information to achieve the optimal 3-D deployment. In this case, the optimization problem can be divided into several optimization sub-problems with respect to the rank function. Due to the non-convex nature of the rank function and the fact that the optimization sub-problems are coupled, the original problem is NP-hard and, thus, cannot be solved with standard convex optimization solvers. Interestingly, we can relax the constraint condition of each sub-problem and solve the optimization problem by a formulated UAVs channel capacity maximization game. We analyze such game according to the designed reward function and the potential function. Then, we discuss the existence of the pure Nash equilibrium in the game. To achieve the best Nash equilibrium of the MIMO system, we develop a decentralized learning algorithm, namely decentralized UAVs channel capacity learning. The details of the algorithm are provided, and then, the convergence, the effectiveness and the computational complexity are analyzed, respectively. Moreover, we give some insightful remarks based on the proofs and the theoretical analysis. Also, extensive simulations illustrate that the developed learning algorithm can achieve a high MIMO channel capacity by optimizing the 3-D UAV swarm deployment with the local information.","PeriodicalId":13243,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","volume":"38 1","pages":"3022-3034"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90121613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Duliński, R. Stankiewicz, Grzegorz Rzym, Piotr Wydrych
{"title":"Dynamic Traffic Management for SD-WAN Inter-Cloud Communication","authors":"Z. Duliński, R. Stankiewicz, Grzegorz Rzym, Piotr Wydrych","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2020.2986957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2020.2986957","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the concept, implementation and evaluation of Dynamic Traffic Management (DTM). This management mechanism minimizes traffic transfer costs on inter-domain links. It works for volume and $95^{th}$ percentile tariffs. DTM reacts dynamically to traffic changes on inter-domain links shifting some part of traffic (manageable traffic) from one link to another. The management mechanism works in a distributed way. It requires cooperation between operators, namely Internet Service Providers (ISPs), receiving and generating traffic. Communication between ISPs is realized by SDN controllers (inter-domain SDN). DTM has been applied to inter-cloud communication for Data Centers (DCs) located in different ISP domains. Moreover, it is cloud-agnostic, i.e., DTM does not engage Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) into management procedures. Evaluation performed in the testbed shows that DTM is capable of decreasing ISP costs of transit traffic up to 29%.","PeriodicalId":13243,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","volume":"38 1","pages":"1335-1351"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/JSAC.2020.2986957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42842918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yicong Zhang, Jie Li, S. Kimura, Wei Zhao, Sajal K. Das
{"title":"Atomic Predicates-Based Data Plane Properties Verification in Software Defined Networking Using Spark","authors":"Yicong Zhang, Jie Li, S. Kimura, Wei Zhao, Sajal K. Das","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2020.2986956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2020.2986956","url":null,"abstract":"Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an innovational network architecture which gives network administrators the ability to directly control the whole network by programming on a centralized controller. Due to network complexity, networks are unlikely to be bug-free. The ability to verify data plane properties will make network management easier for network administrators in SDN. In this paper, we present a novel atomic predicates based data plane properties verification method for SDN using Spark which is a big data processing framework. First, we verify packet reachability which is a fundamental data plane property. Then, we verify other data plane properties such as loop-freedom and nonexistence of black holes. In addition, the proposed method can detect a security threat existing in SDN called firewall bypass threat with packet reachability verification. By adopting atomic predicates, we achieve less computational and storage overhead. We implement the methods and study the performance. The results of experiments show that we can efficiently and accurately detect loops, black holes and firewall bypass threats.","PeriodicalId":13243,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","volume":"38 1","pages":"1308-1321"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/JSAC.2020.2986956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43421078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apoorv Shukla, Seifeddine Fathalli, T. Zinner, A. Hecker, S. Schmid
{"title":"P4Consist: Toward Consistent P4 SDNs","authors":"Apoorv Shukla, Seifeddine Fathalli, T. Zinner, A. Hecker, S. Schmid","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2020.2999653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2020.2999653","url":null,"abstract":"The prevailing wisdom is that a software-defined network (SDN) operates under the premise that the logically centralized control plane has an accurate representation of the actual data plane state. Unfortunately, bugs, misconfigurations, faults or attacks can introduce inconsistencies between the network control and the data plane that can undermine the correct operation at runtime. Through our experiments, we realize that P4 SDNs are no exception, and are prone to similar problems. With the aim to verify the control-data plane inconsistency, we present the design and implementation of P4Consist, a system to detect the inconsistency between control and data plane in P4 SDNs. P4Consist generates active probe-based traffic continuously or periodically as an input to the P4 SDNs to check whether the actual behavior on the data plane corresponds to the expected control plane behavior. In P4Consist, the control plane and the data plane generate independent reports which are later, compared to verify the control-data plane consistency. The previous works in the field of monitoring and verification mostly aim to test the P4 programs through static analysis and thus, are insufficient to verify the network consistency at runtime. Experiments with our prototype implementation of P4Consist are promising and show that P4Consist can verify the control-data plane consistency in the complex datacenter 4-ary fat-tree (20 switches) and multipath grid (4, 9 and 16 switches) topologies with 60k rules per switch within a minimum time of 4 minutes. At the same time, P4Consist scales to multiple source-destination pairs to detect control-data plane inconsistency.","PeriodicalId":13243,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","volume":"38 1","pages":"1293-1307"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/JSAC.2020.2999653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44994499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Table of contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/jsac.2020.2999118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2020.2999118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13243,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/jsac.2020.2999118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45218695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uninterruptible IMS: Maintaining Users Access During Faults in Virtualized IP Multimedia Subsystem","authors":"M. T. Raza, Songwu Lu","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2020.2999686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2020.2999686","url":null,"abstract":"Network function virtualization (NFV) of IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) pose promise to service increasing multimedia traffic demand. In this paper, we show that virtualized IMS (vIMS) is unable to provide session-level resilience under faults and becomes the bottleneck to high service availability. We propose a design to provide fault-tolerance for vIMS operations. In control-plane, our system decomposes single IMS operation into different atomic actions, and partition these actions into critical and non-critical actions. Only the critical actions are then monitored in real time and the system can easily resume IMS operations after failure. In data-plane, we decompose multimedia traffic flows and partition each multimedia service as a separate Virtualized Network Function (VNF). Through data-plane partitioning, our design restricts the damage from faults to only failed VNF. Thereafter, impacted service flow is merged with other ongoing service flows. We build our system prototype of open source IMS over virtualized platform. Our results show that we can achieve session-level resilience by performing fail-over procedure within tens of milliseconds under different combinations of IMS failures in both control-plane and data-plane operations.","PeriodicalId":13243,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","volume":"38 1","pages":"1464-1477"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/JSAC.2020.2999686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48962257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}