Jun Fu, Jing Liu, Yuhang Wang, Jin Zhou, Changyong Wang, Hanqing Lu
{"title":"Stacked Deconvolutional Network for Semantic Segmentation.","authors":"Jun Fu, Jing Liu, Yuhang Wang, Jin Zhou, Changyong Wang, Hanqing Lu","doi":"10.1109/TIP.2019.2895460","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIP.2019.2895460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent progress in semantic segmentation has been driven by improving the spatial resolution under Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs). To address this problem, we propose a Stacked Deconvolutional Network (SDN) for semantic segmentation. In SDN, multiple shallow deconvolutional networks, which are called as SDN units, are stacked one by one to integrate contextual information and bring the fine recovery of localization information. Meanwhile, inter-unit and intra-unit connections are designed to assist network training and enhance feature fusion since the connections improve the flow of information and gradient propagation throughout the network. Besides, hierarchical supervision is applied during the upsampling process of each SDN unit, which enhances the discrimination of feature representations and benefits the network optimization. We carry out comprehensive experiments and achieve the new state-ofthe- art results on four datasets, including PASCAL VOC 2012, CamVid, GATECH, COCO Stuff. In particular, our best model without CRF post-processing achieves an intersection-over-union score of 86.6% in the test set.</p>","PeriodicalId":13217,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36916270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monocular Depth Estimation with Augmented Ordinal Depth Relationships.","authors":"Yuanzhouhan Cao, Tianqi Zhao, Ke Xian, Chunhua Shen, Zhiguo Cao, Shugong Xu","doi":"10.1109/TIP.2018.2877944","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIP.2018.2877944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most existing algorithms for depth estimation from single monocular images need large quantities of metric groundtruth depths for supervised learning. We show that relative depth can be an informative cue for metric depth estimation and can be easily obtained from vast stereo videos. Acquiring metric depths from stereo videos is sometimes impracticable due to the absence of camera parameters. In this paper, we propose to improve the performance of metric depth estimation with relative depths collected from stereo movie videos using existing stereo matching algorithm.We introduce a new \"Relative Depth in Stereo\" (RDIS) dataset densely labelled with relative depths. We first pretrain a ResNet model on our RDIS dataset. Then we finetune the model on RGB-D datasets with metric ground-truth depths. During our finetuning, we formulate depth estimation as a classification task. This re-formulation scheme enables us to obtain the confidence of a depth prediction in the form of probability distribution. With this confidence, we propose an information gain loss to make use of the predictions that are close to ground-truth. We evaluate our approach on both indoor and outdoor benchmark RGB-D datasets and achieve state-of-the-art performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13217,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36624481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep Active Learning with Contaminated Tags for Image Aesthetics Assessment.","authors":"Zhenguang Liu, Zepeng Wang, Yiyang Yao, Luming Zhang, Ling Shao","doi":"10.1109/TIP.2018.2828326","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TIP.2018.2828326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Image aesthetic quality assessment has becoming an indispensable technique that facilitates a variety of image applications, e.g., photo retargeting and non-realistic rendering. Conventional approaches suffer from the following limitations: 1) the inefficiency of semantically describing images due to the inherent tag noise and incompletion, 2) the difficulty of accurately reflecting how humans actively perceive various regions inside each image, and 3) the challenge of incorporating the aesthetic experiences of multiple users. To solve these problems, we propose a novel semi-supervised deep active learning (SDAL) algorithm, which discovers how humans perceive semantically important regions from a large quantity of images partially assigned with contaminated tags. More specifically, as humans usually attend to the foreground objects before understanding them, we extract a succinct set of BING (binarized normed gradients) [60]-based object patches from each image. To simulate human visual perception, we propose SDAL which hierarchically learns human gaze shifting path (GSP) by sequentially linking semantically important object patches from each scenery. Noticeably, SDLA unifies the semantically important regions discovery and deep GSP feature learning into a principled framework, wherein only a small proportion of tagged images are adopted. Moreover, based on the sparsity penalty, SDLA can optimally abandon the noisy or redundant low-level image features. Finally, by leveraging the deeply-learned GSP features, a probabilistic model is developed for image aesthetics assessment, where the experience of multiple professional photographers can be encoded. Besides, auxiliary quality-related features can be conveniently integrated into our probabilistic model. Comprehensive experiments on a series of benchmark image sets have demonstrated the superiority of our method. As a byproduct, eye tracking experiments have shown that GSPs generated by our SDAL are about 93% consistent with real human gaze shifting paths.</p>","PeriodicalId":13217,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36302732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital affine shear filter banks with 2-layer structure","authors":"Zhihua Che, X. Zhuang","doi":"10.1109/SAMPTA.2017.8024369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAMPTA.2017.8024369","url":null,"abstract":"Affine shear tight frames with 2-layer structure are introduced. Characterizations and constructions of smooth affine shear tight frames with 2-layer structure are provided. Digital affine shear banks with 2-layer structure are then constructed. The implementation of digital affine shear transforms using the transition and subdivision operators are given. Numerical experiments on image denoising demonstrate the advantage of our digital affine shear filter banks with 2-layer structure.","PeriodicalId":13217,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","volume":"1 1","pages":"575-579"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/SAMPTA.2017.8024369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62542429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved Denoising via Poisson Mixture Modeling of Image Sensor Noise","authors":"Jiachao Zhang, Keigo Hirakawa","doi":"10.1109/TIP.2017.2651365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2017.2651365","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a study aimed at comparing the real image sensor noise distribution to the models of noise often assumed in image denoising designs. A quantile analysis in pixel, wavelet transform, and variance stabilization domains reveal that the tails of Poisson, signal-dependent Gaussian, and Poisson–Gaussian models are too short to capture real sensor noise behavior. A new Poisson mixture noise model is proposed to correct the mismatch of tail behavior. Based on the fact that noise model mismatch results in image denoising that undersmoothes real sensor data, we propose a mixture of Poisson denoising method to remove the denoising artifacts without affecting image details, such as edge and textures. Experiments with real sensor data verify that denoising for real image sensor data is indeed improved by this new technique.","PeriodicalId":13217,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","volume":"26 1","pages":"1565-1578"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TIP.2017.2651365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62582187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-Additive Imprecise Image Super-Resolution in a Semi-Blind Context","authors":"Fares Graba, F. Comby, O. Strauss","doi":"10.1109/TIP.2016.2621414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2016.2621414","url":null,"abstract":"The most effective superresolution methods proposed in the literature require precise knowledge of the so-called point spread function of the imager, while in practice its accurate estimation is nearly impossible. This paper presents a new superresolution method, whose main feature is its ability to account for the scant knowledge of the imager point spread function. This ability is based on representing this imprecise knowledge via a non-additive neighborhood function. The superresolution reconstruction algorithm transfers this imprecise knowledge to output by producing an imprecise (interval-valued) high-resolution image. We propose some experiments illustrating the robustness of the proposed method with respect to the imager point spread function. These experiments also highlight its high performance compared with very competitive earlier approaches. Finally, we show that the imprecision of the high-resolution interval-valued reconstructed image is a reconstruction error marker.","PeriodicalId":13217,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","volume":"26 1","pages":"1379-1392"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TIP.2016.2621414","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62575631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bayesian Contrast Measures and Clutter Distribution Determinants of Human Target Detection","authors":"A. Novak, N. Armstrong, T. Caelli, Iain Blair","doi":"10.1109/TIP.2016.2644269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2016.2644269","url":null,"abstract":"Human target detection is known to be dependent on a number of components: one, basic electro-optics including image contrast, the target size, pixel resolution, and contrast sensitivity; two, target shape, image type and features, types of clutter; and three, context and task requirements. Here, we consider a Bayesian approach to investigating how these components contribute to target detection. To this end, we develop and compare three different formulations for contrast: mean contrast, perceptual contrast, and a Bayesian-based histogram contrast statistic. Results on past detection data show how the latter contrast measure correlates well with human performance factoring out all other dimensions. As for clutter, our findings show that with large targets, there are effectively no clutter effects. Furthermore, clutter does not have a major effect on detection when it is not contiguous with the target even when it is smaller. However, except for large targets, when the target is contiguous with the clutter, detection clearly decreases as a function of the similarity of target and clutter features—creating type of “clutter camouflage”. This Bayesian formulation uses priors based on the contrast histogram statistics derived from all the images, the image context, and implies that human observers have adapted their criteria to fit with the image set, context, and task.","PeriodicalId":13217,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","volume":"26 1","pages":"1115-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TIP.2016.2644269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62581026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Waterloo Exploration Database: New Challenges for Image Quality Assessment Models","authors":"Kede Ma, Zhengfang Duanmu, Q. Wu, Zhou Wang, Hongwei Yong, Hongliang Li, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TIP.2016.2631888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2016.2631888","url":null,"abstract":"The great content diversity of real-world digital images poses a grand challenge to image quality assessment (IQA) models, which are traditionally designed and validated on a handful of commonly used IQA databases with very limited content variation. To test the generalization capability and to facilitate the wide usage of IQA techniques in real-world applications, we establish a large-scale database named the Waterloo Exploration Database, which in its current state contains 4744 pristine natural images and 94 880 distorted images created from them. Instead of collecting the mean opinion score for each image via subjective testing, which is extremely difficult if not impossible, we present three alternative test criteria to evaluate the performance of IQA models, namely, the pristine/distorted image discriminability test, the listwise ranking consistency test, and the pairwise preference consistency test (P-test). We compare 20 well-known IQA models using the proposed criteria, which not only provide a stronger test in a more challenging testing environment for existing models, but also demonstrate the additional benefits of using the proposed database. For example, in the P-test, even for the best performing no-reference IQA model, more than 6 million failure cases against the model are “discovered” automatically out of over 1 billion test pairs. Furthermore, we discuss how the new database may be exploited using innovative approaches in the future, to reveal the weaknesses of existing IQA models, to provide insights on how to improve the models, and to shed light on how the next-generation IQA models may be developed. The database and codes are made publicly available at: https://ece.uwaterloo.ca/~k29ma/exploration/.","PeriodicalId":13217,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","volume":"26 1","pages":"1004-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TIP.2016.2631888","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62578720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Intrinsic-Lighting Color Space for Daytime Outdoor Images","authors":"Zhi Han, Jiandong Tian, Liangqiong Qu, Yandong Tang","doi":"10.1109/TIP.2016.2642788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2016.2642788","url":null,"abstract":"Extracting or separating intrinsic information and illumination from natural images is crucial for better solving computer vision tasks. In this paper, we present a new illumination-based color space, the IL (intrinsic information and lighting level) space. Its first two channels represent 2D intrinsic information, and the third channel is for lighting levels. The IL color space has a one-to-one correspondence with the RGB color space. One valuable benefit of the IL color space is that illumination-related processing can be realized by directly operating on the lighting channel. As an example, based on the extracted lighting channel, we propose a new algorithm to estimate the intrinsic lighting level of an image such that the shadow-free color image and relighting series are obtained. In contrast to the existing color spaces for display or printing, the IL color space intuitively shows the information of reflectance and lighting levels for colors separately","PeriodicalId":13217,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","volume":"26 1","pages":"1031-1039"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TIP.2016.2642788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62580232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ORGM: Occlusion Relational Graphical Model for Human Pose Estimation","authors":"Lianrui Fu, Junge Zhang, Kaiqi Huang","doi":"10.1109/TIP.2016.2639441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2016.2639441","url":null,"abstract":"Articulated human pose estimation from monocular image is a challenging problem in computer vision. Occlusion is a main challenge for human pose estimation, which is largely ignored in popular tree structured models. The tree structured model is simple and convenient for exact inference, but short in modeling the occlusion coherence especially in the case of self-occlusion. We propose an occlusion relational graphical model, which is able to model both self-occlusion and occlusion by the other objects simultaneously. The proposed model can encode the interactions between human body parts and objects, and enables it to learn occlusion coherence from data discriminatively. We evaluate our model on several public benchmarks for human pose estimation, including challenging subsets featuring significant occlusion. The experimental results show that our method is superior to the previous state-of-the-arts, and is robust to occlusion for 2D human pose estimation.","PeriodicalId":13217,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","volume":"26 1","pages":"927-941"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TIP.2016.2639441","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62578622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}