PSN: Public Spending (Development) (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Fixed Effects Spatial Panel Data Model with Time-Varying Spatial Dependence: An Application to Regional Expenditure Competition in China","authors":"Juncong Guo, X. Qu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3364261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3364261","url":null,"abstract":"To analyze the variation of spatial spillover effects over time as well as control unobserved individual-specific features, we extend the fixed effects spatial panel data model by introducing time-varying spatial dependence. For estimation, we propose a two-stage least squares method and the quasi-maximum likelihood approach. Finite sample properties of these two methods are investigated through Monte Carlo simulations. We apply the model to study the expenditure competition among county-level governments in China from 2002 to 2016. Our empirical findings show that the downward pressure of the economy in 2007-2008 and 2015 may lead to stronger competition. Central government regulation on official assessment after 2013 may cause weaker competition.","PeriodicalId":132067,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Public Spending (Development) (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131189814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Year-End Federal Spending and Government Waste: Reforming 'Use It or Lose It' Rules","authors":"Jason J. Fichtner, J. Albanese","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3232845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3232845","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of every fiscal year, US government agencies spend large sums of their budgets in a potentially wasteful manner. These year-end spending surges are described by the “use it or lose it” phenomenon, which is driven by a fear that leftover resources will prompt future budget cuts. Every year the media documents examples of wasteful year-end spending, but there has been little empirical research on the phenomenon. This paper examines existing literature on the prevalence, consequences, wastefulness, and causes of year-end spending surges. It reviews previous efforts to examine year-end spending and, using publicly available data, analyzes whether the quality of year-end spending is lower than spending at other points during the year. The paper does not find obvious indicators that year-end spending quality is worse than other spending. Future studies may be able to find more definitive evidence, given further data availability or different methodologies.","PeriodicalId":132067,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Public Spending (Development) (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126330619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keynes's Principles of European Reconstruction","authors":"G. M. Ambrosi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3032293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3032293","url":null,"abstract":"In 1922-3 J.M. Keynes was general editor of a series of 12 publications on The Reconstruction in Europe. (Manchester Guardian Commercial Supplements). Its contents are little known today, although when published it had an extraordinarily wide readership, having been published simultaneously in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish. Its contributors were politicians (Lloyd George, UK, Calvin Coolidge, USA, etc.), bankers (Paul Warburg, USA, Hjalmar Schacht, Germany, Josiah Stamp, UK, etc.), famous socialists (Rudolf Hilferding, Germany, Maxim Gorki, USSR, Jean Longuet, France, grandson of Karl Marx, etc.), economists (Gustav Cassel, Sweden, A.C. Pigou, UK, Charles Gide and Charles Rist, France, etc.), and Nobel Laureates for Peace (Norman Angell, Frithjof Nansen). A most prominent contributor was Keynes himself. At the end of the series, in January 1923, Keynes reflected on “The Underlying Principles”, focussing in particular on “Pacifism” and “Population” as principles for a future reconstruction in Europe. The article argues that in his endeavours for the reconstruction in Europe Keynes practiced a third principle, namely that of pragmatism. It kept him from underwriting propagandistic programmes for Pan Europeanism although the reconstruction of the basic unity of Europe was his major aim. Practicing this principle Keynes laid important foundations for the European integration which did happen after World War II. He did not live to see the success of his life-long endeavours. The article ends with the claim that Keynes definitely should have a place of special honour in the Pantheon of Pan European personalities.","PeriodicalId":132067,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Public Spending (Development) (Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131121671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electoral Reciprocity in Programmatic Redistribution: Experimental Evidence","authors":"Sebastian Galiani, N. Hajj, Pablo Ibarraran, N. Krishnaswamy, Patrick J. McEwan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2833667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2833667","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed two conditional cash transfers experiments that preceded Honduran presidential elections in 2001 and 2013. In the first, smaller transfers had no effects on voter turnout or incumbent vote share. In the second, larger transfers increased turnout and incumbent share in similar magnitudes, consistent with the mobilization of the incumbent party base rather than vote switching. Moreover, we found that turnout and incumbent share increased when cumulative payments were similar, but larger payments were made closer to the elections. As in prior lab experiments, individuals seem to overweight “peak” and “end” payments in their retrospective estimation of net benefits. We further argue that a model of intrinsically-reciprocal voters is most consistent with the findings.","PeriodicalId":132067,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Public Spending (Development) (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116651366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efecto del gasto en el índice de desarrollo humano en Aguascalientes en el periodo 2000-2010 (Public Spending Effects on the Human Development of Aguascalientes During the Period 2000–2010)","authors":"Rubén Macías, Manuel Díaz, Roberto González Acolt","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3314459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3314459","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> El gasto público se vincula directamente con el bienestar social. Los recursos asignados del Gobierno permiten incrementar el desarrollo humano, mejorando las condiciones de vida sociales mediante políticas públicas (salud, educación e ingresos). El objetivo del estudio es medir el bienestar social en Aguascalientes mediante el cálculo del índice del desarrollo humano (idh) tomado del Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (pnud). Se contrastará con los recursos asignados al ramo 33, y se analizará su impacto en seguridad social, educación e inversión. El enfoque teórico metodológico revisa la teoría del bienestar de Amartya Sen, utilizando el método cuantitativo. Los resultados muestran que el incremento de las aportaciones del ramo 33 en la entidad, del 2000 al 2010 (300%), no son proporcionales a los aumentos en el idh (de 0.8269 a 0.8529). El análisis muestra el estancamiento del desarrollo humano estatal y destaca como reto gubernamental el incremento en los salarios.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> Public spending is directly linked to social welfare. The resources allocated by the government enable human development by improving social conditions through public policies (health, education and income). The objective of this study is to measure the welfare in Aguascalientes by calculating the human development index (HDI) taken from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). This will be contrasted with the resources allocated to Sector 33, and will analyze their impact on social security, education and investment. The theoretical methodological approach reviews the theory of welfare of Amartya Sen, using the quantitative method. The results show that the increase in the contributions of Sector 33 as an entity from 2000 to 2010 (300 %), is not proportional to the increases in the HDI (0.8269 to 0.8529). The analysis shows the stagnation of state sponsored human development and highlights as a governmental challenge the increase in wages.","PeriodicalId":132067,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Public Spending (Development) (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127731418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in National Spending on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control in Thailand from 2008 to 2013","authors":"P. Prakongsai, Shaheda Viriyadhorn, K. Pachanee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2468957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2468957","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV/AIDS infection has been the major contributor for mortality and burden of disease among Thais for decades. Studies on burden of diseases in Thailand show the increasing DALY loss from HIV/AIDS from 1999 to 2004, but a decreasing trend in 2009 due to the nationwide implementation of the policy on universal access to anti-retroviral therapy in 2006. Objective: To describe trend in magnitude, proportion of domestic and international financing sources, and financial resources allocated for HIV/AIDS prevention and control in Thailand from 2008 to 2013, and to identify factors contributing to effective financial management and monitoring system. Methods: With the application of Guide to Produce National AIDS Spending Assessment (NASA) 2009, a two dimensional matrix of financing sources and beneficiary population by healthcare function was produced. Comprehensive literature review and compilation of secondary data on actual expenditure on HIV/AIDS where available, from relevant financing agencies and institutes were carried out. The most up-to-date country’s GDP for 2010-2013 were retrieved from the website of the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) of Thailand. Total Health Expenditure for 2008-2011 was retrieved from the National Health Account (NHA) database, and the total health expenditure for 2012-2013 were estimated based on the historical growth of Thailand’s total health expenditure. Results: Total expenditures on HIV/AIDS increased significantly from 230.9 million USD in 2008 to 282.9 and 287.3 million USD in 2012 & 2013, respectively. During this 6-year period, spending on HIV/AIDS was highest in 2011 as 330.7 million USD. The share of expenditures on HIV/AIDS as percentage of total health expenditure (THE) increased from 1.9% in 2008 to 2.4% and 2.2% of THE in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The amount of total AIDS spending per capita ranged from 3.3 to 5.1 USD per capita during the studied period. Domestic funding accounted for the majority of the HIV/AIDS financing in Thailand, but most of the spending was emphasized on care and treatment. During 2009-2013, only 13% to 17% of total AIDS expenditure in Thailand was spent on prevention activities. In 2012 and 2013, it was found that only 11% of total spending on prevention was spent on prevention activities for key population including sex workers, MSM, and people with intravenous drug use (PWID). It is noteworthy that most preventive programs, particularly prevention for key populations including sex workers, MSM, and PWID, were mainly contributed by the Global Fund (GF) and other international resources. Domestic resources were mainly allocated for universal access to ART, and care and treatment activities. Conclusions: Thailand has shown its attempt to be self-reliant in combating HIV/AIDS. Nevertheless, care and treatment expenditures overshadow prevention, and most of the preventive programs, particularly prevention for key populations were mainly finance","PeriodicalId":132067,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Public Spending (Development) (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128812213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Особенности Осуществления Закупок Для Государственных Нужд На Уровне Субъектов Рф и Разработка Предложений По Повышению Эффективности (Features of Purchasing for State Needs on Regional Level and Development of Proposals for Effectiveness Increasing)","authors":"Yurу Tukanоv","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2433538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2433538","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: Повышение эффективности и прозрачности государственных контрактных систем является постоянной заботой национальных правительств и международных организаций. Всеми признано, что повышение эффективности использования государственных средств требует наличия адекватной национальной контрактной системы, отвечающей международным стандартам и функционирующей эффективным и надлежащим образом. English Abstract: Improving the efficiency and transparency of state contract systems is a constant concern of national governments and international organizations. All recognized that the increase of efficiency of use of public funds requires adequate national contract-based system that meets international standards and operating an effective and appropriate manner.","PeriodicalId":132067,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Public Spending (Development) (Topic)","volume":"2006 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125564082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Institutions and Government Spending Behavior in Iran","authors":"S. Dizaji, M. Farzanegan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2398312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2398312","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how quality of political institutions affects the distribution of government budget and how development of government spending in major sections shapes the political institutions in Iran. This question has become especially important due to recent international sanctions, aiming to change the political behavior of Iran. We use the impulse response functions (IRF) and variance decomposition analysis (VDC) on the basis of Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model with annual data from 1960 to 2006. Our results show the importance of political institutions in patronage and public goods provision spending in Iran. The results imply that a shock in positive changes of democratic quality of institutions leads to negative and statistically significant response of military spending and positive and statistically significant response of education expenditures in short term. If sanctions are successful to change the political behavior of Iran in short run (Dizaji and Bergeijk, 2013), then one can also expect to see a reduction in allocated budget for military in Iran.","PeriodicalId":132067,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Public Spending (Development) (Topic)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132569749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the Existence of Wagner Law and Government Expenditure Volatility in Indonesia Post-Reformation Era","authors":"Y. Permana, Gek Sintha Mas Jasmin Wika","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2314712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2314712","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this study is to identify the existence of Wagner’s Law in Indonesia economy during post-reformation era. This study takes period sample of five regimes during 1999-2011, which are following: a) Development Reformation Regime; b) National Unity Regime; c) Mutual Cooperation Regime; d) Indonesia Unite I Regime; e) Indonesia Unite II Regime. In order to test the existence of Wagner’s Law, we also elaborate exogenous variable (tax revenue and population) as variable control. We find the result that Wagner Law did occur in post-reformation era by performing an ARDL co-integration model, yet volatility of government expenditure has to be captured. Hence, we run a GARCH model to estimate the volatility of government expenditure by elaborating the regime variable. The ARDL approach, causality test and co-integration test also support the existing of Wagner Law in this study.","PeriodicalId":132067,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Public Spending (Development) (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132735777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Government Borrowing in Europe – Lessons for Croatia","authors":"S. Drezgić","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2239318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2239318","url":null,"abstract":"The paper surveys models of local public borrowing across Europe. It begins by discussing some theoretical issues on local deficit financing. Positive and negative sides of local public borrowing are analysed. Legal framework for local borrowing in EU members and the relation between the sub-national government fiscal discipline and rigidity of constraints on borrowing is also examined. At the end, Croatian model of local borrowing is presented. Some lessons are drawn from experience of EU countries. Finally, according to theoretical and empirical finding, some proposals for improving the Croatian model of sub-national borrowing are stipulated.","PeriodicalId":132067,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Public Spending (Development) (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122208042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}