I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald最新文献

{"title":"Role of lipid metabolism and systemic inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis in animal models","authors":"S. Kotlyarov, A. Kotlyarova","doi":"10.23888/PAVLOVJ2021291134-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ2021291134-146","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic inflammation makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and has been the subject of numerous studies. Works aiming to analyze the mechanisms of atherosclerosis development often include experiments on animals. A primary task of such research is the characterization, justification, and selection of an adequate model. Aim. To evaluate the peculiarities of lipid metabolism and systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. Materials and Methods . Analyses of cross-links between species-specific peculiarities of lipid metabolism and the immune response, as well as a bioinformatic analysis of differences in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in mice, rats, and rabbits in comparison with its human homolog, were carried out. A search for and analysis of the amino acid sequences of human, mouse, rat, and rabbit TLR4 was performed in the International database GenBank of National Center of Biotechnical Information and in The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) database. Multiple alignments of the TLR4 amino acid sequences were implemented in the Clustal Omega program, version 1.2.4. Reconstruction and visualization of molecular phylogenetic trees were performed using the MEGA7 program according to the Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Parsimony methods. Results. Species-specific differences of the peculiarities of lipid metabolism and the innate immune response in humans, mice, and rabbits were shown that must be taken into account in analyses of study results. Conclusion. Disorders in lipid metabolism and systemic inflammation mediated by the innate immune system participating in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in COPD possess species-specific differences that should be taken into account in analyses of study results.","PeriodicalId":13184,"journal":{"name":"I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald","volume":"22 1","pages":"134-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74578414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Certain aspects of psychomotor activity in different styles of cognitive activity of an individual","authors":"I. Belskikh, Alina I. Belogurova","doi":"10.23888/PAVLOVJ202129135-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ202129135-44","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. This investigation studies the parameters of the psychomotor components of the types of the nervous system (NS) of personality in different styles of cognitive functioning. Materials and Methods . One hundred medical university students (mean age 22.01±1.84 years, 15 males and 85 females) were examined. Experimental research methods: 1. Express method for determining the properties of the NS – computer modification of the tapping test of E.P. Ilyin – Psychomotor test of the NS (Neurosoft, Ivanovo). Criteria of strength, endurance, and lability of nervous processes in connection with the intensity of work. 2. Assessment of cognitive functioning – a method of discrimination of the properties of concepts (cognitive style concrete/abstract conceptualization). Results. All participants were ranked to 4 poles of cognitive style: 1 – abstract subjectivity of conceptualization (4.9%); 2 – abstract realism of conceptualization (10.1%); 3 – concrete subjectivity of conceptualization (9.5%); 4 – concrete realism of conceptualization (5.3%). In the group of studied individuals, a descending graph of movement speed dominated (61%), which corresponds to a weak type of NS; 10% of participants had a strong type of NS characterized by a convex graph type; a flat type was identified in 14% of patients. This type indicates a medium strength of the NS. Intermediate and concave types were diagnosed in 15% of participants, which corresponds to a moderately weak type of NS. In the statistical analysis of psychomotor NS parameters participant groups with different poles of conceptualization expression according to the criteria of E.P. Ilyin, the data obtained showed an interrelationship between a strong type of NS and a subjective concrete conceptualization. It was an expressed style of realistic abstractness and a weak type of NS. Conclusion. The maximum frequency of the tapping test, being a parameter of the speed aspect of psychomotor activity, allows using this criterion to assess the overall activity and the style peculiarities of the cognitive activity, expressed in different types of conceptualization. Peculiarities of cognitive activity, expressed in the increased subjectiveness of conceptualization, correlate with functional mobility enhancement of the cortical processes, increase in information processing speed, and the effectiveness of integrative brain activity.","PeriodicalId":13184,"journal":{"name":"I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald","volume":"34 1","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73136161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clinical case of successful treatment of complete abruption of the trachea from the larynx","authors":"Mikheev V. Mikheev, S. N. Trushin","doi":"10.23888/PAVLOVJ2021291117-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ2021291117-124","url":null,"abstract":"Tracheobronchial injuries as a consequence of chest blunt trauma are rare. Blunt traumas of the cervical part of the trachea are a rarer pathology presenting a serious diagnostic problem for a clinician. Traumas of the larynx and the trachea account for 40 to 80% of lethality. The trachea’s cervical part is vulnerable despite that it is covered with the neck muscles, spine, clavicles, and mandible. In cut/stab wounds, the trachea’s cervical part is often damaged together with the adjacent structures. In blunt trauma, under a direct action of a traumatizing agent, the mobile trachea displaces toward the spine, accompanied by damage to the tracheal cartilages, its membranous part, and the soft surrounding tissues with preservation of the integrity of the skin. Tracheal ruptures along the distance up to 1 cm from the cricoid cartilage account for not more than 4% of all tracheal ruptures. A complete tracheal rupture and its abruption from the larynx are extremely rare pathology. Because of severe respiratory disorders, most victims die at the site where their injury occurred. This article presents a clinical case of the successful treatment of patient Z., 41 years of age, with complete tracheal abruption from the larynx. The cause of tracheal damage was blunt neck trauma in a traffic accident. A peculiarity of this clinical case was that the victim arrived at a specialized thoracic surgery unit with a functioning tracheostomy two days after the trauma. Conclusion . Tracheal trauma is a potentially fatal condition. Therefore, early diagnosis of tracheobronchial damage is essential since it permits timely surgical intervention and diminished risk of lethal outcome. When dealing with patients with trauma of the head, neck, and chest with non-corresponding clinical data and the absence of effective recommended standard therapeutic measures, a clinician should become alert and exclude the tracheal and bronchial damage. X-ray computed tomography and fibrotracheobronchoscopy are strongly recommended as reliable methods to diagnose tracheobronchial damages. In a surgical intervention, it is necessary to perform the primary suture on the trachea, avoid preventive tracheostomy, and delay interventions associated with poorer prognosis and a high complication rate.","PeriodicalId":13184,"journal":{"name":"I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald","volume":"17 1","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89802878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of successful surgical treatment of patient with adrenal cyst using 3-d modeling","authors":"I. Andreev, A. Kolsanov, S. Katorkin, E. Shestakov, L. Lichman","doi":"10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284530-535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284530-535","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Demonstration of potentials of preoperative planning and implementation of surgical resection in patients with adrenal cysts. A clinical observation of a successful surgical treatment of a rare pathology – cyst of the right adrenal is presented. The choice of surgical treatment tactics is determined by the size of tumor and clinical presentation of the disease. The surgical treatment was accomplished laparoscopically which permitted to reduce the time of recovery and rehabilitation of the patient. In this clinical observation, the benefit of using 3D-modeling of the surgical area was shown for visualization of topographic and anatomic peculiarities and facilitation of the intraoperative navigation with the help of Avtoplan program developed by Samara State Medical University. Conclusion . Preoperative 3D-modeling permits to prepare to surgical intervention taking into account individual anatomic peculiarities of a patient, and to determine the optimal volume of the operation.","PeriodicalId":13184,"journal":{"name":"I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald","volume":"6 1","pages":"530-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80383497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of results of surgical treatment of giant hernias of inguinofemoral region by choice of method of hernioplasty (clinical case)","authors":"S. V. Leonchenko, M. L. Stavtsev","doi":"10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284525-529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284525-529","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Description of a clinical case pf patient K., 71 years old, as an illustration of the possibility to improve treatment of giant hernias in the inguinofemoral region. The patient was hospitalized with the diagnosis: bilateral giant irreducible inguinoscrotal hernia. The specificity of this case was implementation of the operation of hernioectomy from preperitoneal access with prosthetics of the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall with polypropylene (prolene) mesh on both sides. In a month after discharge from hospital the condition remained satisfactory, postoperative scar was normotrophic, testicles painless to palpation with a small amount of fluid in the dartos, skin of scrotum contracted. Conclusion. Hernioectomy from preperitoneal access with prosthetics of the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall with polypropylene (prolene) mesh in patients with giant, irreducible and recurrent hernias possesses a number of peculiarities in comparison with traditional methods, since it permits: 1) to fix endoprosthesis to permanent anatomical structures with simultaneous repair of all the defects of the transverse fascia; 2) to operate outside the zone of scar tissue in recurrent hernias; 3) to perform an adequate revision of the organs of the hernial sack in irreducible hernias; 4) to perform operations on patients with distinct comorbid pathology and contraindications to general anesthesia.","PeriodicalId":13184,"journal":{"name":"I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald","volume":"40 1","pages":"525-529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77979155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of endothelial function, of elasticity of vessel wall and their influence on one-year prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction with obstructive and non-obstructive coronary arteries","authors":"O. Fomina, S. Yakushin","doi":"10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284488-496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284488-496","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. This study was conducted to analyze the state of the endothelial function (EF) and elasticity of vessel walls and their influence on the 1-year prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) with obstructive and non-obstructive coronary arteries (CA) comparatively. Materials and Methods. At the first stage, 206 patients diagnosed with MI were selected. Among them, 103 patients had MI with non-obstructive CA (MINOCA) as indicated by coronaroangiography, and 103 patients had MI with obstructive CA (MIOCA). Through the random number method, 59 patients were selected (34 patients in the first group and 25 patients in the second group), and the EF and elastic properties of their arterial walls were evaluated. The patients in both groups were initially comparable in terms of age, gender, clinical, and medical history and the frequency of application of the main groups of medical drugs that influenced prognosis. The 1-year prognosis of the two groups of patients was studied on the basis of the presence/absence of the functional and morphological alterations of the vessel wall. Results. The evaluation of the EF of patients with MINOCA showed that the occlusion index by amplitude (OIA) was below the threshold values in 22 of 34 (64.7%) cases of MINOCA and 22 of 25 (88.0%, р 0.05). The comparison of the average values of this parameter did not show any statistically significant difference. The calculated augmentation indices normalized to the pulse rate of 75 beats per min (AIp75) in the study groups were 12.5 (9.9; 17.9) and 18.8 (12.9; 20.8), respectively (р>0.05). The elasticity of the vessel wall decreased in 82.4% of patients with MINOCA and 100% of patients with MIOCA (р 0.05). Conclusion. Functional changes in the vessel walls (endothelial dysfunction and reduction of vessel wall elasticity) of patients with MINOCA were recorded in almost 2/3 of the cases; however, the incidence in patients with MIOCA was still higher (88.0%) than that in patients with MINOCA. The 1-year prognosis in the study groups had no differences.","PeriodicalId":13184,"journal":{"name":"I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald","volume":"177 1","pages":"488-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83542762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance-induced psychosis and schizophrenia: the interaction point","authors":"I. Fedotov, Иван Александрович Федотов, D. Quattrone, Д Кватрон, D. Shustov, Д И Шустов","doi":"10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284593-604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284593-604","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most severe complications of narcotic drugs misuse are induced psychotic disorders. Their frequency is varies from 5.2 to 100% and depends on the type of drug. This review provides current data and discussion on the similarities and differences between induced psychosis and schizophrenia. Possible interaction of pathogenic pathways, the possibility of differentiation at the clinical level and the main difficulties in clear diagnostic are discussed. The problem of transformation of induced psychoses into schizophrenia and the significance of differentiated treatment are also considered.","PeriodicalId":13184,"journal":{"name":"I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald","volume":"12 1","pages":"593-604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85082172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reticulocyte haemoglobin content: 2020 update","authors":"Yuliana O. Eremina, C. Magalhães","doi":"10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284605-612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284605-612","url":null,"abstract":"The hemoglobin content of reticulocytes (Hb-ret) is an effective real-time hemoglobin synthesis status indicator that permits diagnosis and monitoring of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in all age groups with or without underlying diseases, including beta thalassemia. Hb-ret is less invasive than bone iron examination, less expensive than iron biochemical tests and might be available even in local laboratories. This review covers reports published mainly in 2020 and some other studies dedicated to clinical application of Hb-ret measured by Sysmex hematology analyzers.","PeriodicalId":13184,"journal":{"name":"I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald","volume":"8 1","pages":"605-612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84242374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective mechanisms of lungs","authors":"S. Shustova, T. A. Miroshkina","doi":"10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284567-577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284567-577","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory system maintains a close contact with the environment and is constantly exposed to numerous pathogenic factors. In response to action of pathogen, different strategies of specific and non-specific defense have been formed: barrier functions of the epithelium, defense reflexes (coughing, sneezing), muco-ciliary clearance, resident and recruited cells, secretion of a number of proteins and peptides with protective functions. Aim. To systematize modern concepts of the protective mechanisms of lungs on the basis of the data of the relevant literature. In the work, the mechanisms and clinical significance of muco-ciliary clearance, resident alveolar and recruited macrophages, epithelial cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets are analyzed. Conclusion . The presented mechanisms can counteract the action of various pathogenic agents with sufficient effectiveness. However, in some cases an organism develops insufficient, excessive or perverted response to permeation of pathogens. This results in damage to the lung tissue by exogenous agents and/or by self immune system. Knowledge of protective mechanisms realized in the respiratory system, is necessary for understanding pathogenesis of respiratory diseases and for choice of the optimal treatment tactics.","PeriodicalId":13184,"journal":{"name":"I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald","volume":"25 1","pages":"567-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75613725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status and dynamics of parameters of use of bed capacity of oncological profile in Russian Federation","authors":"V. A. Evdakov, M. N. Banteva, E. Manoshkina, Y. Melnikov, L. Rugol","doi":"10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284462-478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020284462-478","url":null,"abstract":"In the Russian Federation (RF) a steady growth of morbidity with oncologic diseases is observed. An important factor of reduction of negative influence of oncopathology on the parameters of public health is provision of the population with specialists and beds of oncological profile, as well as their effective use. Aim. To determine the status and identify dynamics of the main parameters of use of beds of oncological profile of the state healthcare system of RF, federal districts and constituent entities of RF in comparison with tendencies of parameters of morbidity with malignant neoplasms, and also of provision of the population with medical personnel in the period from 2010 to 2019. Materials and Methods . Using the data of the Federal statistical observation forms (№30, 47, 14LC, 7) based on the calculation of absolute and relative parameters by the descriptive statistics method, the analysis of the main parameters of the use of bed resources of «oncology» profile was carried out in comparison with the parameters of morbidity with malignant neoplasms and provision of the population with medical personnel in 24-hour and day-stay hospitals in the Russian Federation, federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2010-2019. Results. During the study period, with the underlying increase in the morbidity of the population with diseases of «neoplasm» class (primarily, malignant) in the Russian Federation, there was found a regular increase in: the absolute number of oncological beds for 24-hour stay by 5.216 beds (+16.8%), provision with these beds from 2.17 to 2.47 per 10 000 population (+13.8%), hospitalization rate from 6.1 to 9.6 per 1000 population (+57.4%); and a decrease in: average stay in an oncological bed by 3.7 days (-30.6%, from 12.1 to 8.4 days), and the average bed occupancy by 15 days per year (-4.3%, from 345 to 330 days). Mortality in cancer beds increased from 0.76% in 2010 to 0.95% in 2019 (by 25.0%). There was an increase in the provision of the population with oncological beds in day-stay hospitals – by 3.4 times, in day-stay hospitals of polyclinics – by 63.6%. Conclusion. With the underlying growth of oncological morbidity in the country, the bed capacity of the oncological profile of 24-hour and day hospitals has significantly increased, with a high level of disproportional development of the bed capacity both between federal districts and between the subjects of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":13184,"journal":{"name":"I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald","volume":"73 1","pages":"462-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74074033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}