Horttechnology最新文献_第10页

Black Soldier Fly Frass Supports Plant Growth and Reduces Nitrogen Leaching during Coleus Production 黑兵飞草支持植物生长，减少色素生产过程中的氮淋失

IF 1 4区农林科学

Horttechnology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05093-22

J. Beasley, J. Kuehny, Thanos Gentimis, J. Fields

{"title":"Black Soldier Fly Frass Supports Plant Growth and Reduces Nitrogen Leaching during Coleus Production","authors":"J. Beasley, J. Kuehny, Thanos Gentimis, J. Fields","doi":"10.21273/horttech05093-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech05093-22","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial insect rearing is expected to increase as a feedstock to meet growing global food demand. This will lead to greater production of insect excreta known as frass, a nutrient-dense organic material that has shown promise as a natural fertilizer source with potential environmental benefits. In this study, black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) frass (BSFF) was compared with a synthetic fertilizer (SF) during production of containerized ornamentals grown under greenhouse conditions. Fertilizers were incorporated into a bark-based substrate at 0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 kg⋅m–3 nitrogen (N) planted with coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides) plugs. Growth index, shoot dry weight, and leaf quality were assessed for a period of 6 weeks. In addition, coleus fertilized at 0.3 kg⋅m–3 N and a control had leachate collected and analyzed weekly for volume, pH, electrical conductivity, and nutrient losses. Black soldier fly frass was found to produce marketable coleus plants at 0.3 kg⋅m–3 N and reduce cumulative N leaching by 87% compared with coleus fertilized with SF at the same rate. Therefore, BSFF can be a suitable fertilizer source for coleus production without compromising growth and leaf quality while potentially decreasing nutrient leaching losses.","PeriodicalId":13144,"journal":{"name":"Horttechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45996730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Compact Pepper Cultivars for Container Gardening Indoors Under Light-emitting Diodes and in a Greenhouse Under Sunlight 紧凑型辣椒品种在室内和日光温室容器园艺中的评价

IF 1 4区农林科学

Horttechnology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05194-23

Stephanie Cruz, E. van Santen, Celina Gómez

{"title":"Evaluation of Compact Pepper Cultivars for Container Gardening Indoors Under Light-emitting Diodes and in a Greenhouse Under Sunlight","authors":"Stephanie Cruz, E. van Santen, Celina Gómez","doi":"10.21273/horttech05194-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech05194-23","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous compact pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivars are available for home gardening. However, evaluations under different environmental conditions are limited. This study aimed to characterize growth and productivity of 14 compact pepper cultivars grown indoors under environmental conditions that simulated a residential space (11 mol·m−2·d−1 provided by white of light-emitting diode fixtures, constant 22 °C, and moderate relative humidity of 40% to 60%) and in a greenhouse with sunlight only. Plants in the greenhouse were generally larger in size and produced more fruit [both in number and total fresh weight (FW)] than those grown indoors. For example, growth index, which is a measure of canopy volume that integrates shoot height and width, and fruit FW were up to 250% and 621% higher in the greenhouse than indoors, respectively. ‘Fresh Bites Red Improved’ and ‘Sweet Yellow’ had the highest fruit FW per plant when grown in the greenhouse (695 g) and indoors (483 g), respectively. All cultivars evaluated in this study are recommended for gardening under sunlight, and most for indoor gardening except for Cosmo, Pinata, and Yellow Tomato, which had the lowest fruit FW when grown indoors (61, 59, and 52 g) and thus, should not be recommended to consumers aiming to maximize fruit yield. In addition, ‘Cayennetta’, ‘Cheyenne’, ‘Hot Tomato Red’, ‘Pinata’, ‘Spicy Jane’, and ‘Sweet Yellow’ were affected by intumescence, which could negatively affect indoor gardening experiences until widespread recommendations to mitigate this disorder become available.","PeriodicalId":13144,"journal":{"name":"Horttechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49179064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Land-use and Energy Practices on US Golf Courses 美国高尔夫球场的土地利用和能源实践

IF 1 4区农林科学

Horttechnology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05207-23

T. Shaddox, J. B. Unruh, Mark Johnson, C. D. Brown, G. Stacey

{"title":"Land-use and Energy Practices on US Golf Courses","authors":"T. Shaddox, J. B. Unruh, Mark Johnson, C. D. Brown, G. Stacey","doi":"10.21273/horttech05207-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech05207-23","url":null,"abstract":"Golf facilities require a large area and consume energy to operate. As such, golf facilities have the potential to influence ecosystems and contribute to national and regional energy demands. The objective of this study was to document the land-use and energy practices of US golf facilities in 2021 and to determine if changes have occurred since 2005. A survey was distributed via e-mail to 13,938 US golf facilities, with 1861 responding. From 2005 to 2021, the projected acres of maintained turfgrass declined by 14.2%, whereas the median maintained turfgrass acreage declined by 3.0% indicating the decline in projected acres was likely a result of facility closures. In 2021, water features, turfgrass, and natural areas accounted for 92% of the total projected facility acres. More golf facilities used cleaner energy sources, such as natural gas and solar-electric, and fewer golf facilities used gasoline and diesel in 2021 than in 2005. The percentage of golf facilities at which behavioral changes were implemented to decrease energy use declined but design changes increased from 2005 to 2021. Golf facilities became more land and energy efficient from 2005 to 2021 by reducing the acreage of maintained turfgrass and increasing the use of clean energy sources, but room for improvement still exists in human behaviors that affect energy use.","PeriodicalId":13144,"journal":{"name":"Horttechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evaluation of Calcium Sources for the Management of Botrytis Blight on Petunia Flowers 钙源对矮牵牛花灰霉病防治的评价

IF 1 4区农林科学

Horttechnology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05097-22

Katherine Bennett, G. Schnabel, J. Faust

{"title":"Evaluation of Calcium Sources for the Management of Botrytis Blight on Petunia Flowers","authors":"Katherine Bennett, G. Schnabel, J. Faust","doi":"10.21273/horttech05097-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech05097-22","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of calcium (Ca) spray applications derived from Ca chloride for reducing botrytis (Botrytis cinerea) infection severity on petunia (Petunia ×hybrida) flowers. This study examines the effects of six Ca sources for their efficacy in reducing Botrytis blight on petunia flowers and their potential to cause spray damage or phytotoxicity. In the first experiment, the six Ca sources evaluated were laboratory-grade and commercial-grade Ca chloride, Ca nitrate, Ca ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelate, Ca amino acid chelate, and Ca silicate. In the second experiment, petunia flowers that were 0, 1, 3, 5, or 7 days old at the time of the Ca spray applications were evaluated for spray damage severity. For both experiments, treatments were applied to flowering plants. For the evaluation of Botrytis blight efficacy, flowers were excised and inoculated with botrytis spores 24 hours after the Ca spray application, and were evaluated every 12 hours for 72 hours. Laboratory-grade and commercial-grade Ca chloride at 1250 mg⋅L–1 Ca were the most effective Ca sources evaluated for decreasing Botrytis blight severity while not causing spray damage at any flower age. Spray damage to the flowers from the Ca chloride application increased when Ca concentrations increased to 2000 mg⋅L–1, but no additional benefit was observed for reducing Botrytis blight severity compared with the 1250-mg⋅L–1 Ca application. The results demonstrate that several Ca sources reduce Botrytis blight severity significantly; however, selection of the Ca source is important for minimizing the risk of spray damage.","PeriodicalId":13144,"journal":{"name":"Horttechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43205041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in Production Practices Used for Disease Management in Blueberry Nurseries in Georgia, USA, Over a 15-year Period 15年来美国乔治亚州蓝莓苗圃病害管理生产实践的变化

IF 1 4区农林科学

Horttechnology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05154-22

J. Haralson, P. Brannen, Walt Sanders, H. Scherm

{"title":"Changes in Production Practices Used for Disease Management in Blueberry Nurseries in Georgia, USA, Over a 15-year Period","authors":"J. Haralson, P. Brannen, Walt Sanders, H. Scherm","doi":"10.21273/horttech05154-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech05154-22","url":null,"abstract":"Surveys of blueberry [rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum) and southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum interspecific hybrids)] nurseries in the State of Georgia, USA, were conducted in 2007 and 2022 to determine the prevalence of and associations among propagation practices, especially related to disease management. As indicated by the reduction in surveyed nurseries in 2022 (7) compared with 2007 (18), the Georgia blueberry nursery industry has consolidated. However, cultural disease management practices have generally improved in these remaining nurseries. In 2007, in nurseries where cuttings were grown in containers, 77.8% reused containers and 66.7% did not sterilize them before use. The growing medium [pine (Pinus sp.) bark] was reused for subsequent production cycles in 29.4% of nurseries, although such reuse of media tended to be associated with production in beds as opposed to containers (P = 0.08). Nurseries used well water in 88.2% and pond water in 11.8% of cases. Cuttings were grown on benches (vs. the ground) in slightly fewer than half of the nurseries. In contrast, all nurseries surveyed in 2022 grew their cuttings in containers, used well water, and had increased bench use, albeit only slightly. Although all nurseries reused containers, only 28.5% did not sterilize containers before use, and only 14.3% of nurseries reported reusing media. Most nurseries surveyed in 2007 (83.3%) were on a routine, calendar-based fungicide program using a.i. targeted primarily against aboveground diseases (blights and leaf spots) and secondarily against soil-borne water molds (Phytophthora and Pythium species of the Oomycetes class). In contrast, 42.8% of those surveyed in 2022 were on a 2- to 3-week spray schedule, 42.8% used fungicides on an as-needed basis, and 14.4% were on a monthly schedule, indicating that fungicide scheduling varied dramatically among the remaining nurseries.","PeriodicalId":13144,"journal":{"name":"Horttechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48375556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brussels Sprout Cultivar Performance and Response to Apical Meristem Removal 球芽甘蓝品种性能及对顶端分生组织去除的响应

IF 1 4区农林科学

Horttechnology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05170-22

Rebecca Grube Sideman, Caterina Roman, Elisabeth A. Hodgdon

{"title":"Brussels Sprout Cultivar Performance and Response to Apical Meristem Removal","authors":"Rebecca Grube Sideman, Caterina Roman, Elisabeth A. Hodgdon","doi":"10.21273/horttech05170-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech05170-22","url":null,"abstract":"We compared the performance of Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) cultivars in New Hampshire and evaluated the effects of topping (apical meristem removal) on marketable yields. A total of 23 cultivars were evaluated in the study, with 8 to 16 cultivars evaluated in any given year. We identified several cultivars that produced moderate to high yields of well-spaced, uniform sprouts that had few Alternaria blight (Alternaria sp.) symptoms, and identified many others, including all red cultivars evaluated, that produced very low yields consistently. In 2013, 2014, and 2015, we used a replicated split-plot experimental design with cultivar as the main plot and topping treatment as the subplot, to evaluate the effects of topping plants. Early and midseason cultivars showed increased yields in response to topping, unless topping was performed too early. Cultivars with sprouts that did not reach marketable size within our growing season generally produced low yields, and topping had no effect on yields. To explore the effects of topping at different dates, we evaluated three cultivars on seven different topping dates plus an untopped control in 2015 and 2017. In addition to reducing stalk height by limiting late-season growth, topping affected marketable yields by affecting the number of sprouts that were either undersized or oversized. The ideal topping date window for minimizing defects and maximizing yields varied slightly for each cultivar, ranging from early to late September.","PeriodicalId":13144,"journal":{"name":"Horttechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48666211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selectivity and Efficacy of Acetic Acid and d-Limonene on Four Aquatic Plants 乙酸和d-柠檬烯对四种水生植物的选择性和药效

IF 1 4区农林科学

Horttechnology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05168-22

L. Gettys, Kyle L. Thayer, J. Sigmon, Jennifer H. Bishop

{"title":"Selectivity and Efficacy of Acetic Acid and d-Limonene on Four Aquatic Plants","authors":"L. Gettys, Kyle L. Thayer, J. Sigmon, Jennifer H. Bishop","doi":"10.21273/horttech05168-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech05168-22","url":null,"abstract":"Most lake, canal, and pond management programs in the United States use herbicides labeled for aquatic use because many of these products, which are registered by the US Environmental Protection Agency, are relatively inexpensive and can effectively control undesirable plants without excessive damage to desirable species. Managers of these resources have expressed an interest in alternative methods for aquatic weed control that could reduce the use of traditional synthetic herbicides. We studied the effects of acetic acid and d-limonene on growth of the invasive aquatic species rotala (Rotala rotundifolia) and crested floatingheart (Nymphoides cristata), as well as on the native wetland plants spatterdock (Nuphar advena) and giant bulrush (Schoenoplectus californicus). We applied acetic acid and d-limonene (alone and in combination) once as foliar treatments to healthy plants, then grew out the plants for 8 weeks after treatment to observe damage resulting from treatments. We also evaluated diquat dibromide at three concentrations as “industry-standard” synthetic treatments for comparison. A 0.22% concentration of diquat dibromide eliminated most or all vegetation of rotala, crested floatingheart, and giant bulrush, but was much less damaging to spatterdock. Single-product applications of acetic acid or d-limonene had little effect on any of the four species evaluated. Some combinations of acetic acid and d-limonene provided acceptable control of rotala and selectivity on spatterdock and giant bulrush, but no treatments reduced crested floatingheart growth by more than 40%. Treating rotala with acetic acid and d-limonene instead of diquat dibromide would result in a 25-fold increase in material costs, which would make this option unaffordable for most aquatic system managers.","PeriodicalId":13144,"journal":{"name":"Horttechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48030710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clipping and Gibberellin Treatments Promote Germination in Dormant Grape Seeds 修剪和赤霉素处理促进葡萄休眠种子发芽

IF 1 4区农林科学

Horttechnology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05155-22

Bridget Bolt, Anna G. Baloh, Roberta Magnani, M. Nosarzewski, Carlos Rodriguez López, R. Geneve

{"title":"Clipping and Gibberellin Treatments Promote Germination in Dormant Grape Seeds","authors":"Bridget Bolt, Anna G. Baloh, Roberta Magnani, M. Nosarzewski, Carlos Rodriguez López, R. Geneve","doi":"10.21273/horttech05155-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech05155-22","url":null,"abstract":"‘Crimson Cabernet’ grape (Vitis vinifera) seeds showed physiological dormancy and germinated at ∼60% after 60 days of chilling stratification. Fresh seeds harvested after physiological maturity and sown without drying failed to germinate after 30 days when sown on agar. In agar-sown fresh seeds cut at the distal seed end or intact seeds treated with gibberellic acid (GA), the seeds germinated at ∼20% after 30 days. The highest germination percentages after 30 days were 63% to 83% in fresh, agar-sown seeds that were cut and treated with GA at 5000 mg⋅L–1 regardless of stratification time. Similar results were seen in seeds allowed to dry before sowing. Seeds cut and treated with GA at 5000 mg⋅L–1 germinated at 79% after 30 days. However, dry seeds sown on germination paper showed lower germination after cutting and GA treatment compared with agar-sown seeds. The highest germination percentages after 30 days in dry, cut seeds on germination paper treated with GA at 2000 and 5000 mg⋅L–1 were 33% and 55%, respectively, compared with agar-sown seeds, which germinated at 76% and 79%, with the same treatments. Results from this study provide a system that reduces the need for chilling stratification for grape seed germination by using partial seedcoat removal and GA treatment.","PeriodicalId":13144,"journal":{"name":"Horttechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49641369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing Powdery Mildew in High-tunnel Tomato Production in Oregon with Ultra Violet-C Lighting 用紫外线c照明减少俄勒冈州高隧道番茄生产中的白粉病

IF 1 4区农林科学

Horttechnology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05139-22

K. R. Buckland, C. Ocamb, A. L. Rasmussen, L. Nackley

引用次数: 0

Comparative Feasibility Analysis of Mechanized Equipment for Vineyard Operations 葡萄园机械化作业设备的比较可行性分析

IF 1 4区农林科学

Horttechnology Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05147-22

G. Signorini, M. L. Lewis Ivey

引用次数: 0