Heritage Science最新文献

{"title":"Study on the restoration of glass slides dating back to the 1940s","authors":"Yuyao Ruan, Yanli Li, Fei Yang, Yanru Chen, Panpan Liu, Mantang Ge, Kezhu Han, Yuhu Li","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01454-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01454-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Museum of Sun Yat-sen University houses a collection of antique glass slides dating back to the 1940s. These historical artifacts not only serve as a record of the past but also bring history to life. During extended storage, the emulsion layer on glass slides may harden and become brittle, leading to cracking and buckling. This study suggests a method to enhance the physical property of the emulsion layer by using a combination of nonionic surfactant isomeric alcohol ethoxylates eight (TO-8) and waterborne epoxy resin (WER). We investigated the microscopic action mechanism of the two on the emulsion layer of glass slides using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water contact angles, and other techniques. Our study revealed that TO-8 can significantly eliminate the spherulitic crystal structure of the emulsion layer, as well as improve its softness and hydrophilicity. The addition of the WER ensures that the cracking and warping of the emulsion layer film is fully corrected, resulting in a flat surface. Additionally, the size of the emulsion layer film remains stable even after wetting. The WER has minimal impact on the image information of glass slides. The emulsion layer of the glass slides, restored using the softening protection solutions developed in this study, showed almost full recovery of image information. This research holds significant theoretical and practical value for repairing cracked and warped emulsion layers on glass slides.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greener solutions for biodeterioration of organic-media cultural heritage: where are we?","authors":"Benedetta Paolino, Maria Cristina Sorrentino, Severina Pacifico","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01442-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01442-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eco-friendly decontamination treatments on works of art made from organic materials are of growing interest. The high risks to human health and the environment associated with traditional biocides (<i>e.g.</i> ecotoxicity, development of biotic resistance) have made it necessary to search for safer alternatives, also looking at the past but innovating it. The current state of the art is explored here, delving into the literature on the topic from 2000 to today, and outlining trends in terms of the most tested artistic supports and types of published research (in vitro/in vivo). An overview of the characteristics and mechanisms of biodegradation processes on different types of organic products and on the microorganisms mainly involved is thus provided. The main chemical-physical action techniques tested are illustrated and their practical-applicative aspects are discussed on the basis of evidence from case studies. Taking stock of the actual situation, literature consultation highlights that if on the one hand research is advancing rapidly towards the discovery of new ecological and safe solutions, on the other hand these are often biocidal treatments whose protocols have yet to be explored and validated.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Search for new materials based on chitosan for the protection of cultural heritage","authors":"Anna Ermolyuk, Darya Avdanina, Adelya Khayrova, Sergey Lopatin, Kirill Shumikhin, Tat’yana Kolganova, Nikolay Simonenko, Alexey Lunkov, Valery Varlamov, Mikhail Shitov, Alexander Zhgun","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01452-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01452-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microorganisms are a significant cause of damage to cultural heritage, including paintings. Currently, the palette of antiseptics that are used in painting has narrowed considerably. This is due to the increased demands placed on such substances. It was shown that low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) obtained from the king crab (<i>Paralithodes camtschaticus</i>) exhibits high activity against dominant fungi-destructors of paintings in the State Tretyakov Gallery. Nevertheless, the increasing market demand for chitosan has prompted the exploration of alternative sources. Insects, notably the bioconverter black soldier fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>), stand out as one of the most cultivated options. This study investigates the effectiveness of chitosan, isolated from <i>H. illucens</i> by a novel method developed by authors, in inhibiting fungi that damage tempera paintings. The activity of 33 and 39 kDa chitosans from <i>H. illucens</i> is comparable to the most active chitosans previously studied from <i>P. camtschaticus</i>. However, there are characteristic differences between these compounds, as shown by the results of FTIR spectroscopy, which may affect their consumer properties when used in paint materials. Our studies suggest that LMWC from <i>H. illucens</i> is a promising material that can expand the range of antiseptics used in painting.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diversity of bronze production technologies during the Eastern Zhou dynasty revealed by analysis of slags from the Baidian and Xincun sites in Central China","authors":"Cong Wang, Zhenlong Gao, Qingzhu Wang, Jun Gao, Quanyu Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01449-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01449-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Eastern Zhou period of China, characterised by complex interactions among vassal states, witnessed significant advancements in bronze production technology. However, the investigation of interactions based on technological comparison among dominant and dependent states remains limited. Focusing on two newly excavated foundry sites, Baidian in Houma, Shanxi, and Xincun in Hebi, Henan, this study provides crucial insights into the bronze production technologies and material sources used by Jin, a major vassal state in Central China, and Wei, a dependent state of Jin, during the Eastern Zhou period. Elemental analysis and microstructural examinations of slags, fragments of crucible wall and furnace wall, show the diversity of bronze production techniques between these two sites: in the Baidian site, bronzes were predominantly produced by co-melting of metallic copper and tin, and remelting of recycled bronzes, whereas in the Xincun site, bronze were probably made by co-melting of copper and tin ore. Furthermore, lead isotope analysis results suggest that the lead materials used for the bronze production at both the sites were likely from the Xiaoqinling region. Integrated with the historical background of complex interactions among vassal states, these findings not only shed light on the technological advancements and resource networks of the Jin and Wei states but also explain the relationships between technology, resources and social dynamics from various perspective. Hopefully this research would promote archeometallurgical study among regions and be applied to other Bronze Age cultures in the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic defect detection in infrared thermal images of ancient polyptychs based on numerical simulation and a new efficient channel attention mechanism aided Faster R-CNN model","authors":"Xin Wang, Guimin Jiang, Jue Hu, Stefano Sfarra, Miranda Mostacci, Dimitrios Kouis, Dazhi Yang, Henrique Fernandes, Nicolas P. Avdelidis, Xavier Maldague, Yonggang Gai, Hai Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01441-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01441-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, the preservation and conservation of ancient cultural heritage necessitate the advancement of sophisticated non-destructive testing methodologies to minimize potential damage to artworks. Therefore, this study aims to develop an advanced method for detecting defects in ancient polyptychs using infrared thermography. The test subjects are two polyptych samples replicating a 14th-century artwork by Pietro Lorenzetti (1280/85–1348) with varied pigments and artificially induced defects. To address these challenges, an automatic defect detection model is proposed, integrating numerical simulation and image processing within the Faster R-CNN architecture, utilizing VGG16 as the backbone network for feature extraction. Meanwhile, the model innovatively incorporates the efficient channel attention mechanism after the feature extraction stage, which significantly improves the feature characterization performance of the model in identifying small defects in ancient polyptychs. During training, numerical simulation is utilized to augment the infrared thermal image dataset, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent experimental sample testing. Empirical results demonstrate a substantial improvement in detection performance, compared with the original Faster R-CNN model, with the average precision at the intersection over union = 0.5 increasing to 87.3% and the average precision for small objects improving to 54.8%. These results highlight the practicality and effectiveness of the model, marking a significant progress in defect detection capability, providing a strong technical guarantee for the continuous conservation of cultural heritage, and offering directions for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the seismic isolation characteristics of the overall friction pendulum bearing (OFPB) of a pagoda under three types of seismic actions","authors":"Qing He, Dewen Liu, Min Lei, Xiaopeng Li, Haoxuan Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01448-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01448-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the seismic performance of an ancient pagoda with significant historical and cultural values in China is upgraded by using overall friction pendulum bearing (OFPB) seismic isolation technology, This technique can be used to isolate the pagoda without damaging it. By implementing the OFPB seismic isolation retrofit on the pagoda and comparing and analyzing it with the unretrofitted seismic model, the response of the pagoda under the action of nine seismic waves of three types, namely, near-field earthquakes, far-field earthquakes, and common earthquakes, is investigated. The results show that the OFPB seismic isolation technique significantly reduces the seismic response of the ghats, in which the acceleration amplification factor is reduced by a maximum of 82.46%, the inter-story displacement is reduced by a maximum of 85.15%, and the base shear force is reduced by a maximum of 96.76%. In addition, the tensile damage of the ghats with OFPB seismic isolation was significantly controlled. While the model without seismic isolation has serious damage under the same seismic action and even faces the risk of collapse. The results of the study confirm that the OFPB seismic isolation technology plays a key role in improving the seismic performance of the tower, which is of great theoretical and practical significance to the protection of the tower, and provides an effective technical way for the protection of the tower in the seismic-prone areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Roman villa at the Castle of Baia (Naples, Italy): investigations on the polychromy of frescoed surfaces by using non-destructive spectroscopic techniques","authors":"Piergiulio Cappelletti, Alberto De Bonis, Diego Di Martire, Renata Esposito, Chiara Germinario, Sossio Fabio Graziano, Celestino Grifa, Francesco Izzo, Giovanna Montesano, Vincenzo Morra, Concetta Rispoli, Maria Verde","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01436-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01436-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the Roman age, the southern promontory of the gulf of <i>Baia</i> was the perfect location for the construction of <i>villae maritimae</i> for the Roman <i>élite</i> that decided to spend their summer residences by the sea.</p><p>One of these residences is now located in the military fortress of the <i>Castello Aragonese di Baia</i>, built in 1495 CE during the <i>Aragonese</i> period (15^th century). Here, during restoration works, the ruins of the residential sector of the <i>villa,</i> which historical sources ascribe to Caesar, were unearthed. The most representative evidence of this is the outstanding in situ remain of mosaics, decorated plasters and finely frescoed surfaces decorated according to the repertoire of the II style. This research aims to investigate the polychromy of a wall decoration representing a perspective depiction of architectural scenes <i>en trompe l'oeil</i> analysed by means of a multi-analytical, non-destructive approach performed in situ. The combined use of spectroscopic techniques (portable X-ray fluorescence, Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) points out the use of a characteristic Roman palette, quantitatively assessed by colorimetric measurements. It consists of red and yellow ochre, calcite, hematite, organic black pigments, precious materials such as cinnabar and Egyptian blue, green copper compounds. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy also revealed the presence of synthetic resins, likely used for the conservation of mural paintings. These are, however, damaged by atmospheric humidity, as detected by Infrared Thermography. Gypsum has been identified as the main weathering product.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design transformations in monuments and memorials as monumental buildings: new perspectives on the place-making model","authors":"Guoxing Chen, Vanvipha Suneta","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01446-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01446-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The monument, or the memorial, as a place of memory and emotional support, has been the focus of scholarly attention. Although existing studies have explored its space’s materialization, identity, history, and memory content, the materials about its design transformation have yet to be deeply excavated. Based on the relevant theories of place and place-making, the researchers constructed a knowledge system of the place-making model, the spatial vector pattern, and the worship behaviors of monuments. On this basis, a qualitative research methodology is adopted. Through case studies and participant observation, the design transformation of the monument/memorial is interpreted in the following five dimensions: function theme, morphology style, spatial relationship, visitor experience, and symbolic meaning. The results of this study show that the monument/memorial tends to promote in-depth public reflection and critical engagement with history, reflecting changes in how society perceives historical events. This research provides new perspectives for understanding the multidimensionality of the monument/memorial but also emphasizes the need to continue exploring its interaction with the socio-cultural context.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital improvements in the design and construction process of classical Chinese garden rockeries: a study based on material digitization","authors":"Zhe Wang, Penghao Song, Qingping Zhang, Tianheng Wei, Ben Pan","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01445-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01445-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rockeries have a complex and significant role in classical Chinese garden designs. They present distinct artistic characteristics and spatial hierarchies and are crucial to garden heritage conservation. Craftsmanship in rockery construction is a significant part of China’s intangible cultural heritage. Rockeries are primarily composed of naturally occurring rocks chosen for their uniqueness and complex shapes and textures. These rocks present challenges as nonstandard elements within the traditional Chinese garden context, as it is not easy to depict them using conventional blueprints and models. This complicates the design, adjustment, display, and construction of rockeries, which lacks tangible bases for reference. Consequently, the preservation and restoration of garden rockeries is difficult, and the perpetuation and dissemination of rockery construction skills face numerous challenges. This study introduces a method that combines laser scanning and photographic measurements to digitize precisely nonstandard elements of rockery stones. This approach presents an innovative design and construction workflow for rockeries by refining design processes, showcasing real effects, and resolving assembly issues. The results demonstrate that the combination of three-dimensional laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry can accurately replicate the complex forms and textures of these nonstandard elements. The stone coding and digital management system devised based on the logic of construction effectively satisfies the design and building requirements of rockeries. Correspondingly, the proposed digital construction workflow enhances the accuracy of rockery design, presentation, and evaluation, thereby contributing to the protection and restoration of rockery heritage sites and the transmission of rockery construction techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and influencing factors of cultural heritage: a case study of Fujian Province","authors":"Junjie Fu, Huasong Mao","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01437-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01437-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of cultural heritage reveal the trajectory of human activity changes, and a deep analysis of its natural and cultural factors holds significant reference value for the overall conservation and management of cultural heritages. This study focuses on the cultural heritage at the provincial level and above in Fujian, utilizing GIS spatial analysis to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of cultural heritages and their natural and human influencing factors. The research findings are as follows: (1) The distribution of cultural heritage in Fujian exhibits a clustering pattern, with dense areas transitioning from the upstream regions of the prehistoric and pre-Qin periods to the eastern coastal areas gradually. (2) The Ming and Qing dynasties have the highest number of cultural heritages, with the type of heritage transitioning from ancient sites in the early periods to ancient architecture, and in modern times, mainly important historical sites and representative architectural heritages. (3) The overall centroid coordinates of cultural heritage reveal a shift from the northern part of Fujian to the eastern and southern parts. (4) Natural factors significantly influence the distribution of cultural heritage, with a higher concentration in plain and hilly areas, on slight slopes with gradients between 0.5° and 2.0°, and on the southern and southeastern slopes, especially within a 1-kilometer radius of rivers. (5) The creation of cultural heritage during historical periods is closely linked to the regional history, culture, political, and economic environments. The positive development of these socio-cultural factors has a promotional effect on the quantity of cultural heritage. This study demonstrates the utility and applicability of GIS spatial analysis techniques in cultural heritage research, providing a methodological framework that can be adapted and applied internationally. The findings offer insightful data that can inform targeted conservation and development strategies for cultural heritage, ensuring their effective preservation and sustainable management across different regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}