Heritage Science最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the seismic isolation characteristics of the overall friction pendulum bearing (OFPB) of a pagoda under three types of seismic actions","authors":"Qing He, Dewen Liu, Min Lei, Xiaopeng Li, Haoxuan Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01448-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01448-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the seismic performance of an ancient pagoda with significant historical and cultural values in China is upgraded by using overall friction pendulum bearing (OFPB) seismic isolation technology, This technique can be used to isolate the pagoda without damaging it. By implementing the OFPB seismic isolation retrofit on the pagoda and comparing and analyzing it with the unretrofitted seismic model, the response of the pagoda under the action of nine seismic waves of three types, namely, near-field earthquakes, far-field earthquakes, and common earthquakes, is investigated. The results show that the OFPB seismic isolation technique significantly reduces the seismic response of the ghats, in which the acceleration amplification factor is reduced by a maximum of 82.46%, the inter-story displacement is reduced by a maximum of 85.15%, and the base shear force is reduced by a maximum of 96.76%. In addition, the tensile damage of the ghats with OFPB seismic isolation was significantly controlled. While the model without seismic isolation has serious damage under the same seismic action and even faces the risk of collapse. The results of the study confirm that the OFPB seismic isolation technology plays a key role in improving the seismic performance of the tower, which is of great theoretical and practical significance to the protection of the tower, and provides an effective technical way for the protection of the tower in the seismic-prone areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Roman villa at the Castle of Baia (Naples, Italy): investigations on the polychromy of frescoed surfaces by using non-destructive spectroscopic techniques","authors":"Piergiulio Cappelletti, Alberto De Bonis, Diego Di Martire, Renata Esposito, Chiara Germinario, Sossio Fabio Graziano, Celestino Grifa, Francesco Izzo, Giovanna Montesano, Vincenzo Morra, Concetta Rispoli, Maria Verde","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01436-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01436-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the Roman age, the southern promontory of the gulf of <i>Baia</i> was the perfect location for the construction of <i>villae maritimae</i> for the Roman <i>élite</i> that decided to spend their summer residences by the sea.</p><p>One of these residences is now located in the military fortress of the <i>Castello Aragonese di Baia</i>, built in 1495 CE during the <i>Aragonese</i> period (15^th century). Here, during restoration works, the ruins of the residential sector of the <i>villa,</i> which historical sources ascribe to Caesar, were unearthed. The most representative evidence of this is the outstanding in situ remain of mosaics, decorated plasters and finely frescoed surfaces decorated according to the repertoire of the II style. This research aims to investigate the polychromy of a wall decoration representing a perspective depiction of architectural scenes <i>en trompe l'oeil</i> analysed by means of a multi-analytical, non-destructive approach performed in situ. The combined use of spectroscopic techniques (portable X-ray fluorescence, Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) points out the use of a characteristic Roman palette, quantitatively assessed by colorimetric measurements. It consists of red and yellow ochre, calcite, hematite, organic black pigments, precious materials such as cinnabar and Egyptian blue, green copper compounds. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy also revealed the presence of synthetic resins, likely used for the conservation of mural paintings. These are, however, damaged by atmospheric humidity, as detected by Infrared Thermography. Gypsum has been identified as the main weathering product.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design transformations in monuments and memorials as monumental buildings: new perspectives on the place-making model","authors":"Guoxing Chen, Vanvipha Suneta","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01446-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01446-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The monument, or the memorial, as a place of memory and emotional support, has been the focus of scholarly attention. Although existing studies have explored its space’s materialization, identity, history, and memory content, the materials about its design transformation have yet to be deeply excavated. Based on the relevant theories of place and place-making, the researchers constructed a knowledge system of the place-making model, the spatial vector pattern, and the worship behaviors of monuments. On this basis, a qualitative research methodology is adopted. Through case studies and participant observation, the design transformation of the monument/memorial is interpreted in the following five dimensions: function theme, morphology style, spatial relationship, visitor experience, and symbolic meaning. The results of this study show that the monument/memorial tends to promote in-depth public reflection and critical engagement with history, reflecting changes in how society perceives historical events. This research provides new perspectives for understanding the multidimensionality of the monument/memorial but also emphasizes the need to continue exploring its interaction with the socio-cultural context.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital improvements in the design and construction process of classical Chinese garden rockeries: a study based on material digitization","authors":"Zhe Wang, Penghao Song, Qingping Zhang, Tianheng Wei, Ben Pan","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01445-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01445-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rockeries have a complex and significant role in classical Chinese garden designs. They present distinct artistic characteristics and spatial hierarchies and are crucial to garden heritage conservation. Craftsmanship in rockery construction is a significant part of China’s intangible cultural heritage. Rockeries are primarily composed of naturally occurring rocks chosen for their uniqueness and complex shapes and textures. These rocks present challenges as nonstandard elements within the traditional Chinese garden context, as it is not easy to depict them using conventional blueprints and models. This complicates the design, adjustment, display, and construction of rockeries, which lacks tangible bases for reference. Consequently, the preservation and restoration of garden rockeries is difficult, and the perpetuation and dissemination of rockery construction skills face numerous challenges. This study introduces a method that combines laser scanning and photographic measurements to digitize precisely nonstandard elements of rockery stones. This approach presents an innovative design and construction workflow for rockeries by refining design processes, showcasing real effects, and resolving assembly issues. The results demonstrate that the combination of three-dimensional laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry can accurately replicate the complex forms and textures of these nonstandard elements. The stone coding and digital management system devised based on the logic of construction effectively satisfies the design and building requirements of rockeries. Correspondingly, the proposed digital construction workflow enhances the accuracy of rockery design, presentation, and evaluation, thereby contributing to the protection and restoration of rockery heritage sites and the transmission of rockery construction techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provenance Studies of a Set of Pick-Up Glass Fragments Found in Portugal and Dated to the 17th Century","authors":"F. Pulido Valente, Inês Coutinho, Teresa Medici, Bernard Gratuze, L.C. Alves, Ana C. Cadena-Irizar, Márcia Vilarigues","doi":"10.3390/heritage7090239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7090239","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most recognized decorations of the pick-up technique is the millefiori glass, which has been commonly attributed to Venetian production. However, Portugal is the country where the largest known assemblage of this type of glass artefact has been studied and published. In this work, two important archeological contexts were selected: (1) Santa Clara-a-Velha monastery (SCV) and (2) São João de Tarouca monastery (SJT). The fragments selection was made based on the diversity of decorative motifs, colors, and original forms that has been associated with Portuguese production. The compositional characterization was conducted by performing micro-particle-induced X-ray emission (µ-PIXE) mapping, which facilitated the visualization of the distribution of different oxides across the different glass layers and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to obtain the major, minor, and trace elements composition, including rare earth elements (REEs) to determine which kind of raw materials were used. Additionally, µ-Raman spectroscopy was employed to investigate the opacifiers, while UV–Visible spectroscopy was used to study which chromophores are presented in the glass samples. All the analyzed glass layers can be considered to be of a soda–lime–silica type, and four different geological patterns (from GP1 to GP4) were detected and reported. This result can indicate that these objects were made by using silica sources taken from four different geological settings. Interestingly, the GP3 represents about 41% of the analyzed glass fragments and is compatible with the pattern detected in some production wastes found in two different archeological contexts located in Lisbon, which reinforces the veracity of the theory that this GP can be attributed to a Portuguese production. On the other hand, GP1 was probably attributed Granada provenance.","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"7 9","pages":"5048-5083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147904658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and influencing factors of cultural heritage: a case study of Fujian Province","authors":"Junjie Fu, Huasong Mao","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01437-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01437-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of cultural heritage reveal the trajectory of human activity changes, and a deep analysis of its natural and cultural factors holds significant reference value for the overall conservation and management of cultural heritages. This study focuses on the cultural heritage at the provincial level and above in Fujian, utilizing GIS spatial analysis to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of cultural heritages and their natural and human influencing factors. The research findings are as follows: (1) The distribution of cultural heritage in Fujian exhibits a clustering pattern, with dense areas transitioning from the upstream regions of the prehistoric and pre-Qin periods to the eastern coastal areas gradually. (2) The Ming and Qing dynasties have the highest number of cultural heritages, with the type of heritage transitioning from ancient sites in the early periods to ancient architecture, and in modern times, mainly important historical sites and representative architectural heritages. (3) The overall centroid coordinates of cultural heritage reveal a shift from the northern part of Fujian to the eastern and southern parts. (4) Natural factors significantly influence the distribution of cultural heritage, with a higher concentration in plain and hilly areas, on slight slopes with gradients between 0.5° and 2.0°, and on the southern and southeastern slopes, especially within a 1-kilometer radius of rivers. (5) The creation of cultural heritage during historical periods is closely linked to the regional history, culture, political, and economic environments. The positive development of these socio-cultural factors has a promotional effect on the quantity of cultural heritage. This study demonstrates the utility and applicability of GIS spatial analysis techniques in cultural heritage research, providing a methodological framework that can be adapted and applied internationally. The findings offer insightful data that can inform targeted conservation and development strategies for cultural heritage, ensuring their effective preservation and sustainable management across different regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsupervised weathering identification of grottoes sandstone via statistical features of acoustic emission signals and graph neural network","authors":"Ruoyu Zhang, Yuan Cheng, Jizhong Huang, Yue Zhang, Hongbin Yan","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01432-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01432-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Weathering features of sandstone heritage can be recognized by using artificial intelligence (AI) based surrogate models, and most models perform classification tasks for types based on precise labels. But there are lack of prior validated knowledge of the weathering or untagged historical data for complex weathering conditions in many cases. To this aim, a unsupervised graph neural network (GNN) based on the statistical features of the acoustic emission (AE) signals is constructed. Firstly, taking unweathered sandstone as a reference, we define 4 weathering levels of sandstone ranging from I to IV based on pore indicators. We selected 11 statistical features that are high correlated with pore of sandstone. Then, this GNN is constructed and trained by 2880 sets of statistical measured AE signals. Compared with AEs, LOF and IF models, GNN achieves the best identification performance among the four evaluation criteria. Each iteration of the GNN network is fitting the feature information of the signals and their neighbors. By data dimensionality reduction techniques, when the GNN stops iterating, it will be easy to distinguish unweathered AE signals from weathered one by comparing the reconstruction error of each signal. Furthermore, when the nearest neighbor’s k gradually increases, the AUC of GNN also gradually increases and then tend to stable when <i>k</i> equals to 50–100. While the hidden layers of the network aggregates less information about the neighborhood features of the signals and cannot distinguish significantly between unweathered and weathered signals when the value of k is small. As the depth of the network deepens, the feature values between signals become more and more similar, their reconstruction errors in the output layer of the network to become more similar, making it difficult to distinguish unweathered AE signals from weathered AE signals via GNN. Meanwhile, GNN adopts more AE features and considers the similarity between each features. This can greatly eliminate various errors caused by wave velocity measurement, greatly improving the robustness of AE detection. Hence, the GNN model presented addresses the limitations of relying solely on P-wave velocity measurements to assess the degree of sandstone weathering at stone cultural heritage.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A convenient archaeological ruins identification method through elevation information extraction from CORONA stereo pairs","authors":"Yixin Zhang, Ningyuan Wang, Jie He, Tao Zhang, Xin Zhang, Hongpeng Luo","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01427-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01427-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Three-dimensional (3-D) stereo images can be generated via computer-based image processing of CORONA stereo pairs. To a certain extent, important terrain and surface feature data extracted from these stereo images can improve the survey of archaeological sites and the identification and mapping of major landscapes. In this study, we focused on the identification of the archaeological ruins of Liangzhu City. An optical stereo model (red/blue stereo image) of the Liangzhu site was created through computer-based mosaicking and processing of CORONA remote-sensing stereo pairs taken in the 1960s and 1970s. By importing the optical stereo model into mobile phones, tablet computers, and other mobile devices, the research team undertook real-time locating of ruins via human observation, on-site investigation, and image overlay during a field survey and identified several Liangzhu-period dams, some of which have been confirmed via archaeological field investigations. The research team later applied the same method to the identification of tombs at the site of the mausoleums of the six emperors of the Southern Song dynasty. The results further prove that this method is feasible and reliable and can be widely promoted and used for the identification of archaeological ruins.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of visible spectral imaging technology for pigment identification of colored relics","authors":"Chun-ao Wei, Junfeng Li, Shiwei Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01434-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01434-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Identifying pigments from colored relics is essential for their color restoration and for facsimile creation. A workflow for identifying pigment information is constructed based on visible spectral imaging technology, aligned with the drawing process of colored relics. This workflow includes three steps: boundary extraction, material identification and prediction of mixture proportions. The methods for segmenting visible spectral images, identifying chemical compositions, and predicting mixture proportions of pigments are extensively reviewed. Future research trends of these methods are also analyzed. The influence of the pigment particle size is currently underexplored but can be accomplished by multidisciplinary research.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of various test methods to quantify the deterioration degree of archaeological leather","authors":"Shuli Yao, Yirui Lin, Chao Lei, Ya-nan Wang, Yue Yu, Yunhang Zeng","doi":"10.1186/s40494-024-01435-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01435-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantifying the degree of deterioration is crucial for developing prevention strategies for archaeological leather. In this work, the morphology, chemical compositions, and physical properties of artificially aged leather samples were analyzed using a series of test methods to determine non-destructive or micro-destructive technologies for quantifying the degree of deterioration in archaeological leather. Results show that the hydroxyproline (Hyp) content of leather decreases with the increase of deterioration degree because deterioration leads to the gradual destruction of the collagen fiber network of leather. Moreover, the Hyp content of leather can be micro-destructively determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Therefore, the determination of Hyp content is recommended to quantify the degree of deterioration in archaeological leather.</p>","PeriodicalId":13109,"journal":{"name":"Heritage Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}