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IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation最新文献

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Investigation of high-current interruption of vacuum circuit breakers 真空断路器大电流断路的研究
IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 1993-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/14.231543
E. Dullni, E. Schade
{"title":"Investigation of high-current interruption of vacuum circuit breakers","authors":"E. Dullni, E. Schade","doi":"10.1109/14.231543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/14.231543","url":null,"abstract":"The physical processes occurring during recovery of a vacuum interrupter after high-current interruption are surveyed. New results have been obtained by the application of modern diagnostic techniques like laser shadow imaging, laser-induced fluorescence of atoms and of metal vapor ions, Mie scattering of droplets, and high-resolution recording of voltage and current on digital oscilloscopes. The density of metal vapor produced by the arc determines the kind of breakdown processes occurring after current zero. Liquid droplets and residual plasma play a minor role. The commonly used contact material, i.e., copper-chromium, is compared with pure copper, and its advantage is explained by the surface structure of the melt. >","PeriodicalId":13105,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation","volume":"21 1","pages":"607-620"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75373369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 60
Measurement of emission currents immediately after arc polishing of contacts-Method for internal-pressure diagnostics of vacuum interrupters 触点电弧抛光后立即发射电流的测量。真空灭弧器内压诊断方法
IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 1993-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/14.231553
F. Frontzek, D. Konig
{"title":"Measurement of emission currents immediately after arc polishing of contacts-Method for internal-pressure diagnostics of vacuum interrupters","authors":"F. Frontzek, D. Konig","doi":"10.1109/14.231553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/14.231553","url":null,"abstract":"The inherent high reliability of vacuum interrupters is determined by the maintenance of a high degree of vacuum in the vacuum tube for a long time. Rise of internal pressure exceeding a certain threshold value causes loss of the current switching capability and, at a pressure that is about one or two orders higher, the loss of the electric insulating properties. Pressure measurements after manufacturing and reexamining the internal pressure of vacuum interrupters after several years of service require different procedures, measuring methods, and diagnostic techniques. The fundamentals of a new method based on the measuring of emission currents immediately after arc polishing of the contacts are presented. This method is appropriate for estimating the internal pressure of the vacuum interrupters after long-time service and for giving information about the remaining safety margin. >","PeriodicalId":13105,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation","volume":"27 1","pages":"700-705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81156815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Mechanical shocks as cause of late discharges in vacuum circuit breakers 真空断路器延迟放电的原因是机械冲击
IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 1993-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/14.231527
R. Gebel, W. Hartmann
{"title":"Mechanical shocks as cause of late discharges in vacuum circuit breakers","authors":"R. Gebel, W. Hartmann","doi":"10.1109/14.231527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/14.231527","url":null,"abstract":"The time dependence of late discharges in high-voltage vacuum circuit breakers after current interruption has been measured as a function of the mechanical and electrical stress exerted on the vacuum circuit breaker bottle. A correlation between the occurrence of strong, shocklike acceleration peaks of >10/sup 4/ m/s/sup 2/ and the increase of the probability of late discharges has been found. A reduction of the shock wave amplitudes by simple mechanical damping results in a reduction of the probability of late strikes by as much as 50%. It is concluded that most of the late discharges observed in these experiments are caused by particles which adhere loosely to the contact and vapor shield surfaces, and which are released by the strong mechanical shocks. >","PeriodicalId":13105,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation","volume":"12 1","pages":"468-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86589989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
The effect of insulator charging on breakdown and conditioning 绝缘子充电对击穿和调理的影响
IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 1993-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/14.231551
J. Wetzer, P. Wouters
{"title":"The effect of insulator charging on breakdown and conditioning","authors":"J. Wetzer, P. Wouters","doi":"10.1109/14.231551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/14.231551","url":null,"abstract":"As part of a study on HV design concepts for microwave tubes, a number of different insulator designs have been studied. Analysis of the measured DC current, partial discharge activity and breakdown voltage shows that surface charging of insulators is a key mechanism in the breakdown process and in the conditioning process. Insulator parameters are not only the breakdown voltage, but also the conditioning speed and the sensitivity to gas exposure or charge leakage. In all these respects insulators with a field enhancement at the anode are superior. Field enhancements at the cathode are less harmful if stepped insulator shapes are chosen. Effective conditioning requires at least a limited number of breakdowns. With sufficient conditioning breakdowns, all insulator geometries tested reached a breakdown field exceeding 12 kV/mm. >","PeriodicalId":13105,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation","volume":"116 1","pages":"681-691"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78070422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Field electron emission from large-area Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ superconducting films in vacuum 真空中大面积Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x超导薄膜的场电子发射
IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 1993-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/14.231531
J. Elizondo, J. Taylor
{"title":"Field electron emission from large-area Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ superconducting films in vacuum","authors":"J. Elizondo, J. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/14.231531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/14.231531","url":null,"abstract":"Thin films of Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ deposited on copper and stainless steel electrodes by a flame spray method were tested in vacuum at electric fields ranging from 10 to 100 kV/cm. Field electron emission current was measured from the surfaces before and after the application of the film. Metallic surfaces, of 20 cm/sup 2/ in surface, cooled to LN/sub 2/ ( approximately 90 K) temperatures showed a 1.75 to 2*increase in current. The coated surfaces showed a 5 to 6* increment in current when compared to room temperature metallic surfaces. Stainless steel electrodes with a surface area of 20 cm/sup 2/, which were coated by a flame spray process and tested under vacuum, showed a similar behavior. Coating procedures and experimental results are shown. >","PeriodicalId":13105,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation","volume":"37 1","pages":"494-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82079261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Switching transients during energizing capacitive load by a vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器给容性负载通电时的开关瞬态
IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 1993-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/14.231549
Y. Fu, G. Damstra
{"title":"Switching transients during energizing capacitive load by a vacuum circuit breaker","authors":"Y. Fu, G. Damstra","doi":"10.1109/14.231549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/14.231549","url":null,"abstract":"Both experimental investigations and computer simulations of multiple prestrikes and associated prestriking overvoltages during energizing a capacitive load (capacitor bank or unloaded cable) by a vacuum circuit breaker are presented. It has been found that the prestriking overvoltage is associated with multiple prestrikes, and the circuit parameters or arrangements play important roles on the severity of the prestriking overvoltages. A simple computer simulation program is established and verified with the experimental results. Further simulations of several probable practical cases are also provided. Normally, overvoltages will not exceed 3 PU, but higher values are possible in special cases due to resonances in cable-line-cable networks. >","PeriodicalId":13105,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation","volume":"23 1","pages":"657-666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82750419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Electrical breakdown in vacuum interrupters 真空断路器的电气击穿
IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 1993-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/14.231541
G. Farrall
{"title":"Electrical breakdown in vacuum interrupters","authors":"G. Farrall","doi":"10.1109/14.231541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/14.231541","url":null,"abstract":"Aspects of HV breakdown associated with vacuum interrupters are discussed, based on the author's personal experience. In particular, cold cathode arc stability, electrical contact phenomena, and particle effects are considered. >","PeriodicalId":13105,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation","volume":"67 1","pages":"580-591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80594173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Monte Carlo simulation of surface charge on angled insulators in vacuum 真空中倾斜绝缘子表面电荷的蒙特卡罗模拟
IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 1993-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/14.231554
O. Yamamoto, T. Hara, I. Nakanishi, M. Hayashi
{"title":"Monte Carlo simulation of surface charge on angled insulators in vacuum","authors":"O. Yamamoto, T. Hara, I. Nakanishi, M. Hayashi","doi":"10.1109/14.231554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/14.231554","url":null,"abstract":"A two-dimensional computer analysis of the surface charging on angled insulators has been performed by using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Results are compared to the charge in equilibrium model, originally proposed by C.H. de Tourreil and K.D. Srivastava (1973). >","PeriodicalId":13105,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation","volume":"594 1","pages":"706-712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77017984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
Long-delayed breakdown in vacuum gaps under DC pulses 直流脉冲作用下真空间隙的长延时击穿
IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 1993-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/14.231525
E. Dullni
{"title":"Long-delayed breakdown in vacuum gaps under DC pulses","authors":"E. Dullni","doi":"10.1109/14.231525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/14.231525","url":null,"abstract":"Concerning HV insulation in vacuum, there is still some uncertainty about the processes leading to breakdown, especially in the case of long time lags and large contact spacing. The present measurements show that mechanical shocks cause breakdown of the gap. Breakdown probability is highest for virgin contacts and decreases after heavy arcing. The role of nonmetallic inclusions and organic impurities is highlighted. In comparison with a demountable vacuum device industrial vacuum interrupters do not show any sensitivity to mechanical shocks. Besides breakdown probabilities and time lags, the temporal development of voltage and current during breakdown was measured. For a contact spacing of >14 mm and for breakdown sites located on the side face of the contacts, HV discharges were observed lasting for approximately 500 mu s. In this case, current is limited by a negative space charge layer in front of the anode. >","PeriodicalId":13105,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation","volume":"51 1","pages":"454-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90905964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Insulation characteristics and welding behavior of vacuum switch contacts made from various CuCr alloys 不同CuCr合金真空开关触头的绝缘特性和焊接性能
IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 1993-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/14.231545
J. Ballat, D. Konig
{"title":"Insulation characteristics and welding behavior of vacuum switch contacts made from various CuCr alloys","authors":"J. Ballat, D. Konig","doi":"10.1109/14.231545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/14.231545","url":null,"abstract":"CuCr is generally accepted and applied as contact material in vacuum switches. Although CuCr has many well-known advantages it has, compared to CuBi, the disadvantage of welding more easily at high current-closing operations of circuit breakers. Thus, a currentless separation of the welds occurring after closing operations affects the dielectric properties of the open contact gap. In this study welding forces as well as field enhancement factors beta and breakdown voltages of the contacts after currentless opening are investigated and used as diagnostic tools in order to study the influence of different CuCr compositions and manufacturing processes on the performance of butt-type contacts installed in a model vacuum breaker chamber. >","PeriodicalId":13105,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation","volume":"91 1","pages":"628-634"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87740991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
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