ORG: Other Motivation最新文献

{"title":"Does Losing Lead to Winning? An Empirical Analysis for Four Sports","authors":"Bouke Klein Teeselink, Martijn J. van den Assem, Dennie van Dolder","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3669174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3669174","url":null,"abstract":"Berger and Pope (2011) show that being slightly behind increases the likelihood of winning in professional (National Basketball Association; NBA) and collegiate (National Collegiate Athletic Association; NCAA) basketball. We extend their analysis to large samples of Australian football, American football, and rugby matches, but find no evidence of such an effect for these three sports. When we revisit the phenomenon for basketball, we only find supportive evidence for NBA matches from the period analyzed in Berger and Pope (2011) . There is no significant effect for NBA matches from outside this sample period, for NCAA matches, or for matches from the Women’s National Basketball Association. High-powered meta-analyses across the different sports and competitions do not reject the null hypothesis of no effect of being slightly behind on winning. The confidence intervals suggest that the true effect, if existent at all, is likely relatively small. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, behavioral economics and decision analysis.","PeriodicalId":130976,"journal":{"name":"ORG: Other Motivation","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134101136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Trust in Waqf Management: Implications of Good Governance and Transparent Reporting","authors":"R. Hasan, Prof Faruq Ahmad, S. Siraj","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3641470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3641470","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to highlight the implications of governance and reporting practices in ensuring accountability and building donors trust in Waqf Institutions (WIs). Data gathered through the survey are analysed using PLS-SEM technique. The conceptual model was developed based on the critical review of the past literature. Among the three proxies of board attributes, only board ability has a significant positive impact on accountability. Voluntary information disclosure has a significant positive impact on accountability. Accountability has a significant impact on building trust in waqf management. Results provided by the study advocates for the adoption of formal reporting and improved governance mechanisms to enhance donors’ trust in WIs.","PeriodicalId":130976,"journal":{"name":"ORG: Other Motivation","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130339611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Employee Benefits on Affective and Continuance Commitment during Times of Crisis","authors":"E. Galanaki","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3480637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3480637","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Employee benefits represent a large proportion of operational costs in most sectors, but discussions of their outcomes have been inconclusive. The purpose of this paper is to decipher the effects of employee benefits on organizational commitment in a changing and largely uncertain environment.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Three repeated large-scale surveys in Greece during the recent recession are used (2012, 2013 and 2015, total n=3,498).\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000A new taxonomy of employee benefits based on employees’ subjective utility evaluations is developed and applied. Availability of benefits and changes in the allocation policies of benefits are found to significantly but not powerfully influence organizational commitment. The setting in which this exchange is realized is critical for the relationships developed.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The study is conducted in a single country during the recession and trough phases of the business cycle and employee benefit allocation is measured with employee perceptions. Future research is called to couple present findings with international research at diverse phases of the business cycle and objective or company-provided measures of employee benefits.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Employers are advised to draft long-term employee benefit strategies, avoid frequent adjustments and provide multiple types of employee benefits, to increase affective organizational commitment.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This is the first time employee benefits are treated as a whole, and effects of their allocation and of changes in their allocation are explored at the employee level.\u0000","PeriodicalId":130976,"journal":{"name":"ORG: Other Motivation","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122647565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticipated Temporal Landmarks Undermine Motivation for Continued Goal Pursuit","authors":"Minjung Koo, Hengchen Dai, K. Mai, C. Song","doi":"10.5465/AMBPP.2019.11222ABSTRACT","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.11222ABSTRACT","url":null,"abstract":"Moments that elicit feelings of a “fresh start” have been shown to spur goal initiation. However, successful goal pursuit requires not only goal initiation but also persistent effort investment. Wh...","PeriodicalId":130976,"journal":{"name":"ORG: Other Motivation","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115273146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Empowered Financial Managers in Business's Development","authors":"H. Saremi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2178980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2178980","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century business landscape in a complex competitive situation and influenced by multiple factors such as globalization, technological development and diffusion of new technologies have been growing rapidly. In the framework of this new perspective, the company is to survive and thrive to be different from their previous work. In particular, companies should be looking for new sources of competitive advantage and new forms of competition to operate, which requires a clear understanding of the nature and dynamics of competition. One of the most important factors and tool in helping companies to develop and competition in business is having managed funds and sources management that requires empowered financial managers to control the fund inflows and outflows.And because Finance and monetary transactions in an enterprise is of most important and rather of main foundation of every company or organization undoubtedly this important matter has direct and inseparable connection with enterprises' Financial Managers. Therefore role of financial managers in monetary policies and moving policy of an enterprise is assigning role. From other side the discharging of this role by financial manager is not only oriented to him only but the numerous factors and variables are involved in output of a financial manager' work. Financial manager' necessities collection for exercising his responsibility optimally, can be considered as empowerment i.e. forming ,power, science, authorities, influence, experience and professional knowledge which are abilities of a financial manager in an enterprise where he is working. It is oblivious that a part of this ability is related to individual owned of financial manager and the other part is regarded to external factors. In this direction, growth and promotion of these external as well as internal factors for financial managers can be considered as an effort for his empowerment. So in this paper we shall discuss and study how the empowered financial managers can affect on business development and improvement and enable the business to be competitive in this modern world and globalization area.","PeriodicalId":130976,"journal":{"name":"ORG: Other Motivation","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125381404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational Form and Expense-Preference Behavior: Evidence from Islamic Banks","authors":"M. Quttainah","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2062951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2062951","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the organizational forms of Islamic banks, corporate governance mechanism, and their effects on organizational behavior, specifically relating to managerial expense preferences. The paper opted for an OLS cluster regression and followed by a stochastic frontier approach test as a robustness test. Findings of this study indicate that organizational forms of Islamic banks influence managerial expense preferences. A stochastic frontier approach test supports the initial findings and reveals that the average noninterest cost inefficiency of Islamic banks without Shari’ah Boards is 23% compared to commercial banks. Islamic banks with Shari’ah Boards are, on average, 28% less noninterest cost inefficient compared to Islamic banks without Shari’ah Boards, and are on average, 16% less noninterest cost inefficient compared to commercial banks. Shari’ah Supervisory Boards’ positive implications for Islamic Banks are independent of the expectations of the governing structure or ownership. Specifically when looking at Islamic Banks with Shari’ah Supervisory Boards, managerial propensity to engage in self-serving behavior is reduced. This paper fulfils an identified need to understand how the distinct nature of Islamic banks organizational forms and governance impact managerial behavior.","PeriodicalId":130976,"journal":{"name":"ORG: Other Motivation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121322722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Correlation between Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction","authors":"Sina Ahmadzadeh Mashinchi, Esmaeil Yaghoubi, E. Ahmadi, A. Hadi, Ebrahimi Hamid","doi":"10.5897/AJBM11.1622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.1622","url":null,"abstract":"This study was an attempt to explore the relationship between organizational justice, encompassed by three components: (distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice) job satisfaction, that is employees’ perceptions of workplace justice. This study, indeed, investigated the relationship among these justice measures in the Iranian environment. The data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires among 229 employees of Furniture Manufacturing Company through a stratified random sampling. The study findings showed that only one significant relationship existed between the age of respondents and their perceptions of organizational justice. The findings also suggested that this was a positive association organizational justice and job satisfaction. Employee job satisfaction depended upon the organizational justice of managers. Nevertheless, in measuring the three dimensions of organizational justice, the current study used survey items asking employees whether something is generally fair or not. Finally, although, this study was conducted in Iran, it was expected that the findings might have the relevance on a broader scale. The results could be very helpful for developing a new model of organizational justice with new implementation techniques by replicating this study in different countries and contexts.","PeriodicalId":130976,"journal":{"name":"ORG: Other Motivation","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123006977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Grade Retention Affect Achievement? Some Evidence from PISA","authors":"J. Ignacio Garacia-Perez, M. Hidalgo-Hidalgo, J. Robles","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1962106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1962106","url":null,"abstract":"Grade retention practices are at the forefront of the educational debate. In this paper, we use PISA 2009 data for Spain to measure the effect of grade retention on students’achievement. One important problem when analyzing this question is that school outcomes and the propensity to repeat a grade are likely to be determined simultaneously. We address this problem by estimating a Switching Regression Model. We find that grade retention has a negative impact on educational outcomes, but we confirm the importance of endogenous selection, which makes observed differences between repeaters and non-repeaters appear 14.6% lower than they actually are. The effect on PISA scores of repeating is much smaller (-10% of non-repeaters’average) than the counterfactual reduction that non-repeaters would suffer had they been retained as repeaters (-24% of their average). Furthermore, those who repeated a grade during primary education suffered more than those who repeated a grade of secondary school, although the effect of repeating at both times is, as expected, much larger.","PeriodicalId":130976,"journal":{"name":"ORG: Other Motivation","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127875980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Contracts for Teams of Money Managers","authors":"Pegaret Pichler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.302379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.302379","url":null,"abstract":"The optimal organizational form and optimal incentive contract are characterized for a team of money managers, assuming that the investor (principal) is risk averse and that each manager's (agent's) actions affect both that manager's expected return and the correlation of returns between managers. If the managers are risk tolerant, then a noncooperative team organization and a strictly competitive contract, in which each manager is rewarded both for doing well and for doing better than the team, is the most efficient way to discourage herding within the team. This is despite the fact that, in such a contract total wages paid are a concave function of total returns, and so using the contract to discourage herding (and thus achieve lower risk) is in direct conflict with the investor's objective of using the contract to transfer risk onto the managers. As the risk aversion of both the investor and the managers increases, cooperation among managers becomes the optimal way to organize the team. For some parameter values, if everyone is risk averse, first-best can be achieved under cooperation. First-best without herding can never be achieved if the managers are risk tolerant, or if cooperation is infeasible","PeriodicalId":130976,"journal":{"name":"ORG: Other Motivation","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133975949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}