Holzforschung最新文献_第4页

Inter- and intra-growth ring variations of wood carbon fractions in Pinus tabuliformis 赤松木碳组分在生长环间和生长环内的变化

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2023-0115

Yupei Wei, Chang Zheng, Lingyu Ma, Xiaomei Jiang, Yafang Yin, Juan Guo

{"title":"Inter- and intra-growth ring variations of wood carbon fractions in Pinus tabuliformis","authors":"Yupei Wei, Chang Zheng, Lingyu Ma, Xiaomei Jiang, Yafang Yin, Juan Guo","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0115","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon fraction (CF) of trees is essential for quantifying forest carbon (C) stocks. Considerable attention has been paid to CF variations at various levels with the exception of inter- and intra-growth rings. Herein, the inter- and intra-growth ring variation of CF in Pinus tabuliformis was investigated. Elemental analysis was performed to obtain CF values of the earlywood and latewood in each growth ring of the xylem. Patterns of CF variation at the growth ring level were evaluated using mixed-effect models. The results showed that latewood CF, 50.6 %, was significantly higher than earlywood CF, 49.9 % (p < 0.01). In particular, inter-growth ring variations of CF differed between heartwood and sapwood, as well as between juvenile wood and mature wood. CF values decreased nonlinearly with cambium age toward the heartwood or juvenile wood, with estimated least-squares means of 50.4 % and 51.8 %, respectively. While CF values were almost unaltered in sapwood, and slightly decreased in mature wood, with estimated least-squares means of 50.0 % and 50.2 %, respectively. It indicates that patterns of CF variation between juvenile wood and mature wood are important to estimate the C stock of P. tabuliformis. This research provides insights into C uptake dynamics to support forest management and wood utilization.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139751942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short-term hygro-mechanical behaviour of lime wood (Tilia cordata) in principal anatomical directions 椴木（Tilia cordata）在主要解剖方向上的短期湿力学行为

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2023-0029

Daniel Konopka, Benjamin Grohmann, Jens Gecks, Wolfram Scheiding, Michael Kaliske

{"title":"Short-term hygro-mechanical behaviour of lime wood (Tilia cordata) in principal anatomical directions","authors":"Daniel Konopka, Benjamin Grohmann, Jens Gecks, Wolfram Scheiding, Michael Kaliske","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"The hygroscopic and moisture-dependent mechanical characteristics of small-leaved lime wood (Tilia cordata) were investigated experimentally. This study includes sorption, swelling and shrinkage experiments, as well as tension and compression tests in the three principal anatomical directions at four relative humidity levels. Four sample groups from trees of three different locations in Germany were used. The findings are comparable to those of earlier studies. The hygro-expansion anisotropy is relatively small. Young’s moduli at tension/compression decreased by about 52 %/64 % in radial, 19 %/48 % in tangential and 16 %/58 % in longitudinal direction for an increase of moisture content from 10 % (65 % RH) to 20 % (95 % RH). Tension strengths/compression yield stresses decreased by about 25 %/45 % in radial, 9 %/42 % in tangential, and 32 % (compression) in longitudinal direction, respectively. These parameters increased with an increasing density. Based on the mechanical tests, Young’s modulus, tension strength and compression yield stress were derived as density- and moisture-dependent material model parameters. Shear modulus and shear strength were estimated by a theoretical approach. The experimental and modelling study was accompanied by a literature survey on characteristics of lime wood relevant for hygro-mechanical material modelling.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139752045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decay resistance of southern pine wood containing varying amounts of resin against Fomitopsis ostreiformis (Berk.) T. Hatt. 含不同树脂量的南方松木对 Fomitopsis ostreiformis (Berk.) T. Hatt.

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2023-0106

Babar Hassan, Lesley Francis, R. Andrew Hayes, Maryam Shirmohammadi

{"title":"Decay resistance of southern pine wood containing varying amounts of resin against Fomitopsis ostreiformis (Berk.) T. Hatt.","authors":"Babar Hassan, Lesley Francis, R. Andrew Hayes, Maryam Shirmohammadi","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0106","url":null,"abstract":"Resin production in wood tissues is a regular feature of pine wood species, including southern pine. High resin contents of southern pine wood may increase wood resistance against decay fungi. The current study investigated the effect of resin contents in southern pine wood on decay resistance by exposing non-extracted heartwood, mixed wood (sapwood + heartwood), and sapwood blocks with varying resin content to brown rot, Fomitopsis ostreiformis in a laboratory decay test. Matching blocks of each wood type were successively extracted in a Soxhlet using three solvents to determine resin content and were exposed to decay fungus in parallel. Results showed that mass losses in non-extracted heartwood and mixed wood depended on resin content levels, and very shallow or no mass losses were observed in blocks containing more than 31 % resin content. Sapwood experienced high mass losses, but the presence of resinous extractives significantly increased the decay resistance. All solvent-extracted blocks experienced high mass loss (53–55 %). Scanning electron microscopy showed that penetration of brown rot hyphae and cell damage depended on the resin contents of blocks. Most of the identified compounds through GC-MS belonged to oleoresins, among which monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenes were more abundant in heartwood than sapwood.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"73 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139668421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elm wood (Ulmus rubra) vacuum drying at 40 °C studied by time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) 利用时域核磁共振 (TD-NMR) 研究榆木（Ulmus rubra）在 40 °C 下的真空干燥过程

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2023-0079

Rui Tan, Zhihong Zhao, Wenjing Liu, Shuang Wu, Minghui Zhang

{"title":"Elm wood (Ulmus rubra) vacuum drying at 40 °C studied by time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR)","authors":"Rui Tan, Zhihong Zhao, Wenjing Liu, Shuang Wu, Minghui Zhang","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0079","url":null,"abstract":"The time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) technique was employed to distinguish various water states, and the moisture migration during Elm wood (Ulmus rubra) heartwood vacuum drying was quantitatively analyzed. The transverse relaxation time (T2) was employed to establish the correlation between drying time and moisture migration. Additionally, the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) was utilized to identify two types of water states within the cell wall: OH bound water (B-water) and more freely bound water (C-water). Meanwhile, the changes in these two types of bound water during the drying were investigated. The results demonstrated an exponential decrease in the content of OH bound water and more freely bound water with drying time. OH bound water within the cell wall predominated, with only a small portion of more freely bound water experiencing migration loss when the moisture content (MC) dropped below 20 %. Furthermore, OH bound water exhibited higher migration rate compared to more freely bound water at 10–20 % MC, while the motion of OH bound water molecules became highly restricted and stronger binding to cell walls than more freely bound water at a MC level of below 10 %. These findings yield a theoretical foundation and empirical support for optimizing drying methods.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139501029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of indented growth rings on spruce wood mechanical properties and subsequent violin dynamics 缩进生长年轮对云杉木材机械特性和后续小提琴动力学的影响

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2023-0090

Romain Viala, Jérémy Cabaret, Marjan Sedighi-Gilani, Vincent Placet, Scott Cogan

{"title":"Effect of indented growth rings on spruce wood mechanical properties and subsequent violin dynamics","authors":"Romain Viala, Jérémy Cabaret, Marjan Sedighi-Gilani, Vincent Placet, Scott Cogan","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0090","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the influence of “bear claw” or indented growth ring anatomical patterns on the vibro-mechanical behavior of spruce wood have been investigated, particularly in the context of utilizing these singularities/specific features for the construction of violins. By employing vibrometry and modal analysis followed by finite element model updating, the vibro-mechanical properties (specific stiffness in longitudinal (L) and radial (R) directions and shear LR plane, and associated damping) of the indented growth rings spruce were identified and implemented in a numerical model of a violin. Results have revealed a significant increase in specific moduli in R direction and LR plane and decrease in L direction of spruce wood in the presence of indented growth rings, therefore accompanied by a reduction in anisotropic elastic properties, in comparison to spruce without these patterns. These properties led to changes in violin dynamics, globally increasing resonance frequencies and changing the shape of the vibration modes. The simulated frequency response function of the violin at the bridge suggested a global shift of the admittance of the bridge toward higher frequencies. These results suggest a potential impact of indented growth rings of spruce on the acoustic properties of instruments.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of habitat, density, lignin structure, and extraction treatment on thermal-softening properties of water-swollen wood: a study of 87 wood specimens 栖息地、密度、木质素结构和萃取处理对水肿木材热软化特性的影响：对 87 种木材标本的研究

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2023-0083

Yuka Miyoshi, Hisashi Abe, Hiroaki Horiyama, Keisuke Kojiro, Yuzo Furuta

{"title":"Influence of habitat, density, lignin structure, and extraction treatment on thermal-softening properties of water-swollen wood: a study of 87 wood specimens","authors":"Yuka Miyoshi, Hisashi Abe, Hiroaki Horiyama, Keisuke Kojiro, Yuzo Furuta","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0083","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to reveal the diversity of thermal-softening temperatures and identify the factors that determine this temperature. To achieve this, the thermal-softening properties of the radial direction of wood were measured under water-saturated conditions for 15 softwood and 72 hardwood specimens. Wood samples were obtained from the xylarium of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Japan. A dynamic viscoelastic measurement was performed on samples with uniform heating and cooling history because the difference in cooling rate can alter in the mechanical properties of wood. The storage and loss elastic moduli increased linearly as wood density increased, regardless of the wood species. However, the thermal-softening temperature (defined in this study as the peak temperature of loss tangent) was unrelated to the density, anatomical features, species, latitude, and annual rainfall in the habitat. When the relationship between thermal-softening temperature and lignin structure was investigated, a negative correlation was observed between the thermal-softening temperature and the syringyl ratio (syringyl/(syringyl+guaiacyl)) of lignin aromatics. This indicates that the thermal-softening temperature is higher for wood species with denser lignin structures, supporting the prior research showed correlation between thermal-softening temperature and methoxyl group content of wood.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139482051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of β-O-4 linked model oligolignol with a selectively deuterium-labelled methoxy group at the phenolic terminal unit 在酚醛末端单元合成带有选择性氘标记甲氧基的 β-O-4 连接模式低聚木酚

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-01-14 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2023-0095

Taiki Nishimoto, Kyoka Takagi, Dan Aoki, Kazuhiko Fukushima, Yasuyuki Matsushita

引用次数: 0

Structure, flexibility and hydration properties of lignin dimers studied with Molecular Dynamics simulations 利用分子动力学模拟研究木质素二聚体的结构、柔韧性和水合特性

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2023-0054

Klara Hackenstrass, Merima Hasani, Malin Wohlert

{"title":"Structure, flexibility and hydration properties of lignin dimers studied with Molecular Dynamics simulations","authors":"Klara Hackenstrass, Merima Hasani, Malin Wohlert","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0054","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin is an abundant polymer found in wood and grasses, but due to its heterogeneity and complex macromolecular structure it has been less utilized than cellulose. While the building blocks are known, the way they are linked is less understood. Here, Molecular Dynamics simulations were used to systematically characterize seven linkages found in native lignin. Their influence on lignin and water structure, and their interactions were analyzed. The study is limited to guaiacyl (G-G) dimers connected by the following common softwood linkages; 5-5′, 4-O-5′, α-O-4′, β-1′, β-5′, β-O-4′ and β-β′. The simulations show that the linkage has a significant effect on conformational preference and lignin-water interaction. Especially, the behavior of the β-O-4′ shows unique properties, both in terms of conformational freedom and interaction with water. Within the β-O-4′ dimer, π–π stacking between the aromatic rings is possible. The molecule has two distinct common conformations, one compressed and one extended. These preferences also lead to a different effect of β-O-4′ dimer on the surrounding water, where water is found close to the linkage itself but expelled from the aromatic rings to a larger extent than the other linkages. These findings are important for lignin solubility as well as its depolymerization mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139103167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth stress and wood properties of 10-year-old fast-growing teak grown in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 生长在日惹古农基都的 10 年生速生柚木的生长应力和木材特性

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2023-0078

Rafif Pujasmara, Tomy Listyanto, Sri Nugroho Marsoem

{"title":"Growth stress and wood properties of 10-year-old fast-growing teak grown in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta","authors":"Rafif Pujasmara, Tomy Listyanto, Sri Nugroho Marsoem","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0078","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of fast-growing teak plantations in Indonesia provides opportunities for shorter harvesting periods. However, it also poses challenges on wood utilization due to juvenility and growth stress-related defects. This study investigated growth stress levels and some wood properties of 10-year-old fast-growing teak grown in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta. The strain gauge method was used to measure longitudinal surface released-strains (LRS), tangential surface released-strains (TRS), and longitudinal internal residual strains (IRS). Wood specimens were also collected near each strain measurement point for the analysis of wood properties. The results showed LRS values ranging from −1243 to 320 με, TRS values ranging from −779 to 382 με, and IRS values ranging from −589 to 786 με. Meanwhile, radial variations in fiber length, modulus of elasticity, and lignin content were observed. Significant correlations were found between IRS values and microfibril angle, fiber length, modulus of elasticity, lignin content, and hemicellulose content, while no significant correlations were observed between LRS and TRS values and wood properties. These findings suggest a moderate level of growth stress. Additionally, the results also indicate that this 10-year-old fast-growing teak is still in the juvenile stage. Therefore, its utilization should be performed with caution.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139103096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative analysis of the β-1 structure in lignin by administration of [ring-1-13C]coniferin 通过施用[环-1-13C]松柏素定量分析木质素中的β-1结构

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2023-0100

Shori Imamura, Masaki Hosokawa, Yasuyuki Matsushita, Dan Aoki, Kazuhiko Fukushima, Masato Katahira

{"title":"Quantitative analysis of the β-1 structure in lignin by administration of [ring-1-13C]coniferin","authors":"Shori Imamura, Masaki Hosokawa, Yasuyuki Matsushita, Dan Aoki, Kazuhiko Fukushima, Masato Katahira","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0100","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin dimeric units are characterized by various inter-unit linkage types such as β-O-4, β-5, β-β, and β-1. Spirodienones are the native form of the β-1 structures, but the content in lignin has not been clarified. In this study, the ring-1-13C labeled coniferin was synthesized and administered to Ginkgo biloba shoots, obtaining ring-1 selectively labeled xylem samples. Enzymatically saccharified lignin (EL) samples were prepared from the xylem sample (400–600 µm distant region from the cambial zone), and solution-state quantitative 13C NMR and solid-state CP/MAS NMR measurements were conducted. Acetylated EL (ELAc) was also prepared from the xylem sample (600–800 µm distant region from the cambial zone), and solution-state quantitative 13C NMR and 1H–13C 2D NMR measurements were conducted. Difference spectra obtained by subtracting the unlabeled spectra from the ring-1 labeled spectra showed that the ring-1 was responsible for broad signals at 134 ppm and signals of the spirodienone structure at 56.11 ppm (in solid-state), 54.70 ppm (EL in solution-state), and 54.72 ppm (ELAc in solution-state). The ratio of spirodienone structure was evaluated as 0.68 % (EL) and 0.72 % (ELAc) by the solution-state quantitative 13C difference spectra, and 2.3 % (ELAc) by HSQC volume ratio of Cα′-H to G2-H.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139092140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0